热带病与寄生虫学

热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2022, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (3): 136-148.

• 创刊50周年特约专稿 • 上一篇    下一篇

我国隐孢子虫病流行现状与防控进展

王旭，沈玉娟，曹建平   

  1. 中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所（国家热带病研究中心），国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室，世界卫生组织热带病合作中心，国家级热带病国际联合研究中心，上海 200025
  • 出版日期:2022-06-20 发布日期:2022-06-30
  • 通信作者: 曹建平，E-mail：caojp@chinacdc.cn
  • 作者简介:王旭，男，博士在读，助理研究员，研究方向：寄生虫与寄生虫病。E-mail：wangxu@nipd.chinacdc.cn

Epidemic status and prevention and control progress of cryptosporidiosis in China

WANG Xu, SHEN Yu-juan, CAO Jian-ping   

  1. National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai 200025, China
  • Online:2022-06-20 Published:2022-06-30

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摘要： 隐孢子虫（Cryptosporidium spp.）可通过人和动物的活动进行传播，引发人体隐孢子虫病，是导致全球腹泻最重要的六种病原体之一，对儿童和免疫功能低下人群威胁极大，并可引起突发公共卫生事件，但目前尚无有效治疗和预防的药物或疫苗，防控难度极大，在世界范围内受到越来越多的关注和重视。为此，本文概述了自1987年我国报道第一例隐孢子虫病病例以来人体隐孢子虫感染情况，并对水源和食物污染、家养动物感染、季节性流行情况等传播风险因素进行了梳理，总结了我国隐孢子虫病的防控进展、面临的挑战以及防治策略等现实问题。现有的调查和研究结果显示，我国的人源性隐孢子虫分布广泛，HIV/AIDS患者、恶性肿瘤患者和吸毒人员等群体均是需要重点关注的易感人群，主要致病虫种包括人隐孢子虫（C. hominis）和微小隐孢子虫（C. parvum）。考虑到隐孢子虫病的风险因素和防控现状，我国应当在监测网络、防控措施、防治技术、水源净化和健康教育等方面实施综合防控策略，从“寄生虫-人类-保虫宿主-环境”等各个防治环节践行“One Health”理念，从而实现隐孢子虫病的有效监测和控制。

关键词: 隐孢子虫, 隐孢子虫病, 流行, 防控, 策略, 传播风险

Abstract: Protozoa of Cryptosporidium spp. can be transmitted through the activities of humans and animals, causing human cryptosporidiosis, which was considered as one of the six most important pathogens of diarrhea in the world. It is a great threat to children and immunocompromised people, and may cause outbreak of public health events. However, there are no effective drugs or vaccines for the treatment and prevention of this infection at present. Therefore, the prevention and control of cryptosporidiosis is extremely difficult, and has attracted more and more attention around the world. In this paper, we summarized the situation of cryptosporidium infection in human over 30 years since the first case of cryptosporidiosis was reported in China in 1987, discussed the risk factors of Cryptosporidium transmission such as water and food contamination, infection of domestic animals, and seasonal epidemic situation, and introduced the progress, challenges and strategies of cryptosporidiosis control in China. Based on the existing survey and research results, Cryptosporidium spp. that can infect humans are widely distributed in China, and patients of HIV/AIDS or malignant tumor and drug addicts are susceptible population that call for attention. The main pathogenic species include C. hominis and C. parvum.. Considering the risk factors and prevention and control status of cryptosporidiosis, comprehensive prevention and control strategies should be implemented in terms of monitoring networks, prevention and control measures, technologies, water purification and health education, and the "One Health" public health concept should be practiced in all links of "parasites-humans- reservoir host-environment", so as to achieve effective monitoring and control of cryptosporidiosis in China. 

Key words: Cryptosporidiumn spp., Cryptosporidiosis, Prevalence, Control and prevention, Strategy, Transmission risk

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