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Epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies caused by other infectious diarrhea in China from 2017 to 2021 REN Jing-huan, WANG Rui Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (1): 1-6.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.01.001 Abstract （1260）   HTML （127）    PDF （1213KB）（1191）       Knowledge map    Objective To understand the occurrence and epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies caused by other infectious diarrhea in China, so far as to provide evidence for early warning and effective control of such events. Methods The data on other infectious diarrhea were retrieved through National Report Management Information System of Public Health Emergency reported from 2017 to 2021, and analyzed for the epidemiological characteristics using descriptive epidemiology. Results In total, 2 360 other infectious diarrhea events were reported between 2017 and 2021 in 28 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government), which involved 90 689 cases and 5 deaths. Other infectious diarrhea was highly prevalent in winter and spring season, and respectively peaked during November and December and following March. Most incidents and cases were reported in Zhejiang, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Chongqing, Fujian, Shandong, Anhui, Guangxi, Hunan and Hubei provinces. The pathogen responsible for other infectious diarrhea was clearly identified in 2 269 events, which accounted for 95.7% (2 171/2 269) of the events caused by virus infection. 3.7% (84/2 269) and 0.6% (14/2 269) were caused by bacterial infection and mixed virus/bacteria infection, respectively. Norovirus infection accounted for 93.5% (2 122/2 269) of all other infectious diarrhea with definite pathogens. Contact transmission via daily activities, intake of the contaminated food and drinking water were mainly responsible for other infectious diarrhea events, and the events caused by life-contact transmission account for the highest proportion (51.0%, 1 204/2 360). Schools as well as kindergartens, were the main places where other infectious diarrhea occurred, with a total of 2 163 cases reported. Conclusion Other infectious diarrhea events tends to be upward trend in China in recent years. The major pathogen is associated with norovirus, schools and kindergartens are the main places where it occurs. Implementation of health supervision in key places such as schools and health education for the key population, strengthening the management of food safety and drinking water hygiene, improving the epidemiological investigation and etiological diagnosis of other infectious diarrhea as well as the level of event monitoring report can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of such events. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemic status and prevention and control progress of cryptosporidiosis in China WANG Xu, SHEN Yu-juan, CAO Jian-ping Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (3): 136-148.   Abstract （1153）      PDF （1049KB）（4242）       Knowledge map    Protozoa of Cryptosporidium spp. can be transmitted through the activities of humans and animals, causing human cryptosporidiosis, which was considered as one of the six most important pathogens of diarrhea in the world. It is a great threat to children and immunocompromised people, and may cause outbreak of public health events. However, there are no effective drugs or vaccines for the treatment and prevention of this infection at present. Therefore, the prevention and control of cryptosporidiosis is extremely difficult, and has attracted more and more attention around the world. In this paper, we summarized the situation of cryptosporidium infection in human over 30 years since the first case of cryptosporidiosis was reported in China in 1987, discussed the risk factors of Cryptosporidium transmission such as water and food contamination, infection of domestic animals, and seasonal epidemic situation, and introduced the progress, challenges and strategies of cryptosporidiosis control in China. Based on the existing survey and research results, Cryptosporidium spp. that can infect humans are widely distributed in China, and patients of HIV/AIDS or malignant tumor and drug addicts are susceptible population that call for attention. The main pathogenic species include C. hominis and C. parvum.. Considering the risk factors and prevention and control status of cryptosporidiosis, comprehensive prevention and control strategies should be implemented in terms of monitoring networks, prevention and control measures, technologies, water purification and health education, and the "One Health" public health concept should be practiced in all links of "parasites-humans- reservoir host-environment", so as to achieve effective monitoring and control of cryptosporidiosis in China.  Related Articles | Metrics

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International aid and cooperation in public health of China: Progress and outlook HUANG Lu-lu, DING Wei, LU Shen-ning, et al Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (3): 174-180.   Abstract （1088）      PDF （959KB）（1859）       Knowledge map    International health aid represents an important part in foreign aid and foreign policy of China. With continual improvement in the economic development level and health management capacity over the past seven decades after the founding the of People's Republic of China, China has transformed the benefit of the recipient country to an aid donor. The content and mode of foreign aid have also constantly changed, with the range and extension of aid being further expanded and the ability to participate in global health governance being further enhanced. This article provides an overview on the primary course of China's foreign health service aid, sorts out the major ways and contents and analyzes opportunities and challenges of China's foreign public health aid and cooperation, and puts forward certain suggestions on the cooperation and participation in global public health governance of China.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress, challenges and countermeasures of schistosomiasis control in China CAO Zhi-guo Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (3): 130-135.   Abstract （1075）      PDF （899KB）（2136）       Knowledge map    Schistosomiasis is an important parasitic disease that seriously endangers human health and development of economy and society. It has a long history of prevalence and wide distribution in China. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, great achievements made in the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in China have attracted worldwide attention, and the current epidemic situation has been effectively controlled. However, many difficulties in achieving the elimination goal set forth in the outline of “Healthy China 2030” are waiting to overcome. This paper reviews the major progress of schistosomiasis control in China, analyzes the main challenges faced at present, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures to achieve the goal of elimination as scheduled. Related Articles | Metrics

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Human parasitic diseases and uncommon or rare parasitic diseases in China WU Zhong-dao Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (3): 121-125.   Abstract （1013）      PDF （884KB）（4356）       Knowledge map    China is a country with parasitic diseases being widespread, some of which seriously bring harm to people's health and hinder economic and social development. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Party and the state have attached great importance to the prevention and control of parasitic diseases, and remarkable achievements have been made in the prevention and control of parasitic diseases in China. However, with the increase of international exchanges, the change of ecological environment and the transformation of production and life style, uncommon or rare parasitic diseases occur frequently, which should be deserved great attention. In this paper, the types and classification of parasitic diseases in China were introduced, and the prevalence, prevention and control of common parasitic diseases in China were summarized. The concepts, types and diagnoses of uncommon or rare parasitic diseases were discussed in order to provide reference for colleagues in this field. Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiology and control of soil-transmitted nematodiasis in China QIAN Men-bao, LI Shi-zhu, ZHOU Xiao-nong Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (3): 126-129.   Abstract （990）      PDF （873KB）（1411）       Knowledge map    Soil-transmitted nematodiasis including ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm diseases once caused significant health burden in China. The prevalence of and population with soil-transmitted nematodiasis have decreased drastically, owing to social and economic development, popularization of sanitary toilets, improved supply of clean water and implementation of control measures. In this paper, we reviewed the epidemiology of and control measures for soil-transmitted nematodiasis in China during past 30 years, and put forward suggestions on the key work of soil-transmitted nematodiasis in China in future. In terms of the epidemiological status and characteristics of soil-transmitted nematodiasis in our country, some measure are proposed, including strengthening construction of the surveillance system and implementation of integrated control measures in high endemic areas, and exploration of the strategies for transmission control and interruption in low endemic areas. Related Articles | Metrics

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Current situation and challenges in constructing national research base for parasitic disease prevention and control in China ZHU Ze-lin, TIAN Tian, HAO Yu-wan, et al Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (3): 170-173,180.   Abstract （947）      PDF （877KB）（1398）       Knowledge map    Since 2010, the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research) under the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention has successively set up research bases for the prevention and control of parasitic diseases, including schistosomiasis, malaria and echinococcosis, in order to improve the national capacity and scientific research level of parasitic disease prevention and control in various provinces and explore new strategies and appropriate technologies for the prevention and control of parasitic diseases. This paper reviewed the development of the scientific research base for parasitic disease prevention and control during the 13th Five-Year Plan, summarized the achievements and experience, analyzed the challenges of sustainable development, and put forward specific suggestions for following tasks.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemic status and research progress of babesiosis in China CHEN Mu-xin, XUE Jing-bo, AI Lin, et al Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (3): 149-157.   Abstract （925）      PDF （1301KB）（3041）       Knowledge map    Babesiosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Babesia infection. Babesia is transmitted through tick bites, blood transfusion or organ transplantation, and primarily parasitizes intracellularly in the erythrocytes of humans or other vertebrates. Babesia infecting humans mainly comprises Babesia microti, B. venatorum, B. duncani, B. divergens, etc. Babesiosis distributed worldwidely. This disease occurs more frequently in summer and autumn, yet is a new and rare parasitic disease in China, therefore many patients failed to receive timely treatment due to unavailable sensitive and effective methods for diagnosis of basesiosis in clinic in the past. However, with highly sensitive molecular biology detection techniques being clinically introduced, more cases of babesiosis were identified and reported. This paper reviewed the case reports of human babesiosis in China since 1943, summarized the research progress in diagnosis, treatment and pathogenesis of babesiosis, and analyzed the challenges and prospects for the prevention and control of babesiosis in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the insecticide resistance in the important vector Aedes albopictus of Dengue fever in China LU Na, ZHOU Hong-ning Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (3): 165-169.   Abstract （886）      PDF （948KB）（1754）       Knowledge map    Dengue is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, and represents one of the important public health problems in China. Aedes albopictus as the important vector of dengue fever widely occur in China. Currently, control of the density of Aedes albopictus primarily relies on use of insecticides, however, long-term spraying insecticide may result in drug resistance of Aedes albopictus. This paper reviewed the research progress of Aedes albopictus resistant to the insecticides, including pyrethroids, carbamates and organophosphorus, in recent years, with attempt to provide reference for rational use and formulation of effective strategies and control measures for this vector in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on human Demodex mites and demodicidosis in China ZHAO Ya-e Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (3): 158-164.   Abstract （868）      PDF （993KB）（2746）       Knowledge map    Since Demodex was discovered in 1842 by Simon, human beings have experienced a long process of understanding the pathogenicity of Demodex, particularly, the contribution to the identification as well as prevention and control of demodicidosis by Chinese scholars can't be ignored. In this paper, the research progress in pathogenicity confirmation and pathogenic mechanism, diagnosis and detection, prevalence and control, as well as that at the molecular level of Demodex in China were reviewed, aiming at promoting the development of demodicosis prevention and control in greater extent, in order to reduce the harm of demodicosis to Chinese people, and improve the life quality and happiness index of our population. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of personality traits on stress perception and mental health: based on a survey of carriers with SARS-CoV-2 YANG Jin-sun, ZHANG Ya-li, LI Hui-juan, LIU Zhen-jun, WANG Wen-jie, QUAN Bin, ZHANG Ting Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (1): 44-47.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.01.008 Abstract （784）   HTML （16）    PDF （842KB）（1095）       Knowledge map    Objective To investigate the influence of personality traits on stress perception and mental health in population SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods The subjects with SARS-CoV-2 infection treated in the designated hospitals of Wuhu City and Anqing City of Anhui Province were recruited from March to October of 2022, and undergone survey with general information questionnaire, NEO five factor inventory, symptom check list-90 (SCL-90) and Pressure Perception Scale. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of the score of personality traits on the scores of Symptom Checklist and Stress Perception Scale. Results A total of 130 copies of questionnaires were distributed, in which 118 valid copies were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 90.8%. Of the participants, 85 were men, and 33 were women. The age ranged from 15 to 63 years, with an average being (34.85±10.99) years. One hundred and eight patients had been vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine, and another 10 were not vaccinated. In addition, the 180 participants had no history of mental, neurological or psychological conditions. The average scoring on SCL-90 was 119.25±49.04, of which 22.03% (26/118) of the respondents were screened positive by SCL-90. The scoring on Pressure Perception Scale was 38.91±6.85 on average, of which 34.75% (41/118) respondents had higher pressure perception. Neurotic personality had statistical significance in positive prediction of SCL-90 and stress perception (β= 0.516 and 0.282, both P<0.01). Extraversion, openness and sense of responsibility had statistical significance in the negative prediction of stress perception (β=-0.371, -0.307, -0.477, all P<0.01). Conclusion The problems, including excessive pressure perception and poor mental health, may exist in population with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their personality traits have a certain impact on pressure perception and mental health. Our findings suggest that medical staff should be paid with high attention to their personality traits in a timely manner, and provision with corresponding intervention measures. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Promoting visceral leishmaniasis from control to elimination in China based on One Health approach ZHANG Hong-wei, LIU Ying, YANG Cheng-yun, LU De-ling, QIAN Dan, HE Zhi-quan, WANG Dan Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (4): 181-184.   Abstract （758）      PDF （436KB）（960）       Knowledge map    Visceral leishmaniasis, also known as kala-azar, represents a zoonotic parasitic disease with sandfly as the transmission medium. WHO is advocating an increase to 64（85%） of the number of countries that have achieved the goal of eliminating visceral leishmaniasis as a public health problem by 2030. As one of the zoonosis, the transmission-chain of leishmaniasis is complex. To interrupt transmission from animal hosts to human populations, as well as the establishment of “human-animal-media” co-prevention mechanism is still facing many challenges, which requires cross-sectoral, cross-regional and cross-disciplinary collaboration. The One Health approach, which aims to jointly promote human and animal health, maintain and improve the ecological environment, has advantages in zoonosis prevention and control and can effectively solve this complex public health problem. The aim and strategy for elimination of visceral leishmaniasis according to One Health approach was proposed in this paper, with the role of systematic monitoring and intervention, as well as cross-sectoral, cross-regional and cross-disciplinary collaboration being discussed, in order to provide reference for visceral leishmaniasis control and elimination in our country.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of tea tree oil in the treatment of eye diseases caused by Demodex ZHENG Xin-wu, XIE Si-jian, XIE Wen-jun Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (1): 57-61.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.01.011 Abstract （706）   HTML （28）    PDF （838KB）（2091）       Knowledge map    Ocular Demodex infection can cause discomfort of the ocular surface and a variety of ocular conditions, and the incidence has been increasing in recent years. Tea tree oil and its derivatives not only have significant acaricidal effect, but also have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, and are commonly used in the treatment of Demodex eye disease. Currently, various kinds of preparations from tea tree oil are available, yet the safety and optimal use of the related extract have not been fully clarified. This paper reviewed the mechanism, application, safety and efficacy of tea tree oil in the treatment of Demodex eye conditions, with an attempt to provide reference for clinical use of this extract for ocular Demodex infestation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of dietary structures on intestinal flora in population infected with Trichuris trichura ZHANG Yi-xin, WANG Long-jiang, LIU Jian-cheng, LIU Ping-ping, WANG Yong-bin, XU Yan, YAN Ge, BU Xiu-qin, ZHANG Dian-bo, LI Yue-jin, ZHANG Ben-guang Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (1): 35-43.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.01.007 Abstract （695）   HTML （26）    PDF （4420KB）（1749）       Knowledge map    Objective To investigate the effects of different dietary structures on the intestinal flora in population infected by Trichuris trichura (T. trichura) so as to lay a foundation for studying the relationship between intestinal diseases and diet in patients with T. trichura infection. Methods Thirty-four patients infected by T. trichura were recruited from five towns in Lanshan District, Rizhao City, Shandong Province, and their dietary information was collected and analyzed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing to determine the differences in intestinal flora diversity and species composition among T. trichura infected populations with different dietary structures. Results No association was found between high dietary intake and gut flora Alpha diversity or Beta diversity. The three dietary structures of vegetables, dairy products and meat products were significantly associated with the abundance and composition of intestinal flora.There were three species with significant differences in the intake of different vegetables at the genus level. The relative abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 in the PDV3 group with a daily intake of <300 g was higher than that in PDV1 group with a daily intake of >500 g, and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.211, P<0.05). The relative abundance of Ruminococcus in PDV3 group was significantly lower than that in PDV1 group (t=2.246, P<0.05), whereas the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was lower in PDV3 group than in PDV2 group with daily intake of 300-500 g. The difference was significant (t=2.610, P<0.05). Three species were significantly different in the intake of different dairy products at the genus level. The abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 in PDD2 group with daily intake of 300 g-500 g was higher than that in PDD1 group with daily intake of >500 g(t=3.025, P<0.05), contrarily, the abundance of the Alistipes in PDD3 group with daily intake <300 g was lower than that in PDD1 group (t=3.234, P<0.05). The abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 was significantly lower in PDD3 group than in PDD2 group (t=2.255, P<0.05). Three species with significant differences in the intake of different meat products at the genus level were observed. The abundance of the genus pair of Phascolarctobacterium and Ruminococcus 2 in PDM2 group with a daily intake of 120-200 g was lower than that in the PDM1 group, with significant difference between groups (t=2.672, P<0.05; t=2.731, P<0.05), yet the relative abundance of Dialister in PDM3 group with daily intake <120 g was lower than that in PDM2 group (t=2.402, P<0.05). Conclusion Different dietary structures affected the composition of intestinal flora in whipworm-infected populations. By supplementing the diet with vegetables, dairy products and meat products to reduce harmful bacteria such as Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and increasing beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Alistipes can improve the immunity of the body and reduce or avoid the development of intestinal inflammatory diseases in people with T. trichura infection. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Sichuan Province from 2017 to 2021 HAO Cai-xia, LIU Ya-qiong, LIAO Xue-chun, YUAN Heng Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (1): 7-12.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.01.002 Abstract （692）   HTML （62）    PDF （1005KB）（639）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and the pathogen of other infectious diarrhea in Sichuan Province from 2017 to 2021 for scientific basis for epidemic prevention and control of the infection. Methods The data on the reported cases of other infectious diarrhea for Sichuan Province were collected through the Infectious Disease Surveillance System under the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System from 2017 to 2021, and analyzed using descriptive epidemiology. Results In total, 210 677 cases of other infectious diarrhea were reported in Sichuan Province from 2017 to 2021, with an average annual reported incidence of 50.60/100 000. The annual reported incidence rate was between 42.87/100 000 and 67.71/100 000, and the reported incidence rate showed an overall upward trend (χ2trend=4 926.705, P<0.001). The number of cases reported was 113 661 for men and 97 016 for women, and the average annual reported incidence was 53.49/100 000 and 46.76/100 000, respectively. For all age groups, children under 2 years old were most reported, accounting for 51.52% of the total cases (108 537/210 677). By different occupational group, the number of cases was the largest in children living in diaspora, accounting for 63.15% of the total cases (133 037/210 677). Other infectious diarrhea peaked in winter and in summer in Sichuan Province, with climax from July to September and from December to January of the next year. The infections were reported in all 21 cities (prefectures) in Sichuan Province. Average annual reported incidence was between 22.60/100 000 and 70.16/100 000 for each city (prefecture). There were 22 541 cases with definite etiological diagnosis, including 20 901 cases of viral diarrhea, 1 625 of bacterial diarrhea and 15 of fungal diarrhea. In the cases of viral diarrhea, rotavirus infection accounted for 88.64% (18 526/20 901). A total of 20 outbreaks were reported in Sichuan Province from 2017 to 2021, in which 19 cases were associated with norovirus infection and 1 with rotavirus and norovirus co-infection. Conclusion The reported incidence rate of other infectious diarrhea in Sichuan Province is increasing year by year. Scattered children under 2 years old should be the key population for prevention and control, and rotavirus is the main pathogen. The findings suggest that attention should be paid to active surveillance, prevention and control of other infectious diarrhea. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Observation on the efficacy of different doses of tribendimidine for patients with clonorchiasis HUANG Xing-jiong, HUANG Xian-ze, BAN Gong-sheng, LU Li-yan, LIANG Mei-qun, LIN Shi-bao Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (1): 48-51.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.01.009 Abstract （646）   HTML （19）    PDF （806KB）（743）       Knowledge map    Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of triphenylamidine against Clonorchis sinensis for evidence to screen the optimal drug in the treatment of clonorchiasis. Methods By stratified random sampling, patients infected with Clonorchis sinensis, treated in the outpatient department of Wuming District Disease Prevention and Control Center of Nanning City, were included from August 2020 to August 2022, and divided into observational group (treated with tribendimidine) and control group (treated with praziquantel). Then patients in the observational group were sub-grouped into group A (400 mg, single dose), group B (two doses of daily dose every other week), and group C (three doses for three consecutive days). Patients in the control group (group D) were was treated with praziquantel in dose of 800 mg/time, tid, for 3 days. After one month of medication, all patients underwent reexamination to observe the changes of worm eggs and adverse drug reactions before and after treatment, and treatment effect was evaluated. Results In total, 149 patients received medication with tribendimidine, including 45 patients in group A, 51 in group B, and 53 in group C. Ninety-nine patients were treated with praziquantel. Negative conversion rate in for the egg the observational group was 86.67%, 94.12% and 92.45% respectively, and 97.98% for the control group. There was no significant difference in the conversion rate among groups (χ2=7.146, P>0.05). The egg reduction rate was 79.27%, 88.47% and 82.11% in the three sub-groups, respectively, and 87.91% in the control group for patients with mild infection. For patients with moderate infection, the egg reduction rate was 78.86%, 97.43% and 98.65% in the tribendimidine group, and 99.15% in the praziquantel control group. The total incidence of adverse reaction and the average duration of adverse reaction were 5.37% and 3.9 h, and 13.13% and 50.9 h, respectively in the observational group and control group. The incidence and average duration of adverse reaction were lower in the tribendimidine group than in the praziquantel group, with statistical significance (χ2=4.624, t=6.423, both P<0.05). Conclusion Tribenzamidine can be used for clonorchiasis in clinic, because it shows better efficacy and has has lower incidence and duration of adverse reaction compared to praziquantel. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Policies, current situation and challenge of prevention and control of viral diarrhea in China LI Jin-song Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (2): 61-64.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.02.001 Abstract （642）   HTML （32）    PDF （859KB）（1496）       Knowledge map    Viral diarrhea represents an important infections disease with heavy disease burden in China and even in the world. After the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic, our country has achieved a lot in surveillance, prevention and control capacity of viral diarrhea, and set up multifarious monitoring systems in prevention and control of viral diarrhea, and with development of detection technology, the capacity of monitoring and prevention and control has been greatly improved. However, top-level design and long-term planning should be strengthened to respond to the growing demand for the prevention and control of viral diarrhea at home and abroad, especially to standardize disease names in diagnosis and surveillance, develop a variety of cost-effective vaccines and test reagents suitable for wider clinical use, use new technologies and novel theories to optimize monitoring systems and health promotion, clear up the information barriers, and boost the enthusiasm and initiative of the public being involved in prevention and control tasks. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Challenges and prospects of the health education and science popularization to parasitic diseases prevention in China under the new era CHEN Lin, CAO Chunli Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (4): 181-185.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.04.001 Abstract （639）   HTML （30）    PDF （897KB）（1399）       Knowledge map    Health education represents an effective means to improve people's health behavior, and it is also the major measure for prevention and control of parasitic diseases in China for many years. Health science popularization is an important part of science popularization. In recent years, with the continuous attention of the Party and the government, health science popularization plays an increasingly important role in improving people's health literacy and awareness of health and disease prevention. In this paper, the current situation and challenges of health education and science popularization on parasitic diseases control and prevention in China were analyzed, and some suggestions were put forward from the aspects of system construction, personnel training, precise communication, forms of activities and new media operation with an attempt to provide reference for health education and science popularization on parasitic diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical pictures and risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infection in ICU patients CHEN Xiang-feng, ZHANG Zhen-hua, WU Yi-le, HU Xiao-qian, LIU Zhou, YANG Min, SUN Yun, LI Jing-rong, ZHENG Ling, YANG Xi-yao, YANG Li-qi Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (2): 102-107.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.02.009 Abstract （593）   HTML （17）    PDF （937KB）（1052）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of nosocomial infection with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in patients in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods The clinical data were obtained from 2018 to 2020 from 133 patients with nosocomial CRE infection in the four ICUs in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, and another 220 patients with carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (CSE) nosocomial infections were included as controls. Then the distribution and drug resistance to CRE pathogens were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the risk factors for CRE infection. Results Respiratory secretions were most seen in CRE infection in ICU patients (69.9%, 93/133), followed by blood(7.5%, 10/133) and intra-abdominal secretions (6.8%, 9/133). The top three CRE strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae (63.9%, 85/133), Enterobacter cloacae (15.0%, 20/133) and Serratia marcescens (6.0%, 8/133). The 30-day mortality was 41.6% in the ICU patients following CRE infections, and the mortality of CSE group was 27.6%. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.879, P<0.01). All strains of CRE exhibited extremely high resistance against carbapenems (≥97%), the drug resistance rates to gentamicin (80.8%), cotrimoxazole (72.2%), amikacin (51.5%) were relatively higher, while to ceftazidime-avibactam (30.3%), polymyxin B (2.9%) and tigecycline (2.1%) remained much lower. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients transferred to ICU from another hospital, exposure to glucocorticoids, carbapenems and glycopeptides before infection were independent risk factors for nosocomial CRE infections in ICU patients. Conclusion The risks of nosocomial CRE infection in ICU patients cannot be ignored. In clinical practice, regular screening of CRE for high-risk patients and rational use of anti-infective drugs and glucocorticoids can reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection with CRE in ICU patients. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the epidemic trend of hand, foot and mouth disease in China after COVID-19 as a category B disease ZHANG Yutong, SONG Yang, LIU Fengfeng, DING Fan, LIU Yanzhe, CHANG Zhaorui Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (4): 186-190,227.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.04.002 Abstract （591）   HTML （49）    PDF （3994KB）（691）       Knowledge map    Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and changes of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in China after COVID-19 ranked as category B disease for evidence in scientific prevention and control of HFMD. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted to address the incidence and the composition of each enterovirus serotype of HFMD in China from January to June, 2023, and the results were compared with the corresponding findings in 2017-2019 and 2020-2022. Moving epidemic method (MEM) was used to estimate the epidemic intensity of HFMD reported from January to June, 2023 in China. Results From January to June, 2023, a total of 557 940 cases of HFMD were reported. The reported incidence was 39.68 /100 000, which was lower than the average incidence reported in the corresponding period of 2017-2019 (64.97/100 000), yet higher than the average incidence reported in the same period of 2020-2022 (26.37/100 000). The peak of the HFMD incidence in 2023 was delayed compared to the trends in previous years. The number of cases was rapidly increased after the 20th week, and reached a very high epidemic level by the 26th week. From January to June, 2023, the proportion of enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), coxasckievirus A16 (CV-A16) and other enterovirus in laboratory-diagnosed cases was 14.31% (4 694/32 804), 12.18% (3 995/32 804) and 73.51% (24 115/32 804), respectively. Compared with the average level of the same period in 2017-2019 and 2020-2022, the proportion of EV-A71 and CV-A16 decreased, while the proportion of other enterovirus increased. MEM evaluation results showed that the prevalence intensity of HFMD was higher in the south China than in the north, among which Guangdong remained at a very high epidemic level, whereas Jiangxi and Hunan were at medium epidemic level. Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, Chongqing and Zhejiang were at lower epidemic level. Conclusion In 2023, the incidence peak of HFMD in spring and summer in China moved backward, and the peak of this disease in the country exceeds the pre-pandemic level, and the epidemic peak in southern provinces was earlier than that in northern provinces, for which we suggest that all provinces should closely monitor the dynamic changes of the local epidemic by conducting epidemic analysis and risk assessment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics