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Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies from food poisoning in Chongqing Municipality from 2010 to 2022 DUAN Chen-lin, ZHOU Lei, LIU Hui-hui, LUO Shu-quan, LONG Jiang Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (3): 150-154.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.03.007 Abstract （264）   HTML （6）    PDF （1619KB）（283）       Knowledge map    Objective To understand the patterns and characteristics of public health emergencies arising from food poisoning in Chongqing Municipality so as to provide a scientific basis for promoting effective prevention and control of similar events. Methods The related data on the public health emergencies caused by from food poisoning reported in Chongqing were collected from January 2010 to December 2022 via the subsystem of Public Health Emergency Management under the Information System for Disease Prevention and Control in China, and descriptively analyzed pertinent to the epidemiological characteristics, including the time, places and pathogenic factors of the events. Results One hundred and sixteen events of food poisoning were reported in Chongqing from 2010 to 2022, which affected 3 415 people and resulted in 22 deaths. Food poisoning caused by bacteria was most seen (59 events, 50.86%), and affected most people (2 494 cases, 73.03%). Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella were the major pathogenic bacteria in the incidents, and responsible for 41 events and 1 720 cases of the food poisoning, respectively accounting for 69.49% and 68.97% of the bacterial food poisoning. Food poisoning caused by fungi led to the highest number of deaths (10 cases, 45.45%), all of the deaths were resulted from accidental ingestion of poisonous mushrooms. The peak of food poisoning incidents in Chongqing chiefly appeared in May and September, during which period 40 incidents (34.48%) were reported, with 1 378 poisoning cases (40.35%) involved. From 2010 to 2022, the top three districts (counties) in Chongqing with the incidents reported were Jiulongpo District (13 events), Changshou District (12 events) and Qianjiang District (8 events). Sixty-eight events (58.62%) of food poisoning in rural areas in Chongqing were reported from 2010 to 2022, which involved 1 831 people (53.62%). The incidents primarily occurred in households, with 39 events reported. Forty-eight (41.38%) incidents of food poisoning were reported in urban areas, which affected 1 584 people (46.38%). The incidents largely occurred in business providing catering services, with 27 events. All 22 deaths from food poisoning occurred in rural households. Conclusion In the summer and autumn when food poisoning is high, monitoring over the food safety should be intensified in key areas besides provision of education on food safety and health, improving the ability to recognize native common toxic chemicals, differentiate poisonous plants and mushrooms in local residents so as to prevent food poisoning incidents. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infection in wild rats in Guichi District, Chizhou City from 2020 to 2022 DAI Jianjun, LIU Zexiang, CHEN Xian, KE Yongwen, LONG Daosheng, CI Shengli Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (4): 228-231.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.04.011 Abstract （241）   HTML （9）    PDF （932KB）（182）       Knowledge map    Objective To understand the status of schistosomiasis infection in wild rats in Guichi District, Chizhou City, for scientific evidence to formulate targeted schistosomiasis control strategies. Methods By the data of schistosomiasis epidemic situation in history in Guichi District and combined with the epidemic category and prevalence degree, we conducted annual survey in the wild rats in at least 10% of the endemic villages between 2020 and 2022. The rats living in the areas with snails were captured with mousetrap, and underwent parallel testing using microscopy examination for liver nodule, microscopy examination for mesenteric vein, Kato-Katz method, and miracidium hatching method. The related indicators, including the density of wild rats and schistosome infection rate, were summed up. Results Forty-six epidemic villages were surveyed from 2020 to 2022, and a total of 922 wild rats were captured. The density of wild rats was 6.91% (922/13 346), and the infection rate was 13.02% (120/922). The density and infection rate in the wild rats was 8.22% (245/2 982), 4.29% (217/5 058), and 8.67% (460/5 306); 3.27% (8/245), 14.29% (31/217), and 17.61% (81/460), respectively, in different years, with statistical significance (χ2=87.426, 29.455; all P<0.05), and 7.82% (589/7 534) and 16.98% (100/589) in hilly areas, 5.73% (333/5 812) and 6.01% (20/333) in lake and marshland areas (χ2=22.904, 22.398; all P<0.05). The largest number of wild rats captured was associated with Apodemus agrarius and Rattus losea Swinhoe, and respectively 15.10% (69/457) and 11.49% (40/348) of them were infected with schistosome. Conclusion Schistosoma japonicum infection exists in the wild rats living in hilly and lake areas in Guichi District, and the transmission risk of wild rats as a source of infection deserves attention. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the HIV/AIDS epidemic characteristics in Hefei City from 1997 to 2022 SUN Jing, FENG Jinbao, ZHANG Xiaopeng, YAO Hui, DENG Xiaolan, CHEN Chaojie Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (4): 216-219,237.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.04.008 Abstract （237）   HTML （8）    PDF （3286KB）（561）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and changing trends in patients infected with HIV/AIDS in Hefei area for evidence to formulate corresponding prevention and control measures. Methods The case data, reported in Hefei area from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2022, were initially retrieved from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, and then analyzed regarding the distribution characteristics of time, population and region in the victims of HIV/AIDS. Joinpoint regression was performed to analyze the changing trends in such patients. Results In total, 3 974 HIV/AIDS cases were cumulatively reported in Hefei area from 1997 to 2022. Of the victims, 3 608 (90.79%) were males, and 366 (9.21%) females. The ratio of male to female was 9.86∶1. The age ranging from 20 to 29 years was dominant (1 511 cases, 38.02%). After 2008, the proportion of 50 years old and above tended to grow in the reported cases (χ2trend=62.73, P<0.05). The infection was most seen in patients with college or higher educational background (1 670 cases, 42.02%). By occupation, the reported case number was large in service industry (1 805 cases, 45.42%). The proportion of cases reported in students had been on the rise since 2008 (χ2trend=32.08, P<0.05). The main way of transmission was involved in homosexual transmission (2 525 cases, 63.54%), and homosexual transmission tended to rise since 2003 (χ2trend=79.43，P<0.05). The infection was generally identified in detection and consultation (1 832 cases, 46.10%) and clinical visit (1 628 cases, 40.97%). Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the reported cases of HIV infection in Hefei area were at average annual percent change (AAPC) by 21.90% per year (Z=13.44, P<0.05). Conclusion The HIV/AIDS prevalence in Hefei is relatively stable. Among them, middle aged and elderly population, students and men who have sex with men should be the key groups of HIV/AIDS prevention and control. Health education on AIDS prevention and control should be strengthened for this group of people, and AIDS screening should continue to be strengthened to achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Challenges and prospects of the health education and science popularization to parasitic diseases prevention in China under the new era CHEN Lin, CAO Chunli Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (4): 181-185.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.04.001 Abstract （235）   HTML （21）    PDF （897KB）（410）       Knowledge map    Health education represents an effective means to improve people's health behavior, and it is also the major measure for prevention and control of parasitic diseases in China for many years. Health science popularization is an important part of science popularization. In recent years, with the continuous attention of the Party and the government, health science popularization plays an increasingly important role in improving people's health literacy and awareness of health and disease prevention. In this paper, the current situation and challenges of health education and science popularization on parasitic diseases control and prevention in China were analyzed, and some suggestions were put forward from the aspects of system construction, personnel training, precise communication, forms of activities and new media operation with an attempt to provide reference for health education and science popularization on parasitic diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the epidemic trend of hand, foot and mouth disease in China after COVID-19 as a category B disease ZHANG Yutong, SONG Yang, LIU Fengfeng, DING Fan, LIU Yanzhe, CHANG Zhaorui Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (4): 186-190,227.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.04.002 Abstract （222）   HTML （32）    PDF （3994KB）（288）       Knowledge map    Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and changes of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in China after COVID-19 ranked as category B disease for evidence in scientific prevention and control of HFMD. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted to address the incidence and the composition of each enterovirus serotype of HFMD in China from January to June, 2023, and the results were compared with the corresponding findings in 2017-2019 and 2020-2022. Moving epidemic method (MEM) was used to estimate the epidemic intensity of HFMD reported from January to June, 2023 in China. Results From January to June, 2023, a total of 557 940 cases of HFMD were reported. The reported incidence was 39.68 /100 000, which was lower than the average incidence reported in the corresponding period of 2017-2019 (64.97/100 000), yet higher than the average incidence reported in the same period of 2020-2022 (26.37/100 000). The peak of the HFMD incidence in 2023 was delayed compared to the trends in previous years. The number of cases was rapidly increased after the 20th week, and reached a very high epidemic level by the 26th week. From January to June, 2023, the proportion of enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), coxasckievirus A16 (CV-A16) and other enterovirus in laboratory-diagnosed cases was 14.31% (4 694/32 804), 12.18% (3 995/32 804) and 73.51% (24 115/32 804), respectively. Compared with the average level of the same period in 2017-2019 and 2020-2022, the proportion of EV-A71 and CV-A16 decreased, while the proportion of other enterovirus increased. MEM evaluation results showed that the prevalence intensity of HFMD was higher in the south China than in the north, among which Guangdong remained at a very high epidemic level, whereas Jiangxi and Hunan were at medium epidemic level. Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, Chongqing and Zhejiang were at lower epidemic level. Conclusion In 2023, the incidence peak of HFMD in spring and summer in China moved backward, and the peak of this disease in the country exceeds the pre-pandemic level, and the epidemic peak in southern provinces was earlier than that in northern provinces, for which we suggest that all provinces should closely monitor the dynamic changes of the local epidemic by conducting epidemic analysis and risk assessment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical distribution and drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from inpatients XU Bei, LI Ping, ZHANG Qing-song Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (3): 174-177.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.03.012 Abstract （216）   HTML （12）    PDF （901KB）（250）       Knowledge map    Objective To investigate the patterns of clinical distribution and drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from hospitalized patients in a hospital for scientific evidence in the treatment of the infection in clinic. Methods Patients with Staphylococcus aureus infection treated in XuanCheng City Central Hospital were included from September 2021 to March 2023 as study subjects. The resistance genes mecA and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) of Staphylococcus aureus were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), SPSS 20.0 and WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze the clinical distribution patterns and drug resistance status of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Results A total of 133 patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections were included in the analysis. Among single department, the top two departments were Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (21.8%, 29/133) and the Intensive Care Unit (18.8%, 25/133). The major types of infection were skin furuncle & carbuncle and bedsore (47.4%, 63/133) as well as involvement of upper respiratory tract (23.3%, 31/133) and lower respiratory tract (13.5%, 18/133). The drug susceptibility tests showed that Staphylococcus aureus was 100.0% sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, nitrofurantoin and rifampicin. The resistance rate to penicillin was the highest, 88.0%, followed by crythromycin and clindamycin, 34.6% and 30.1%, respectively. The detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 23.3% (31/133). Of 31 MRSA strains, 30 carried mecA gene, 6 carried PVL gene, and 5 carried both mecA and PVL genes. Conclusion Staphylococcus aureus infection in hospitalized patients in XuanCheng City Central Hospital primarily occurred in patients from Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Intensive Care Unit. The rate of resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin and other antibiotics was high, antibiotics should be rationally prescribed and standardized according to the drug susceptibility test results in clinical management of the infection. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Promotion and realization of curriculum ideological and political education in the construction of first-class course of Human Parasitology JIANG Feng, ZHAO Jin-hong, GU Sheng-li, TANG Xiao-niu, ZHAN Xiao-dong, LIU Ting Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (3): 178-封三.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.03.013 Abstract （216）   HTML （9）    PDF （850KB）（462）       Knowledge map    With further practice of the concept of curriculum ideological and political education in China, colleges and universities gradually run ideological and political education through the whole process of professional education and teaching in higher learning institutions. This paper analyzes the promoting effect of ideological and political education on the construction of first-class courses in Human Parasitology in combination with the teaching practice by the Department of Medical Parasitology of Wannan Medical College, i.e., enhancing teachers' ideological and political literacy, excavating and summarizing the materials related to the ideological and political education, exploring the teaching methods of curriculum ideology and political education, so as to optimize the teaching effect, and provide practical reference for construction of the first-class course of Human Parasitology teaching. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Jilin Province from 2013 to 2022 ZHANG Yang, TIAN Xin, ZHAI Qian-qian, TIAN Rui, YAO Lai-shun Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (3): 126-129,159.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.03.002 Abstract （206）   HTML （13）    PDF （1793KB）（157）       Knowledge map    Objective To understand epidemic status and regularity of occurrence of public health emergencies in Jilin Province for evidence in following implementation of corresponding prevention and control measures. Methods The related data on the public health emergencies reported in Jilin Province were recovered from the subsystem of Public Health Emergency Management under the Information System for Disease Prevention and Control in China from 2013 through 2022, and analyzed for the epidemiological characteristics, including event type, time and regional distribution, place of occurrence, using descriptive research method. Results A total of 3 098 public health emergencies were reported in Jilin Province from 2013 to 2022, during which 11 453 cases and 134 deaths were reported. The reporting peak of public health emergencies was from October every year to March the following year, and the number during which accounted for 83.02% (2 572/3 098) of the total reports for public health emergencies. The types of events were mainly associated with environmental events, and the number of events, incidences and deaths reported accounted for 94.19% (2 918/3 098), 58.01% (6 644/11 453) and 78.36% (105/134) of the total public health emergencies, respectively. Except for one water pollution incident, all the other environmental incidents were non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning. The top three cities in the number of incidents were Changchun (1 865 events, 60.20%), Jilin (900 events, 29.06%) and Yanbian (249 events, 8.04%). In total, 163 events associated with infectious diseases were reported, which involved 4 148 cases and 21 deaths. The event encompassed 13 infectious diseases, among which the top three reported incidents were COVID-19 (97 events, 59.51%), chickenpox (30 events, 18.40%) and hemorrhagic fever (18 events, 11.04%). Fifty-eight events were reported in schools, of which infectious diseases were dominant (47 events,81.04%), and primary schools were the main places that emergencies occurred (29 events, 50.00%). Conclusion In the past years, the public health emergencies in Jilin Province were mainly environmental events, and peaked in winter and spring every year. The findings suggest that, according to the seasonal characteristics of public health emergencies, public publicity and education should be carried out to improve the prevention ability. Infectious diseases were the major public health emergencies in schools, mostly occurring in primary schools. The results suggest that schools should be important sites to implement corresponding prevention and control measures. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of hepatic features on CT imaging in children of paragonimiasis LI Xiang, FU Xu-wen, XU Yan-ling, WEI Jia-lu, QI Min, GAN Wei, HUANG Ying Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (3): 169-173.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.03.011 Abstract （201）   HTML （4）    PDF （6158KB）（430）       Knowledge map    Objective To investigate the demonstration CT imaging of hepatic in children with paragonimiasis for improving understanding of the imaging manifestations of this disease. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed regarding the general information, laboratory findings and CT images in children confirmed or clinically diagnosed as paragonimiasis in Kunming Third People's Hospital between 2019 and 2021. The cases were divided into two groups according to the presence of liver lesions identified on abdominal CT, with the general condition and laboratory findings of the two groups compared, and the CT imaging of children with liver lesions was analyzed. Results A total of 63 children were included in the analysis, 19 (30.2%) had liver lesions, and another 44 (69.8%) had no liver lesions. The percentage of peripheral blood eosinophils was higher in children with liver lesions [46.39% (27.81%, 59.53%)] than in children without liver lesions [26.62% (18.42%, 46.70%)](Z=2.022, P<0.05), yet the ratio of serum albumin to globulin in children with liver lesions was lower than in children without liver lesions [0.80 (0.70, 1.00) vs. 1.00 (0.80, 1.20); Z=-1.997, P<0.05]. In the 19 children with liver lesions, 13 (68.4%) had multiple lesions, 6 (31.6%) had a single lesion, 16 (84.2%) had "worm tunnel sign", 5 (26.3%) had abscess, and 5 (26.3%) had "mushroom sign". In addition, all children with liver lesions were complicated with pleural effusion and pulmonary consolidation. Four children (21.1%) were complicated with skin and soft tissue swelling, and 2 (10.5%) demonstrated hypodensity in the cerebral parenchyma. Conclusion Nearly one-third of children with paragonimiasis are complicated with liver lesions, and the presence of "worm tunnel sign", abscess and "mushroom sign" of CT-enhanced scan is of higher diagnostic value for hepatic paragonimiasis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prevalence and related factors of insomnia, anxiety and depression among medical staff in Shenzhen during the COVID-19 epidemic ZHU Xingkai, LUO Kewang, DENG Xiuliang, LIAO Jierong, LIANG Biyu, XUE Ting, LIU Lijie, ZHU Runze, LUO Xinle Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (4): 232-237.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.04.012 Abstract （199）   HTML （3）    PDF （942KB）（145）       Knowledge map    Objective To understand the prevalence status of insomnia, anxiety and depression, and explore the factors affecting the prevalence in medical staff in Shenzhen City during prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic. Methods By multi-stage sampling method, we initially included 7 public hospitals in Shenzhen area, and then the eligible medical personnel were recruited as study subjects by convenient sampling between May 10 and August 10 of 2022. Cross-sectional study was conducted in the participants using Athens insomnia scale (AIS), generalized anxiety disorder questionnaire-7 (GAD-7) and the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for the status of insomnia, anxiety and depression. SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used to analyze data for multivariate logistics regression. Results A total of 1 050 questionnaires were distributed, and 1 007 valid questionnaires were collected. The statistics indicated that 552 (54.8%), 555 (55.1%) and 541 (53.7%) had insomnia, anxiety and depression, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that bachelor degree (OR=1.733, 95% CI: 1.236-2.429) and continuous work for 1 week, 2 weeks, or more without shift (OR=1.789, 1.883, 2.928; 95% CI: 1.271-2.518, 1.158-3.060, 2.058-4.166, respectively) were risk factors for insomnia in the medical staff. Female (OR=1.584, 95% CI: 1.165-2.154), bachelor degree, graduate degree or above (OR=1.796, 1.755; 95% CI:1.270-2.539, 1.075-2.865, respectively), working life ≤ 10 years (OR=1.759, 95% CI: 1.089-2.843), working in frontline (OR=1.474, 95% CI: 1.093-1.987) and working continuously for 1 week, 2 weeks or more without shift (OR=1.730, 1.879, 2.481; 95% CI: 1.221-2.451, 1.148-3.074, 1.741-3.536, respectively) were the risks for anxiety. The risk factors for depression were associated with bachelor degree, graduate degree or above (OR=2.376, 1.859; 95% CI: 1.688-3.343, 1.164-2.969, respectively) and the working shift persisting for 1 week, 2 weeks or more (OR=1.465, 1.718, 2.177; 95% CI: 1.040-2.063, 1.054-2.803, 1.539-3.079, respectively). Exercise (OR=0.760, 0.783, 0.572; 95% CI: 0.584-0.989, 0.597-0.926, 0.439-0.744) was a protective factor for insomnia, anxiety and depression in medical staff. Conclusion During the normalization period of COVID-19 epidemic, the probability of insomnia, anxiety and depression was higher in the medical staff in Shenzhen City. The findings suggest that comprehensive intervention measures should be taken to mitigate insomnia and psychological abnormalities of medical staff. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Hunan Province, 2017-2022 LIU Ziyan, DAI Zhihui, ZHAN Zhifei, YANG Hao, SUN Qianlai, WANG Juan, BU Zheni, HE Fangling, CHEN Shengbao, LIU Rongjiao, LIN Huijun, LUO Kaiwei Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (5): 245-249.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.001 Abstract （196）   HTML （39）    PDF （1155KB）（195）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Hunan Province for scientific basis in prevention and control of this infection. Methods The surveillance data of dengue fever cases in Hunan Province were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System from 2017 to 2022. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the time, population, and geographical distribution characteristics of dengue fever epidemic in Hunan Province, and the differences between imported and local cases were analyzed and compared as well. Results Accumulative 943 cases of dengue infection were reported in Hunan Province from 2017 to 2022. Of the reported cases, 514 were imported (54.51%), 429 were local infections (45.49%), and 1 death occurred. The peak incidence was in August to November (n=746, 79.11%), and the infection was spread in 108 counties (cities, districts) under the 14 cities (prefectures). The male-to-female ratio of imported cases was 2.70:1, which was higher than the local case ratio of 1.01:1. The median age of the imported cases was 39 (30, 50) years, and the imported infection was most seen in patients aged 20 to 49 years (n=341, 66.34%). The farmers, personnel in commercial services and workers were most affected (n=365, 71.01%). The median age of local cases was 46 (33, 55) years, and the infection was most seen in patients aged 30-69 years (n=309, 72.03%). The occupations were associated with farmers, retired personnel, students, housework and the unemployed (n=307, 71.56%). The median time from onset to diagnosis for imported cases was 5 (2, 7) days, which was longer than the 4 (2, 6) days for local infections. The difference was significant (Z=-8.776, P<0.05). The imported cases were chiefly from southeast Asian countries such as Cambodia, Myanmar and Thailand, while the domestic infection was from Guangdong, Yunnan and Guangxi provinces. Conclusion The dengue fever epidemic in Hunan Province is obviously characterized by importation and seasonality. The findings suggest that disease control institutions at all levels should conduct timely risk assessments of the transmission and take effective measures to reduce mosquito vector density during the epidemic season so as to prevent epidemics and outbreaks. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interpretation of Work Plan for Pilot Counties to Promote the Elimination of Schistosomiasis (2023 Edition) ZHANG Li-juan, LI Shi-zhen, LI Yin-long, ZHU Hong-qing, CAO Chun-li, XU Jing, LI Shi-zhu Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (3): 121-125.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.03.001 Abstract （192）   HTML （17）    PDF （866KB）（476）       Knowledge map    Work Plan for Pilot Counties to Promote the Elimination of Schistosomiasis (2023 Edition) was issued by National Administration of Disease Control and Prevention on January 2nd, 2023. The program aims to promote elimination of schistosomiasis through pilot implementation, to summarize experience on schistosomiasis elimination and gradually spread the work plan to the whole country. This article interpreted the background, objectives, routine measures, five major promotion measures, assessment indicators and organizational guarantee of this plan to guide the efficient and standardized implementation of schistosomiasis elimination work at the grassroots level. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Guizhou Province from 2010 to 2021 SHEN Zhu, LIU Huihui, HUANG Yan, LIU Zhaobing, JIANG Qi, JIANG Xixi, WU Jun Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (4): 195-198.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.04.004 Abstract （189）   HTML （10）    PDF （3075KB）（252）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Guizhou Province from 2010 to 2021 for theoretical basis to perfect the prevention and control measures for this infection. Methods The case information on HFMD reported in Guizhou Province between 2010 and 2021 was retrieved from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and then analyzed pertinent to the distribution and pathogens of the virus by descriptive epidemiology. Results In total, 437 511 cases of HFMD were reported in Guizhou Province from 2010 to 2021. The incidence reported annually was between 67.98 and 162.90 per 100 000 population, the average annual incidence was 101.80/100 000 population. Of the 437 511 cases, 8 349 cases were severe, with a rate of severe case being 1.91%, and there were 171 deaths. Most of the cases showed bimodal distribution, which occurred in April-June and September-November respectively. Cases of HFMD were reported in across the province, and the most hit areas were Zunyi (114 669 cases, 26.21%), Guiyang (110 460 cases, 25.25%) and Liupanshui (39 874 cases, 9.11%). The high-risk population was children living at home (345 577 cases, 78.99%), and children aged 0-5 years were most reported (413 965 cases, 94.62%). In terms of sex distribution, there were more males, with a sex ratio of 1∶0.64. From 2010 to 2012, enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) was the predominant strain of HFMD, and after 2013, other enteroviruses became the dominant strain in Guizhou Province. Conclusion In recent years, the incidence of HFMD in Guizhou Province showed a fluctuating downward trend. Children under 5 years should be the focus for prevention and control, at the same time, the monitor of virus type should be strengthened. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemic situation of dengue fever in Yunnan Province from 2020 to 2022 WEI Chun, GUO Xiaolian, YANG Rui, ZHAO Xiaotao, WU Chao, YANG Zhaolan, YIN Xiaoxiong, ZHOU Hongning Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (5): 250-253.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.002 Abstract （188）   HTML （19）    PDF （900KB）（248）       Knowledge map    Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Yunnan Province during the epidemic of COVID-19 for reference to optimize the prevention and control measures for this infection. Methods The case data on dengue fever reported in Yunnan Province from 2020 to 2022 were retrieved through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distribution of dengue fever by the region, time and population as well as the epidemiological characteristics of domestic and foreign infection sources in Yunnan Province. Results In total, 845 cases of dengue fever were reported Yunnan Province from 2020 to 2022, including 29 foreign imported cases (3.43%) and 816 local infections (96.57%). Local infections primarily occurred in Dehong Prefecture (98.53%, 804/816), and the imported cases were generally from the southeast Asian countries (89.66%, 26/29). In terms of time distribution, the peak period of local infection occurred from September to November (91.30%, 745/816), whereas the imported cases were seen in each month throughout the year. Males were dominant in the reported cases (55.62%, 470/845), with a gender ratio of 1:0.80 and age range between 20 and 59 years old (81.07%, 685/845). The infections were most seen in personnel in commercial services (34.79%, 294/845). Two outbreaks, both occurring in Ruili City, were reported, which involved 785 local cases. The first outbreak occurred in 2020, and lasted for 126 days, with 245 cases reported. The second occurred in 2022, lasted for 85 days with 540 cases reported. Conclusion During the COVID-19 epidemic, the total number of dengue fever cases and local outbreaks in Yunnan Province dropped significantly, yet the risks of dengue fever prevalence still exist. In following work, we should continue to strengthen the health education in the key areas and the joint prevention and control of the infection with neighboring countries/regions, we should enhance the monitoring over the personnel from foreign countries and comprehensive control against the dengue vector, and timely implement the initial prevention and control measures and case treatment to prevent spread of the epidemic. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in schools in Chongqing Municipality from 2010 to 2022 YAN Pei-pei, LONG Jiang, LIU Hui-hui, XIONG Ying, XIA Yu Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (3): 135-140.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.03.004 Abstract （183）   HTML （6）    PDF （1972KB）（234）       Knowledge map    Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies occurring in schools in Chongqing area for evidence to scientifically deal with the emergencies in school campus. Methods The data on the public health emergencies reported in schools in Chongqing area were retrieved from the subsystem of Public Health Emergency Management under the Information System for Disease Prevention and Control in China from January 2010 to December 2022, and analyzed for the epidemic characteristics using descriptive epidemiology. Results A total of 3 162 emergencies in school campus were reported from 2010 to 2022, accounting for 79.23% (3 162/3 991) of all emergencies reported in Chongqing. In total, 85 889 cases and 5 deaths were reported. Of the emergencies reported, 3 120 were associated with infectious diseases. The top three infectious diseases reported were varicella (40.16%, 1 253/3 120), hand-foot-and-mouth disease (20.83%, 650/3 120) and mumps (11.70%, 365/3 120). School emergencies were reported every year in Chongqing from 2010 to 2022, and the annual number of reported emergencies ranged from 132 to 453. The seasonal distribution indicated bimodal trend, and annual peak of reported emergencies basically appeared in May and November. The top three areas with reported emergencies were Kaizhou District (292 events, 9.23%), Hechuan District (166 events, 5.25%) and Yunyang County (163 events, 5.15%). The emergency primarily occurred in primary schools (1 664 events, 52.62%) and nurseries (911 events, 28.81%). The duration of insect-borne infectious disease was the longest, which lasted for 32.07 (31.21, 32.92) days. Management of the respiratory infectious diseases was the longest, and the emergency scale was the largest, which accounted for 9.71 (4.29, 16.63) days and 23 (14, 38) cases, respectively. Conclusion Currently, infectious diseases are the key to prevention and control of public health emergencies in schools in Chongqing. Monitoring should fall on the emergencies occurring nurseries and primary schools. Various prevention and control measures should be implemented in order to eventually reduce the occurrence and impact of school emergencies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the epidemiological patterns of public health emergencies in Changchun City from 2004 to 2022 YIN Yuan, WU Hui, WANG Yue, ZHOU Yu-xiang, REN Zhi-xing Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (3): 160-163.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.03.009 Abstract （169）   HTML （9）    PDF （1318KB）（226）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Changchun City for evidence to develop corresponding prevention and control measures. Methods The public health emergencies reported in Changchun City from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2022 were recovered from the subsystem of Public Health Emergency Management under the Information System for Disease Prevention and Control in China, and descriptively investigated concerning the grades, classification, distribution of the time, regions and places of the emergencies. Results A total of 3 070 public health emergencies were reported in Changchun City from 2004 through 2022, during which 8 164 cases and 198 deaths were reported. The emergencies were primarily ungraded events(n=3 031, 98.73%), and the rest were crises at general or larger scale, which involved 29 (0.94%) and 10 (0.33%), respectively. The number of events (n=2 858, 93.09%) and deaths (n=165, 83.33%) of environmental factors were the highest, followed by infectious diseases, with 195 events (6.35%) and 29 deaths (14.65%). The environmental factors were mainly non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning, and the number of events and deaths accounted for 99.90% (2 855/2 858) and 100.00% (165/165) of the environmental factors, respectively. Infectious disease events were dominated by influenza A (H1N1), accounting for 60.00% (117/195) of infectious disease events. The highest number of deaths was epidemic hemorrhagic fever, accounting for 48.28% (14/29) of infectious disease events.The number of reported incidents was mainly in Chaoyang District (n=1 490), Dehui City (n=356) and Erdao District (n=334), which accounted for 71.01% of the total events. The peak of the emergency appeared from October to March of the following year, when a total of 2 589 events (84.33%) were reported. The incidents primarily occurred in families (n=2 663, 86.74%) and schools (n=128, 4.17%). Conclusion The events from non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning should be the focus of prevention and control of public health emergencies in Changchun City, particularly the safety of self-heating in winter season. In addition, publicity and education in communities and schools should be strengthened, and the awareness of prevention in population should be raised in order to reduce the occurrence of public health emergencies. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Anhui Province, 2018-2022 DENG Shu, TENG Xue-jiao, ZHAO Yu-qiu, WU Jia-bing Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (3): 130-134,140.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.03.003 Abstract （167）   HTML （16）    PDF （1607KB）（166）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Anhui Province for scientific basis to formulate corresponding prevention and control strategies. Methods The closed public health emergencies reported in Anhui Province from January 2018 to December 2022 were retrieved from the subsystem of Public Health Emergency Management under the Information System for Disease Prevention and Control in China. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the events concerning the grading, category, transmission route and distribution of the time, region and place. Results In total, 1 275 public health emergencies were reported in Anhui from 2018 to 2022, which involved 36 119 cases and 60 deaths. The events were mainly unclassified and at general scale, respectively accounting for 77.65% and 20.94% of the total reports. Infectious diseases were the major events (n=1 200, 94.12%), and respiratory infections were most seen, which accounted for 73.25% (879/1 200) of the total infections. COVID-19, chickenpox and influenza were the main types of infectious diseases reported, accounting for 29.33% (352/1 200), 26.75% (326/1 200) and 12.50% (150/1 200), respectively, followed by sudden incident of poisoning (66 events, 5.18%). Food poisoning most occurred (60.61%, 40/66). The major causes of deaths were involved in fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (8 cases, 13.33%), haemorrhagic fever (5 cases, 8.33%), accidental ingestion of wild poisonous mushrooms (4 cases, 6.67%) and aluminium phosphide poisoning (4 cases, 6.67%). Temporal distribution showed two peaks that primarily appeared from October to February, and the sub-peak was from April to June. By the number of the incidents reported, the top three cities were Hefei (145 events, 11.37%), Wuhu (138 events, 10.82%) and Ma'anshan (135 events, 10.59%). The sites with higher incidence of the events were schools and childcare institutions, with 764 events (59.92%) and 31 457 cases reported, chickenpox was most reported (321 events, 42.02%), followed by communities/natural villages and households, with 445 events and 3 621 cases reported, and cluster outbreak was associated with COVID-19 (251 events, 56.40%). There was a linear correlation between the timeliness of reporting and the duration of infectious disease and poisoning outbreaks (rs=1.000, 0.998, both P<0.001). Conclusion Public health emergencies in Anhui Province are mainly involved in infectious diseases, and schools and childcare institutions are the key places for prevention and control. Meanwhile, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and early warning of public health emergencies such as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and food poisoning, and reduce the death cases. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the results of national contest on health education works for parasitic diseases in 2021 ZHAO Luyuan, ZHOU Changhai, ZHU Tingjun, HUANG Jilei, LIU Jianfeng, CHEN Yingdan, WANG Qiang, LI Shizhu, ZHOU Xiaonong, QIAN Menbao Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (4): 238-242.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.04.013 Abstract （166）   HTML （9）    PDF （925KB）（143）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the results of national contest on health education works for parasitic diseases in 2021 for reference for health education on parasitic disease in China. Methods The excellent health education works on parasitic diseases were collected by National Institute of Parasitic Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from the whole country, and appraised in terms of scientificity, creativity, acceptability and popularization. Then all works involved in competitive appraisal were statistically analyzed from the aspects of creative form, target disease, intended audience, and language used in the works. Results A total of 178 pieces of health education works were submitted from 26 provinces, including 70 physical works (39.33%), 59 graphic works (33.15%), and 49 audio-visual works (27.53%). Of all works, 173 were created by independent organization, of which 170 (98.27%) were created by disease prevention and control institutions (including professional parasitic disease prevention and control institutions). The works were mainly intended for general public (77.53%, 138/178), and involved in single parasitic disease (87.08%, 155/178). The top three diseases of the works targeted were malaria (40.00%, 62/155), schistosomiasis (23.23%, 36/155) and echinococcosis (18.06%, 28/155), and Chinese was the sole language most used in the works (90.45%, 161/178). A total of 30 works won awards, including 10 physical works, 10 graphic works, and 10 audio-visual works, which were mainly involved in single disease (83.33%, 25/30), echinococcosis (32.00%, 8/25), schistosomiasis (24.00%, 6/25) and malaria (16.00%, 4/25) were the top three diseases included in the works; in which the language used was most associated with monolingual Chinese (83.33%, 25/30). The award-winning works were distributed in 14 provinces, among which the top province with the highest number of awards was Sichuan (n=6). Conclusion The health education works on parasitic diseases involved in this competition are from wide sources, various in forms and wider coverage on the diseases. Some works seem innovative in form, and incorporated with national customs, which is conducive to covering ethnic minorities. In the future, grass-roots units should be encouraged to actively create better health education works, and cooperation among organizations should be strengthened to further enhance the pertinence of health education works based on analysis of the population demand. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild mice in Ma'anshan City FAN Zehan, WANG Weichun, ZHAN Ti, DUAN Yongmei, ZHU Yingfu, XIANG Kexia, JIANG Xiaoyu, LUO Yin, HE Jiachang, CAO Zhiguo Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (6): 349-352.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.06.010 Abstract （160）   HTML （21）    PDF （948KB）（139）       Knowledge map    Objective To investigate the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infection in wild mice in Ma'anshan City, so as to provide a scientific basis for precise control of schistosomiasis. Methods From September 2021 to November 2022, we conducted a field survey based on the historical epidemic data of schistosomiasis in Ma'anshan City in partial key environments in the townships confirmed with presence of infected snails by Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method in the past three years for the distribution of wild mice and the status of schistosomiasis infection. Mousetraps were used to overnight capture the mice. Parallel examinations were conducted on captured wild mice using liver compression microscopy, liver homogenate microscopy, mesenteric vein compression microscopy, Kato-Katz method, and miracidium hatching method. Finally, the relevant indicators, including the density of wild mice and Schistosoma japonicum infection rate, were analyzed. Results Fifteen key environments were selected from 4 townships (communities) in this survey, and a total of 343 wild mice were captured. The average density was 6.40% (343/5 362) for the wild mice. The density of wild rodents in each township (community) was 12.43% (69/555) in Jinjiazhuang Community of Huashan District, 9.62% (50/520) in Jiashan Town of Yushan District, 6.76% (148/2 188) in Huyang Town, and 3.62% (76/2 099) in Huangchi Town of Dangtu County. The overall mouse density was different among the townships (χ2=70.271, P<0.05). Three hundred and twenty-six valid wild mouse samples were obtained, including 173 Rattus losea, 122 Apodemus agrarius, 23 Rattus norvegicus, 7 Mus musculus and 1 Niviventer fulvescens. Thirty-six wild mice were detected to be infected with Schistosoma japonicum. The infection was seen in Huyang Town and Huangchi Town of Dangtu County, with an infection rate of 18.57% (26/140) and 13.16% (10/76), respectively, for the mice captured in the two areas aforementioned, yet the difference was insignificant (χ2=1.039, P>0.05). The wild mouse species in Huyang Town with positive results were Rattus losea, Apodemus agrarius, Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus, with infection rate of 22.00% (22/100), 6.45% (2/31), 33.33% (1/3) and 20.00% (1/5), respectively, and there was no statistical differences (Fisher's exact probability method, P>0.05). The wild mouse species in Huangchi Town detected to be positive included Rattus losea and Apodemus agrarius. The infection rate was 20.59% (7/34) and 13.64% (3/22), respectively, without statistical significance (χ2=0.094, P>0.05). Conclusion Wild mice may be one of the important sources of infection for schistosomiasis in Ma'anshan area. In the future, we should continue to strengthen the monitoring of wild rodents in epidemic areas, carry out snail control in key environments, and timely drop the wild mouse density by application of integrated measures, such as rodent control and environmental improvement, to further reduce the risk of schistosomiasis transmission. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Toxoplasma gondii Chinese 1 genotype strain infection on trace element metabolism in mice tissues XING Yien, CAI Yihong Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (4): 210-215.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.04.007 Abstract （159）   HTML （9）    PDF （1999KB）（146）       Knowledge map    Objective To measure the retention of trace elements in different tissues of the body in mice infected by weakly virulent strain TgCtwh6, the dominant genotype of Chinese 1 (ToxoDB #9), and investigate the effects of the infection on metabolism of trace metal elements in the mouse tissues. Methods Mouse models of TgCtwh6 at acute and chronic infection were established respectively, and control group was established (n=6 for each group). The levels of various metal elements (Fe2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Mg2+ ) in different tissues (heart, liver, spleen and kidney) of the infected mice were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Western blot was performed to measure the protein expression of the metal element transporter ZIP 8 (Zrt- and Irt- like protein 8), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity kits were used to detect the activity of SOD in liver tissues. Finally, the results obtained in each group were statistically analyzed. Results Compared to the control group, the levels of Fe2+, Mn2+ and Zn2+ in the liver of the mice at acute and chronic infection were increased [(76.348±11.613) μg/g and (88.545±10.555) μg/g vs. (52.388±6.165) μg/g, (1.298±0.065) μg/g and (1.405±0.066) μg/g vs. (1.141±0.110) μg/g, (17.506±0.824) μg/g and (17.031±0.907) μg/g vs. (15.650±0.305) μg/g, respectively], yet the content of Fe2+ in spleen, Cu2+ and Zn2+ in heart was downregulated [(128.519±13.531) μg/g and (120.309±10.023) μg/g vs. (147.720±15.303) μg/g, (5.189±0.255) μg/g and (5.631±0.485) μg/g vs. (6.440±0.740) μg/g, (17.034±0. 974) μg/g and (16.858±0.953) μg/g vs. (19.258±0.965) μg/g, respectively]. The levels of Mn2+ and Mg2+ in the heart of mice at acute infection were lower than those of control group [(0.605±0.052) μg/g vs. (0.686±0.051) μg/g, (153.346±3.221) μg/g vs. (163.012±8.204) μg/g, respectively]. Protein ZIP 8 was up-regulated in the liver of mice at acute and chronic infection as compared with that of control group, and the protein level was higher at chronic infection than at acute infection (F=35.240, P<0.05). SOD activity was (14.041±0.734) U/mL, (16.463±0.616) U/mL and (15.859±0.780) U/mL, respectively, in the liver of mice in the control group, mice at acute and chronic infection. The differene was significant (F=9.370, P<0.05). Conclusion Infection of the mice with TgCtwh6, either at acute or chronic infection, can lead to up-regulation or down-regulation of partial trace metal elements in the tissues of mice as well as upregulated ZIP 8 expression, which may activate SOD activity and function roles in protecting the liver. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics