热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2024, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (1): 16-22.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2024.01.004

• 感染性腹泻防控专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

2012—2022年合肥市其他感染性腹泻流行特征及病原学检测结果分析

张强(), 何宇, 桑燕茹, 曾臻, 陈伟()   

  1. 合肥市疾病预防控制中心,安徽 合肥 230091
  • 收稿日期:2023-05-23 出版日期:2024-02-20 发布日期:2024-03-15
  • 通信作者: 陈伟, E-mail: 304513172@qq.com
  • 作者简介:张强,男,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:传染病控制。E-mail: 973826403@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    合肥市卫生健康应用医学科研项目(Hwk2023yb023)

Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics and pathogenic detection results of other infectious diarrhea in Hefei City from 2012 to 2022

ZHANG Qiang(), HE Yu, SANG Yanru, ZENG Zhen, CHEN Wei()   

  1. Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei 230091, Anhui Province, China
  • Received:2023-05-23 Online:2024-02-20 Published:2024-03-15
  • Contact: CHEN Wei, E-mail: 304513172@qq.com

摘要:

目的 了解合肥市其他感染性腹泻(other infectious diarrhea, OID)的流行病学及病原学特征,为防治工作提供科学依据。方法 从中国疾病预防控制信息系统中导出合肥市2012—2022年其他感染性腹泻病例报告数据及突发公共卫生事件资料,采用描述流行病学方法,分析报告发病率、病原体构成比、罹患率等指标,探讨三间分布和病原谱特征。结果 2012—2022年合肥市共报告其他感染性腹泻病例218 484例,年报告发病率范围为158.40/10万~370.50/10万,年均报告发病率245.85/10万,报告发病率总体呈先上升后下降趋势,年度内呈双峰分布,7—8月为夏季高峰,12月—次年1月为冬季高峰。报告病例中,男性123 712例,女性94 772例,性别比为1.31∶1,男性、女性年均报告发病率分别为271.34/10万、219.01/10万;5岁及以下人群发病141 716例(占64.86%);职业分布以散居儿童为主(136 294例,占62.38%)。明确病原体诊断的病例有46 924例(占21.48%),主要病原体为病毒(44 694例,占95.25%),其中轮状病毒感染占88.01%(39 337/44 694)。2012—2022年合肥市共报告其他感染性腹泻突发公共卫生事件28起,共发病1 542例,波及人口62 828人,总罹患率为2.45%;其中23起由诺如病毒感染引起,26起发生在学校。结论 合肥市其他感染性腹泻报告发病率相对较高,5岁及以下儿童为重点防控人群,轮状病毒为主要病原体,其他感染性腹泻突发公共卫生事件以诺如病毒感染为主。应在流行高峰来临前加强对学校等重点机构和重点人群的健康教育工作,持续做好监测预警和风险评估,提高群众防病意识,落实防控措施。

关键词: 其他感染性腹泻, 流行病学, 病原学, 合肥市

Abstract:

Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of other infectious diarrhea (OID) in Hefei area for scientific basis to plan prevention and control measures against this infection. Methods The case data of OID reported and public health emergencies in Hefei City from 2012 to 2022 were derived from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the reported incidence, pathogen constituent ratio, attack rate and other indicators, and the characteristics of pathogen spectrum distribution and temporal, regional and population distribution. Results In total, 218 484 cases of OID were reported in Hefei area from 2012 to 2022. The annual reported incidence rate ranged from 158.40/100 000 to 370.50/100 000, with an average reported incidence rate of 245.85/100 000. The overall reported incidence rate tended to increase initially, and then decreased. The temporal distribution in a single year showed a bimodal distribution, the summer peak is from July to August, and the winter peak is from December to January of next year. Of the reported OID cases, 123 712 were males and 94 772 were females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.31∶1, the average annual reported incidence rates of male and female were 271.34/100 000 and 219.01/100 000, respectively. Of all reported cases, 141 716 cases (64.86%) were people aged 5 years and below, 136 294 cases (62.38%) were scattered children. Pathogens were confirmed in 46 924 cases (21.48%) of the reported cases, which primarily involved viruses (44 694 cases, 95.25%). Diarrhea caused by rotavirus infection accounted for 88.01% (39 337/44 694) of the total cases of viral diarrhea. From 2012 to 2022, a total of 28 public health emergencies resulted from OID were reported in Hefei, with a total of 1 542 cases and 62 828 people affected. The total attack rate was 2.45%, 23 incidents were caused by norovirus infection, and 26 incidents occurred in schools. Conclusion The reported incidence of OID in Hefei City remains relatively higher. Children aged 5 and below should be the focus of prevention and control. Rotavirus is the important pathogen, and norovirus infection is responsible for the emergency. These findings suggest that it is necessary to strengthen the health education in key institutions such as schools and key population before the epidemic peak, execute monitoring and early warning, conduct risk assessment, improve the awareness of prevention and control of the masses, and totally implement prevention and control measures.

Key words: Other infectious diarrhea, Epidemiology, Pathogen, Hefei City

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