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Current status of preventive treatment for tuberculosis and factors affecting its completion rate in China, 2021-2024 LI Jinhao, WEN Yaxin, GE Fangjun, HU Dongmei, XU Caihong Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2025, 23 (6): 324-329.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.06.002 Abstract （1576）   HTML （24）    PDF （1015KB）（466）       Knowledge map    Objective To understand the current status and trends of tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) in China from 2021 to 2024, so as to provide a reference for optimizing TPT strategies. Methods Relevant data on TPT from 2021 to 2024 were extracted from the National Tuberculosis Surveillance Report for 31 provinces and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps across China. The analysis covered the number of people who undergone TPT, treatment regimens, and completion rates. Henan, Jiangsu, and Xinjiang were selected as the survey provinces using convenience sampling method. Relevant anonymous data on latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) patients who received TPT from 2023 to 2024 were collected across the three provinces. A Firth’s penalized maximum likelihood estimation approach was used to identify the influencing factors associated with TPT completion. Results From 2021 to 2024, a total of 214 803 individuals received TPT, with annual numbers of 37 419, 37 514, 52 836, and 87 034, respectively. Between 2022 and 2024, a total of 137 891 individuals received short-course regimens, corresponding to 29 723, 41 623, and 66 545 individuals per year. From 2021 to 2023, a total of 88 670 individuals completed the TPT, with completion rates of 60.86%, 65.71%, and 78.06%, respectively. Among those who received TPT between 2022 and 2024, the highest proportion were students with close contact (42.06%, 74 605/177 384), and the highest utilization rate of the short-course regimen was among newly infected individuals in detention facilities (93.14%, 2 824/3 032). The top three provinces for TPT uptake from 2021 to 2024 were Sichuan (n=20 265; 9.43%), Guizhou (n=18 631; 8.67%), and Jiangsu (n=17 839; 8.30%). From 2022 to 2024, 19 provinces achieved a short-course utilization rate above 80.00%, with the highest in Hainan (99.57%, 689/692). In terms of the survey on influencing factors of TPT completion status, relevant data were collected from 853 cases of LTBI patients who received TPT, among whom 792 cases completed the full course, resulting in an overall completion rate of 92.85%. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that individuals receiving TPT at grassroots medical institutions had higher completion rates than those at disease prevention and control centers (OR=4.90, 95%CI: 1.32-18.05). Additionally, the course completion rate was significantly higher for the TPT regimen using Vaccae than for 3H2P2 (OR=4.86, 95%CI: 1.03-27.14). Conclusion In recent years, China has made substantial progress in scaling up TPT, with rapid expansion of short-course regimens. However, considerable disparities persist across regions and populations. Future efforts should focus on further expanding TPT coverage, optimizing the promotion mechanisms for the short-course regimen, and enhancing the accessibility, standardization, and adherence to TPT. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status, challenges and perspectives on preventive treatment for latent tuberculosis infection in China XU Caihong, LI Jinhao, WEN Yaxin, ZHAO Yanlin Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2025, 23 (6): 319-323.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.06.001 Abstract （1529）   HTML （38）    PDF （1038KB）（453）       Knowledge map    Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health challenge. Individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) constitute a substantial reservoir of potential future TB cases. Without effective interventions, this reservoir will persistently bring about new TB cases, sustaining the high TB epidemic. Both the World Health Organization and the United Nations High-Level Meeting on Tuberculosis have emphasized tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) as a cornerstone to end the tuberculosis epidemic. The National Tuberculosis Prevention and Control Plan (2024-2030), released in November 2024, has listed TPT as a key measure and required that the TPT rate for LTBI population among close contacts of tuberculosis patients should reach 80% and above by 2030. Currently, China faces numerous challenges in TPT, including insufficient funding, lower awareness among the public and healthcare workers, poor adherence among infected individuals, and the need for innovation in both infection detection technologies and preventive treatment regimens. Future efforts should focus on increasing financial investment, developing tailored TPT clinics to improve accessibility, strengthening health workers’ training and health promotion for infected individuals to boost TPT acceptance and adherence, and promoting research on innovative diagnostic technologies and shorter regimens to advance the rapid scale-up of TPT, so as to accelerate the decline of the TB epidemic, and ultimately contribute to achieving the goal to end TB throughout China. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis patients complicated with diabetes in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2018 to 2024 ZULIHUMAER Aierken, KAILIBINU’ER Wumaier, GUZALINU’ER Aizezi, MAIWULAN Parehati, DONG Xiao, WANG Mingzhe, LIU Nianqiang Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2025, 23 (6): 348-352.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.06.006 Abstract （1474）   HTML （26）    PDF （1762KB）（248）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis with diabetes mellitus (PTB-DM) patients in Xinjiang for a scientific basis for following prevention and treatment of PTB-DM patients in the region. Methods The information of PTB-DM patients in Xinjiang from 2018 to 2024 were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics, and logistic regression model was used to identify influencing factors for PTB-DM. Results From 2018 to 2024, a total of 8 533 PTB-DM patients were registered in Xinjiang, accounting for 3.89% (8 533/219 199) of all pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases. The proportion was increased from 0.81% (593/72 786) in 2018 to 10.42% (1 807/17 338) in 2024. By temporal distribution, more cases were registered from March to May (n=2 896; 33.94%). Geographically, the highest number of cases was reported in Kashgar area (n=2 667), and Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture had the highest proportion of PTB-DM among PTB patients (14.77%). By population distribution, there were 4 611 males and 3 922 females (sex ratio 1.18∶1). The majority of cases were in patients aged ≥60 years (n=4 901; 57.44%), and the predominant occupation was associated with farmers (n=5 294; 62.04%). Among the patients, there were a relatively large number of etiologically positive cases (n=6 310; 73.95%). The majority of cases were identified through clinical symptomatic visits (n=6 673; 78.20%), and local residents (n=8 236; 96.52%) and treatment-naive patients (n=7 177; 84.11%) were predominant. In the PTB patients, higher proportions of PTB-DM were observed in the 31-59 age group (4.63%), retirees (15.79%), bacteriologically positive cases (6.18%), active screening cases (7.11%), floating residents (5.76%), and treatment-naive cases (4.01%). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the population aged 31-59 years old and ≥60 years old (OR=11.360, 95%CI: 9.296-13.882; OR=9.584, 95%CI: 7.830-11.732), those with a retired occupation (OR=1.761, 95%CI: 1.458-2.128) had a higher probability of developing PTB-DM. Conclusion The proportion of PTB-DM in Xinjiang is generally on the rise, with a relatively higher number of patients in the southern region. Middle-aged and elderly people, as well as retired individuals, had a higher probability of comorbidity. It is recommended to strengthen the bidirectional screening of PTB-DM in key areas and populations to achieve early detection and treatment of the disease. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on dengue fever epidemic characteristics in Yunnan Province LU Na, ZHENG Yuting, ZHOU Hongning Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2025, 23 (6): 373-381.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.06.011 Abstract （1464）   HTML （17）    PDF （1185KB）（1158）       Knowledge map    Dengue fever is an acute infectious disease caused by the bite of mosquitoes of Aedes albopictus or Aedes aegypti that carries dengue virus, and it is widely prevalent in the tropical and subtropical areas. In Yunnan, the first case of dengue fever was reported in 1975, and in 2013, the first outbreak triggered by imported cases occurred in the China-Myanmar and China-Laos border areas. By summarizing and analyzing the research findings pertinent to the distribution characteristics of the reported dengue fever cases, etiological features, and transmission vectors in Yunnan Province in recent years, this paper has basically clarified the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in the province, thereby providing a reference for prevention and control of dengue fever in the future in Yunnan. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The registration status of asymptomatic tuberculosis among children aged 0-14 years in China from 2021 to 2024 GE Fangjun, WEN Yaxin, LI Jinhao, XU Caihong Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2025, 23 (6): 335-340.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.06.004 Abstract （1453）   HTML （19）    PDF （1693KB）（292）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the registration status of asymptomatic tuberculosis among children aged 0-14 years in China from 2021 to 2024 for evidence to optimize tuberculosis prevention and control strategies for children. Methods The data on tuberculosis cases with documented information in the symptom field across the country from 2021 to 2024 were retrieved from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of asymptomatic tuberculosis cases among children aged 0-14 years across time, region, and population. Results From 2021 to 2024, a total of 3 344 asymptomatic tuberculosis cases in children aged 0-14 were enrolled in this study. The month with the highest cumulative number of registered asymptomatic tuberculosis cases among children was September (498 cases, 14.89%), while February had the lowest number (137 cases, 4.10%). By age distribution, asymptomatic tuberculosis in children was dominated by those aged 10-14 years (2 772 cases, 82.89%). The number of registered cases in males and females was 1 558 and 1 786, respectively, with a sex ratio of 0.87∶1. A total of 2 095 cases registered were from the Han ethnic group (62.65%), while ethnic minorities accounted for 1 249 cases (37.35%). The top three ethnic minorities with the highest cumulative registered cases were the Yi ethnic group (429 cases), Tibetan ethnic group (330 cases), and Miao ethnic group (123 cases). The cumulative registered cases in the eastern, central, and western regions were 531 (15.88%), 619 (18.51%), and 2 194 (65.61%), respectively. The top three provinces with the highest cumulative registered cases were Sichuan (748 cases), Guizhou (508 cases), and Yunnan (365 cases). The primary sources of case registering were contact tracing (1 183 cases, 35.38%) and referrals (1 086 cases, 32.48%). Conclusion Currently, asymptomatic tuberculosis among children in China predominantly occurred in the those aged 10-14 years, with majority of the cases observed in the western regions. In the future, it is essential to further strengthen prevention and control efforts in the western region, enhance the intensity of active screening, and improve standardized medication and management of children with asymptomatic tuberculosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The registration status of asymptomatic tuberculosis among population aged 65 and above in China from 2021 to 2024 WEN Yaxin, LI Jinhao, GE Fangjun, HU Dongmei, XU Caihong Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2025, 23 (6): 330-334.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.06.003 Abstract （1436）   HTML （11）    PDF （1430KB）（324）       Knowledge map    Objective To understand the registration status of the elderly asymptomatic tuberculosis patients across the country, so as to provide a reference for prevention and control of asymptomatic tuberculosis in this population group. Methods The data on elderly tuberculosis patients with documented information in the symptom field across the country from 2021 to 2024 were retrieved from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the registration situation of the aged asymptomatic tuberculosis patients, and the case data were compared between the elderly asymptomatic tuberculosis patients and symptomatic tuberculosis patients. Results From 2021 to 2024, a total of 314 725 elderly tuberculosis patients nationwide were enrolled in this study, among whom 38 915 were asymptomatic elderly tuberculosis patients, accounting for 12.36%. By temporal distribution, the number of elderly asymptomatic tuberculosis patients registered was the highest in August (n=3 937; 10.12%) and the lowest in February (n=2 292; 5.89%). In terms of population distribution, males (n=27 456; 70.55%), population at the 65-69 age group (n=13 962; 35.88%) and farmers (n=26 831; 68.95%) were dominant in the elderly asymptomatic tuberculosis patients registered. The number of elderly asymptomatic tuberculosis patients among retirees (16.58%) and those who moved from other provinces (20.49%) accounted for a relatively high proportion of the total number of elderly tuberculosis patients registered. By regional distribution, the number of elderly asymptomatic tuberculosis patients registered was the highest in the central regions (n=14 693; 37.76%), and the proportion of asymptomatic tuberculosis patients among elderly tuberculosis patients was the lowest in the western regions (9.96%, 13 002/130 593). In terms of case characteristics, the proportions of initial treatment, comorbidities of diabetes, mental illness and HIV/AIDS, and active detection were all higher in asymptomatic elderly tuberculosis patients than in symptomatic ones (91.91% vs. 89.54%; 13.90% vs. 10.35%, 0.20% vs. 0.11%, 0.56% vs. 0.46%; 7.00% vs. 2.80%, respectively). Additionally, the active detection rate of elderly patients with asymptomatic tuberculosis accounted for a relatively high percentage (26.07%) among the total registered elderly tuberculosis patients. Conclusion The differences exist in the registration proportions of elderly asymptomatic tuberculosis in China across different populations, regions, and case characteristics. In the future, effective measures should be taken to strengthen the active detection of the aged patients with asymptomatic tuberculosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological characteristics and surveillance analysis of human brucellosis in Anhui Province from 2015 to 2024 CHEN Xiuzhi, CHEN Qingqing, CHU Na, SUN Yong, WANG Min, LI Qing, ZHU Qingqing, WU Jiabing, GONG Lei Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2025, 23 (6): 363-368.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.06.009 Abstract （1405）   HTML （24）    PDF （2170KB）（308）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and surveillance results of human brucellosis in Anhui Province from 2015 to 2024 for reference for brucellosis control. Methods The information of brucellosis cases and public health emergencies in Anhui Province from 2015 to 2024 was collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and serological surveillance data of key populations of brucellosis were collected. The epidemiological characteristics and monitoring results were described and analyzed. Results A total of 2 335 cases of brucellosis were reported in Anhui Province from 2015 to 2024. The average annual reported incidence rate was 0.38 per 100 000 population, with the highest in 2024 (0.70 per 100 000). The disease predominantly occurred from March to August (accounting for 65.31%, 1 525/2 335). Geographically, the average annual reported incidence rates in northern, central and southern Anhui were 0.53, 0.50 and 0.07 per 100 000 population, respectively. The average annual reported incidence rate was higher in males (0.52 per 100 000) than in females (0.24 per 100 000). The highest reported incidence rate was observed in the 50-59 age group (0.85 per 100 000). By occupation distribution, farmers/livestock farmers constituted the majority, accounting for 71.95% (1 680/2 335) of cases. The primary animal in contact was sheep (87.31%, 1 624/1 860), and the main exposure routes were feeding/herding and slaughtering (84.57%, 1 573/1 860). From 2015 to 2024, a total of 28 public health emergencies of brucellosis were reported, involving 82 cases, and most of these incidents (22 in total) occurred among rural livestock farmers. From 2015 to 2024, a total of 6 374 key personnel engaged in breeding/grazing, slaughtering and other related activities were surveyed across four surveillance sites in Suzhou City, Huaibei City, Fuyang City and Bozhou City, with 167 positive cases. The results indicated that the positive rate was 2.62% on average, and varied among different surveillance sites (χ2=174.950, P<0.001). Conclusion In recent years, brucellosis incidence in Anhui Province has shown a significant increase, particularly among middle-aged and older farmers and herders. It is recommended to strengthen the inter-agency collaboration mechanism for brucellosis prevention and control, enhance the management and quarantine of cattle and sheep farming in rural areas, and implement comprehensive interventions targeting high-risk occupational groups to reduce their risks of infection. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Acceptance and influencing factors of latent tuberculosis infection preventive treatment LI Jinhao, HU Dongmei, XIA Lan, WANG Senlu, YANG Rui, XU Caihong Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2025, 23 (6): 341-347.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.06.005 Abstract （1307）   HTML （15）    PDF （952KB）（239）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the acceptance of tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) and its influencing factors among individuals with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), so as to provide evidences for promoting TPT implementation in China. Methods The healthcare institutions were initially selected in seven provinces of China by convenience sampling. Then, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among individuals with LTBI identified through screening from January to December 2023 in the surveyed institutions. Data on demographic characteristics, infection test results, and preventive treatment status were collected. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting TPT acceptance. Results A total of 2 886 participants were included. The overall TPT acceptance rate was 44.98% (1 298/2 886), among whom 1 091 received chemopreventive therapy and 207 received immunoprophylaxis. The results by multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher TPT acceptance were seen in population living in Jiangsu Province, healthcare workers, and victims with general positive findings by tuberculin purified protein derivative test (PPD) (all P<0.05). Contrarily, TPT acceptance were relatively lower in Han ethnicity, population with low immunity and close household contacts of tuberculosis patients, patients received TPT at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) or primary healthcare institutions, and those with moderate positive results by PPD (all P<0.05). The population living in Jiangsu Province, and victims with strong positive PPD results had higher acceptance of chemopreventive therapy (both P<0.05). However, lower acceptance were observed among aged 20-39 years, individuals of Han ethnicity, and those received TPT at CDC or primary healthcare institutions (all P<0.05). Conclusion The current acceptance of TPT among LTBI individuals in China remains suboptimal, with significant variation across population subgroups. In the future, efforts should be made to strengthen health education and improve awareness of TPT among LTBI individuals. Meanwhile, policies should be effectively implemented to establish a supportive social environment and accelerate the progress of prophylactic medication for tuberculosis in China. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment outcomes and influencing factors analysis in rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Chongqing, 2018-2022 LEI Rongrong, WANG Qingya, WU Chengguo, FAN Jun, ZHANG Ya, ZHANG Ting Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2025, 23 (6): 353-357.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.06.007 Abstract （1294）   HTML （18）    PDF （927KB）（218）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the treatment outcome and influencing factors in rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis （RR-PTB） patients in Chongqing area for evidence for local tuberculosis prevention and control. Methods The medical record information of RR-PTB cases registered in Chongqing from 2018 to 2022 was retrieved from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the registration, treatment inclusion and treatment outcome of RR-PTB patients, and logistic regression analysis was applied to identify the influencing factors associated with successful treatment. Results In total, 3 925 RR-PTB patients were registered in Chongqing from 2018 to 2022. Of RR-PTB cases, 2 876 were males and 1 049 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.74∶1. The average age was (46.99±17.63) years. Majority of the patients were farmers, homemakers and unemployed persons, who accounted for 37.32% (1 465/3 925) and 36.84% (1 446/3 925) respectively. The Han ethnicity was predominant, accounting for 91.11% (3 576/3 925). During 2018 and 2022, the RR-PTB patient registration rate was 2.50 per 100 000 population, the treatment enrollment rate, successful treatment rate among enrolled patients were 94.32% (3 702/3 925) and 64.72% (2 396/3 702), respectively. The results of multivariate logistic analysis showed that among RR-PTB patients, being female (OR=1.701, 95%CI: 1.420-2.037), living in the Wuling mountain area of southeast Chongqing (OR=1.454, 95%CI: 1.172-1.804), and having the initial diagnosis at a drug-resistant tuberculosis designated medical institution (OR=1.473, 95%CI: 1.263-1.718) were protective factors for successful treatment. Age groups of 45-54 years old, 55-64 years old, and ≥65 years old (OR=0.569, 95%CI: 0.413-0.784; OR=0.343, 95%CI: 0.247-0.475; OR=0.182, 95%CI: 0.130-0.253), and occupations of homemakers and unemployed persons, farmers, and others (OR=0.270, 95%CI: 0.151-0.485; OR=0.281, 95%CI: 0.155-0.511; OR=0.328, 95%CI: 0.179-0.599) were risk factors for successful treatment. Conclusion The RR-PTB epidemic situation in Chongqing still faces severe challenges. The success rate of treatment needs to be further enhanced. It is suggested to optimize the screening process for drug resistance and the referral procedures among diagnosis and treatment institutions, with a focus on farmers, men, and middle-aged and elderly individuals. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The current status of drug resistance and its influencing factors among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Sichuan Province LEI Hui, GAO Yuan, ZHANG Shu, HE Lu, WANG Weina, GAO Wenfeng, HE Jinge, XIA Lan Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2025, 23 (6): 358-362.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.06.008 Abstract （1202）   HTML （20）    PDF （985KB）（218）       Knowledge map    Objective To understand the current status of drug resistance to commonly used anti-tuberculosis drugs in pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Sichuan Province for reference for following precise prevention and control of drug-resistant tuberculosis. Methods Mycobacterium culture-positive patients enrolled in the Tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance Program of Sichuan Province from January to December 2024 were selected as study subjects. The types, categories, and spectra of drug resistance to six common anti-tuberculosis drugs, including isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RFP), levofloxacin (LFX), moxifloxacin (MFX), bedaquiline (BDQ), and linezolid (LZD), were sorted out, and the factors for drug-resistant tuberculosis were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression model. Results Among 1 388 patients, the overall drug resistance rate was 20.97% (291/1 388). The drug resistance rate in newly treated patients was 19.87% (253/1 273), which was significantly lower than that of retreated patients (33.04%, 38/115). The drug resistance rates to six common anti-tuberculosis drugs, ranking from the highest to the lowest, were as follows: INH (11.60%, 161/1 388), LFX (9.37%, 130/1 388), MFX (9.08%, 126/1 388), RFP (5.48%, 76/1 388), BDQ (2.23%, 31/1 388), and LZD (1.51%, 21/1 388). The most prevalent drug resistance profile was LFX+MFX, with a resistance rate being 6.05% (84/1 388). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the patients with retreatment (OR=1.880, 95%CI: 1.228-2.837) or diagnosis delay ≥14 days (OR=1.423, 95%CI: 1.036-1.938) had a significantly higher risk to develop drug resistance, whereas those with negative smears (OR=0.718, 95%CI: 0.549-0.936) had a lower risk of developing drug resistance. Conclusion At present, the drug resistance to INH and fluoroquinolones (FQs) among pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Sichuan Province was relatively serious, and the risks of developing drug resistance is higher in patients with retreatment and delayed diagnosis. The findings suggest that it is imperative to strengthen the standardized management of retreated pulmonary tuberculosis patients, improve the timeliness and accuracy of clinical diagnosis and treatment, so as to effectively control the occurrence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Sichuan Province. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological characteristics and etioloty of other infectious diarrhea in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2015 to 2024 CHEN Haodong, ZHAO Junling, DONG Yan, LIU Wanli, NUERBIYA Aierken, GUO Rong Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2026, 24 (1): 25-29.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.005 Abstract （1135）   HTML （15）    PDF （3225KB）（1016）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for a scientific basis for the formulating prevention and control measures in the local area. Methods The case data of other infectious diarrhea in Xinjiang from 2015 to 2024 were obtained from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, regional and population distribution as well as the pathogens in the reported cases. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the changing trend of incidence. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time series model was constructed to predict the incidence of other infectious diarrhea in Xinjiang in 2025. Results From 2015 to 2024, a total of 111 773 cases of other infectious diarrhea were reported in Xinjiang, with an average annual incidence rate of 44.34 per 100 000. The Joinpoint regression model showed that the overall trend of the reported incidence rate from 2015 to 2024 was not statistically significant (AAPC=-2.97%, 95%CI: -11.22%-9.83%, t=-1.27, P>0.05), yet a downward trend from 2015 to 2022 was observed (APC=-8.15%, 95%CI: -15.28%-0.41%, t=-2.70, P<0.05). There were 61 812 male cases and 49 961 female cases, with a sex ratio of 1.24∶1. The average annual reported incidence rates for males and females were 46.29 and 39.98 per 100 000, respectively. The age group mainly concentrated in those 5 years old and under (n=73 475; 65.74%). The majority of the cases were in children living at home (n=69 254; 61.96%),followed by farmers (n=14 718; 13.17%). The cases were most reported from May to August (n=53 656; 48.00%). The top three regions with the highest reported incidence rates were Urumqi City (85.34 per 100 000), Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture (69.56 per 100 000), and Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture (59.78 per 100 000). A total of 20 110 cases were diagnosed with a clear pathogen, with viruses being the major pathogen (18 855 cases, 93.76%), in which rotavirus infection accounted for 82.09% (16 508 cases). The modeling result of the time series analysis was the ARIMA (3, 0, 0) (0, 1, 1)12 model, and the predicted number of reported cases in 2025 (95%CI) was 11 440 (2 966-19 886). Conclusion From 2015 to 2024, the reported incidence rate of other infectious diarrhea in Xinjiang showed an overall trend of decreasing initially and then increasing. The high-incidence season was summer, and infants and children 5 years old and under were the key population for prevention and control. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring and take targeted prevention and control measures for key these population groups. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological and pathogens characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Heilongjiang Province from 2005 to 2024 HUA Hua, BAO Mingjia, WANG Yan, YAN Jun, TANG Lu Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2026, 24 (1): 13-18.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.003 Abstract （1105）   HTML （22）    PDF （5150KB）（765）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the epidemiological and pathogens characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Heilongjiang Province for scientific evidence to formulate prevention and control measures. Methods Surveillance data on other infectious diarrhea and public health emergencies in Heilongjiang Province from January, 2005 to December, 2024 were retrieved from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics by time, region and population as well as the pathogenic spectrum. Software Joinpoint was applied to calculate the average annual percent change (AAPC) for analyzing the trend of the infection. Results A total of 89 461 cases of other infectious diarrhea were reported in Heilongjiang Province from 2005 to 2024, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 12.06 per 100 000 population. The reported incidence showed a downward trend, with AAPC (95%CI) of -2.40% (-4.80% to -0.30%) (t=-2.26, P<0.05). The incidence peaked in 2007 (17.64 per 100 000 population) and was the lowest in 2022 (4.96 per 100 000 population). Two epidemic peaks were observed, during which the peak incidence gradually shifted from June-August in 2005-2012(13 034/39 291; 33.17%) to March-April in 2023-2024(2 129/6 704; 31.76%). There were significant differences in the reported incidence among different prefecture-level cities across the province. The top three cities in average annual incidence were Mudanjiang (26.90 per 100 000), Hegang (17.66 per 100 000), and Harbin (16.19 per 100 000). Of the reported cases, 52 717 were males and 36 744 females. Children under 5 years old accounted for the majority of cases (55 980/89 461; 62.57%), and individual children living at home were the predominant occupation group (55 533/89 461; 62.08%). A total of 3 419 cases had confirmed pathogens, including 3 362 viral infections (98.33%) and 57 bacterial infections (1.67%). Norovirus and rotavirus were the dominant pathogens, with 1 710 cases (50.01%) and 1 558 cases (45.57%), respectively. In total, 30 public health emergencies of other infectious diarrhea were reported from 2005 to 2024, all caused by norovirus, of which 28 (93.33%) occurred in schools/kindergartens. Conclusion The overall incidence of other infectious diarrhea in Heilongjiang Province showed a downward trend from 2005 to 2024. However, the proportion of cases among kindergarten children and students presented an upward trend. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be strengthened in the key settings such as kindergartens and schools to reduce the risk of outbreaks. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiology and pathogen spectrum of other infectious diarrhea in Sichuan Province from 2019 to 2023 DU Yanli, LIU Yaqiong, ZHOU Xingyu, YUAN Heng Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2026, 24 (1): 7-12.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.002 Abstract （1103）   HTML （53）    PDF （722KB）（257）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and pathogen spectrum of other infectious diarrhea in Sichuan Province for scientific evidence for following prevention and control tasks. Methods Data on the cases and etiology of other infectious diarrhea, and public health emergencies (referred to as events for short) in Sichuan Province from 2019 to 2023 were obtained from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and analyzed using descriptive methods. Results A total of 273 653 cases of other infectious diarrhea were reported in Sichuan Province from 2019 to 2023, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 65.41 per 100 000 population, showing an overall upward trend. The incidence showed a bimodal distribution, with peaks in February-March (n=51 161; 18.70%) and June-August (n=83 419; 30.48%). The top 3 cities (prefectures) by cumulative reported cases were Chengdu (n=66 767), Mianyang (n=32 812) and Yibin (n=20 308). The average annual reported incidence rates for males and females were 68.08/10 000 and 62.71/100 000 population, respectively. Population aged ≤4 years were dominant in the reported cases (n=156 217; 57.09%), and the children living at home were most involved (n=139 372; 50.93%). Among the 32 057 cases with confirmed etiological diagnosis, 86.48% (n=27 722) were viral diarrhea, with rotavirus (n=21 425) being the main pathogen. 12.96% of the reported cases (n=4 155) were bacterial diarrhea, with non-typhoidal Salmonella (n=2 776) as the predominant pathogen. A total of 23 other infectious diarrhea events were reported, most of which occurred in schools and kindergartens (19 events). The main route was person-to-person transmission (17 events), and all pathogens were associated with norovirus. Conclusion Individual children under 5 years old living at home are the key population for prevention and control of other infectious diarrhea in Sichuan Province, and schools and nurseries are the major settings for outbreaks of other infectious diarrhea. In the future, it is necessary to further strengthen monitoring and early warning, health education and promotion, improve the rotavirus vaccination rate in the population, enhance the public’s awareness of disease prevention, and effectively reduce the incidence of the disease. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemic characteristics and spatial autocorrelation of other infectious diarrhea in Liaoning Province from 2015 to 2024 WANG Zhouchao, JIN Meiling, SONG Ge, SUN Sinong, MAO Lingling, SUN Yingwei Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2026, 24 (1): 19-24.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.004 Abstract （1088）   HTML （27）    PDF （2328KB）（566）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial aggregation of other infectious diarrhea in Liaoning Province from 2015 to 2024 for a reference in prevention and control of this disease. Methods The data on the incidence of other infectious diarrhea in Liaoning Province from 2015 to 2024 were obtained through the Infectious Disease Surveillance System under the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the temporal trends of incidence rate, and spatial autocorrelation analysis and SaTScan spatio-temporal scan statistic were used to examine the spatial aggregation. Results A total of 156 255 cases of other infectious diarrhea were reported in Liaoning Province from 2015 to 2024, with an average annual incidence rate of 36.24/100 000. The yearly incidence rate fluctuated between 16.55/100 000 and 51.93/100 000 from 2015 to 2024. Joinpoint regression analysis indicated no clear trend for the incidence rate between 2015 and 2018 (APC=5.49%, 95%CI：-4.34% to 24.54%, P>0.05). The reported incidence rate presented a downward trend during 2018 and 2022 (APC=-23.95%, 95%CI：-36.31% to -17.79%, P<0.05), yet an upward trend from 2022 to 2024 (APC=53.27%, 95%CI：19.18% to 90.59%, P<0.05). By population distribution, 81 479 cases were males, and 74 776 females. The 0-4 age group had the highest incidence rate (322.65/100 000), and the children living at home were most reported (n=40 425; 25.87%). In terms of regional distribution, the top three cities were Benxi (144.24/100 000), Panjin (78.80/100 000), and Fuxin (69.61/100 000) by average annual reported incidence. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the annual Moran’s I index ranged from 0.229 to 0.413 between 2015 and 2024, with a positive spatial correlation observed in each year (all P<0.05). The clustering patterns were dominated by “high-high” and “low-low” clusters. The “high-high” clusters were mainly concentrated in some counties and districts of cities such as Benxi, Shenyang and Fushun. Spatio-temporal scan detected 1 type Ⅰ cluster and 12 type Ⅱ clusters, and the type Ⅰ cluster was seen during 2015 and 2019, highly consistent with the “high-high” clusters in coverage area. Conclusion Other infectious diarrhea in Liaoning Province from 2015 to 2024 presented spatiotemporal clustering. The high-risk populations were children aged 4 years and below and farmers. Our findings suggest that following prevention and control efforts should be targeted at the key regions and populations, as well as strengthening surveillance and early warning. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological characteristic of hepatitis C in Hefei City from 2015 to 2024 DONG Tingli, LI Wei, YAO Hui, FENG Jinbao, SUN Jing, SUN Xin, TENG Ying, YU Xuemin, ZHANG Linlin, HU Zhongwang Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2025, 23 (6): 369-372.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.06.010 Abstract （1068）   HTML （15）    PDF （1361KB）（335）       Knowledge map    Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis C in Hefei area in recent years for scientific basis in local prevention and treatment of hepatitis C. Methods The case data of hepatitis C patients with current address in Hefei from 2015 to 2024 were obtained from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis C patients in Hefei area. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of incidence, and the annual percent change (APC) and the average annual percent change (AAPC) were calculated. Results From 2015 to 2024, a total of 5 868 hepatitis C cases were reported in Hefei, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 6.84/100 000. The overall incidence rate showed a downward trend, and the AAPC was -7.47% (95%CI:-9.87% - -5.01%) (t=-5.80, P<0.001). During that period, the APC was 5.41% (95%CI: 1.14% - 9.87%) (t=5.48, P<0.05) from 2015 to 2019, and -26.51% from 2022 to 2024 (95%CI:-37.36% - -13.77%) (t=-8.29, P<0.05). From 2015 to 2024, the majority of hepatitis C cases in Hefei were confirmed cases (n=3 328; 56.71%). Of the reported cases, 3 095 were males, and 2 773 females, with a sex ratio of 1.12∶1. The cases were mainly reported in the age group of 50 years and above (n=3 534; 60.22%). The occupation was primarily involved in farmers (n=1 918; 32.69%) and housework and unemployed (n=1 705; 29.06%). Hepatitis C cases were reported throughout the year in Hefei area, with the highest number of cases reported in March (n=578; 9.85%). The top three counties with the highest incidence rates were Luyang (9.59/100 000), Feixi (9.02/100 000) and Yaohai (8.58/100 000). A total of 380 hepatitis C cases were detected for genotypes, which was dominated by genotype 1b (n=279; 73.42%). Conclusion The overall reported incidence of hepatitis C in Hefei area showed a downward trend, and the highest incidence was seen in Luyang district. Men, middle-aged and elderly people and farmers were high-risk groups. By these findings, it is necessary to strengthen the surveillance and health education in key areas and populations in following tasks. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological characteristics and trends of syphilis in Wuhu City from 2015 to 2024 TAO Jin, ZHANG Jing, DOU Zhengdong, ZHANG Xieyu, TAO Xianqing, FANG Yanjiao Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2026, 24 (1): 41-46.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.008 Abstract （973）   HTML （28）    PDF （956KB）（2213）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis infection in Wuhu City after expanded screening of syphilis in 2015 for evidence to optimize the prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of syphilis cases in Wuhu City maintained from 2015 to 2024 were retrieved through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The epidemiological characteristics were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method, the Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of incidence, and the correlation between expanded screening and case report was analyzed as well. Results From 2015 to 2024, the total number of syphilis serological screening in Wuhu City was 2 793 280, and the number of double positive rate was 27 837. A total of 22 688 syphilis cases were reported, with an average annual reported incidence of 60.86/100 000 population. In total, 18 108 cases of latent syphilis (79.81%), 4 348 cases of primary and secondary syphilis (19.16%), 179 cases of tertiary syphilis (0.79%), and 53 cases of congenital syphilis (0.23%) were reported. Cases were reported in each month, without typical seasonal patterns. The number of reported cases were 11 454 for males and 11 234 for females. The average annual reported incidence rates were 60.36/100 000 and 61.38/100 000, respectively. The highest incidence was seen in the age group ≥65 years (110.87/100 000), and the highest number of reported cases were in housewife and unemployed individuals (n=8 531; 37.60%), followed by farmers (n=7 066; 31.14%). The number of reported cases in Jinghu District ranked the first in the city (n=4 226; 18.63%). On the incidence trend, the reported incidence of syphilis as well as primary and secondary syphilis showed a downward trend (AAPC=-1.22%, t=-2.74, P<0.05; AAPC=-20.10%, t=-7.46, P<0.001, respectively), yet latent syphilis showed an upward trend (AAPC=5.90%, t= 3.55, P<0.001). Among different populations, the reported incidence of syphilis in the 15-24 age group showed upward trend in 2017-2024 (APC=10.12%，t=2.61，P<0.05), while the 25-34 age group exhibited a downward trend (AAPC=-10.89%, t=-13.80, P<0.001). The 55-64 age group presented an upward trend in 2015-2021 (APC=4.93%, t=6.64, P<0.05), yet a downward trend in 2021-2024 (APC=-8.54%, t=-4.16, P<0.05). In different regions, the reported incidence of syphilis exhibited a downward trend overall in Yijiang District (AAPC=-7.11%, t=-6.23, P<0.001) and Fanchang District (AAPC=-4.27%, t=-3.21, P<0.05). Although the reported incidence tended to rise in Wanzhi District in 2015-2019 (APC=10.68%, t=3.29, P<0.05), yet showed a downward trend in 2019-2024 (APC=-5.87%, t=-2.77, P<0.05). The number of screening and double-positive was positively correlated with the number of latent syphilis reports (r=0.693, 0.754; both P<0.05), and negatively correlated with the number of primary and secondary syphilis reports (r=-0.976, -0.830; both P<0.05). Conclusion The reported incidence of syphilis in Wuhu area showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2024, with a significant decrease in early active syphilis. The elderly aged 65 and above, homemakers and unemployed individuals, as well as farmers, are key populations for prevention and control. The increase of latent syphilis reports was closely related to expanded screening. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the epidemic status, diagnosis, treatment and control measures of Chikungunya fever ZHANG Liqin, GONG Lei, LIU Yaqian, DAI Yanni, GENG Haoxiang, MENG Meng, WU Jiabing Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2026, 24 (1): 58-64.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.011 Abstract （929）   HTML （20）    PDF （946KB）（1789）       Knowledge map    Chikungunya fever is an acute mosquito-borne infection caused by the Chikungunya virus and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. To date, the disease has been reported in 119 countries and regions worldwide. Imported cases have been recorded in 16 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China. The important clinical manifestations of this infection include sudden onset of fever, skin rash, and joint pain, while some patients may experience atypical symptoms such as neurological involvement. As the disease is generally infectious to the population, and vaccines have not yet been widely administered worldwide, prevention and control of it mainly rely on comprehensive preventive measures in current stage. This article reviews the etiological characteristics, global epidemiology, epidemic process, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment, and prevention and control strategies of Chikungunya fever, with an attempt to provide references for responding to its spread and outbreaks. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prevention, control and reflections on the imported and emerging trypanosomiasis in China HUANG Lirong, SHEN Yong, WU Di, LIU Qin Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2026, 24 (1): 1-6.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.001 Abstract （836）   HTML （29）    PDF （971KB）（4904）       Knowledge map    Trypanosomiasis is a rare neglected tropical disease. China is beyond the endemic region for human trypanosomiasis. Nevertheless, multiple cases of imported human trypanosomiasis and locally acquired animal-borne trypanosomiasis have been reported in China in recent years. With the spread of American trypanosomiasis worldwide and cross-species infection of animal trypanosomiasis, trypanosomiasis is gradually becoming a non-negligible public health concern. This article provides an overview of the major human trypanosomiasis and the diagnosis and treatment processes of cases of imported and emerging trypanosomiasis in China, as well as a review of recent efforts to combat trypanosomiasis in China, aiming to provide a reference for the prevention and control of trypanosomiasis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular epidemiological related research on Cryptosporidium infection in children under 5 years old with diarrhea in a hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region LIANG Ru, ZHANG Liang, GUO Wenhui, XUE Xinyu, LI Ruifeng Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2026, 24 (1): 30-35.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.006 Abstract （806）   HTML （9）    PDF （1956KB）（524）       Knowledge map    Objective To understand the molecular epidemiological characteristics of Cryptosporidium infection in children 5 years old and under with diarrhea in a hospital in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for a reference in prevention and control of this infection in the local area. Methods The fecal samples were obtained from children 5 years old and under with diarrhea who were treated at the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital during September 2021 and August 2022. The 18S rRNA gene fragment of Cryptosporidium was amplified using nested PCR to investigate the infection status of this protozoan parasite. Homology analysis was performed based on the 18S rRNA gene sequence and a phylogenetic tree for the species identified was constructed. The gene subtypes were further identified based on the gp60 gene locus. Results A total of 1 292 fecal samples were collected from the diarrheic children, in which 156 samples were positive for Cryptosporidium 18S rRNA gene sequencing, with a positive rate of 12.07%. The positive rate was 13.37% (92/688) for boys and 10.60% (64/604) for girls. The difference was insignificant (χ2=2.335, P>0.05). Children aged 1-3 years had the highest positive rate (15.70%，81/516), the difference was statistically significant between groups (χ2=12.620, P<0.05). The positive rate was higher in the children with diarrhea living in the suburban and rural counties than that of those from urban areas (15.66%, 62/396 vs. 10.49%, 94/896), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.902, P<0.05). Positive cases were detected in all months, with December having the highest positivity rate (17.81%, 13/73). All positive samples were identified as Cryptosporidium parvum through homology analysis, and the phylogenetic tree showed clustering with reference strains of Cryptosporidium parvum in the same branch. Based on the gp60 gene, five subtypes were detected, including ⅡdA23G3, ⅡdA24G3, ⅡdA24G4, ⅡdA25G3, and ⅡdA25G4, with ⅡdA25G3 being the dominant subtype (42.95%, 67/156). The phylogenetic tree revealed that these five subtypes formed independent evolutionary branches and clustered with known Ⅱd subtypes of Cryptosporidium parvum in the same branch. Conclusion The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection among local children with diarrhea is relatively high. Children aged 3 years and under are the key target population, and suburban counties are the important regions of concern. The prevalent species is Cryptosporidium parvum, with ⅡdA25G3 being the dominant subtype. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical characteristics of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection in 6 cases WANG Yajiao, ZHANG Manqing, XIANG Qun, WU Na Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2026, 24 (1): 54-57.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.010 Abstract （748）   HTML （11）    PDF （3662KB）（2706）       Knowledge map    Objective To summarize the clinical features and treatment experience of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection for a reference in the diagnosis and treatment of this chronic infection. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data including general conditions, clinical manifestations, findings of laboratory tests, pathogen detection and imaging examination, treatment and prognosis from the patients with Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection admitted to Haikou People’s Hospital during January 2018 and September 2024. Results Six patients with Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection were included. All patients were males, farmers, aged ranging from 53 to 78 years old. Five of them had underlying diseases, including 2 cases with long-term use of glucocorticoids and 1 case with long-term use of antineoplastic agents. The clinical manifestations were dominated by cough and expectoration, accompanied by fever, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. The main complications were respiratory failure and septic shock. Laboratory studies revealed that serum albumin levels were all decreased in the six patients, in whom elevated eosinophils counts were seen in two, and decreased eosinophils count was observed in one. Strongyloides stercoralis were detected in both sputum and feces in 6 patients, and also in gastric juice in 1 patient. Chest CT revealed multiple or scattered exudative lesions in both lungs in the 6 patients. Two patients were treated with albendazole combined with levamisole, improved and discharged, and were cured at 1-month follow-up. Another 4 patients received single albendazole, with failed control of the condition. They were discharged against medical advice, and died at 1-month follow-up. Conclusion Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection commonly occurs in immunocompromised individuals, with gastrointestinal and pulmonary symptoms as the main manifestations and a poor prognosis. Combined medication may lead to a better therapeutic effect, and early pathogen detection and standardized treatment are crucial for improving prognosis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics