热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2023, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (4): 191-194,215.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.04.003

• 手足口病防控专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

2018—2022年新疆维吾尔自治区手足口病流行特征分析

尼格德力·阿力腾赛尔(), 张璇, 陈媛, 李泉希, 珲德孜·阿吾西, 赵俊, 黄蕊芳, 马鑫()   

  1. 新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-30 出版日期:2023-08-20 发布日期:2023-08-23
  • 通信作者: 马鑫 E-mail:3610790371@qq.com;369819211@qq.com
  • 作者简介:尼格德力·阿力腾赛尔,女,本科,医师,研究方向:传染病控制。E-mail: 3610790371@qq.com

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2018 to 2022

NIGEDELI Alitengsaier(), ZHANG Xuan, CHEN Yuan, LI Quanxi, HUNDEZI Awuxi, ZHAO Jun, HUANG Ruifang, MA Xin()   

  1. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2023-06-30 Online:2023-08-20 Published:2023-08-23
  • Contact: MA Xin E-mail:3610790371@qq.com;369819211@qq.com

摘要:

目的 分析新疆手足口病流行特征,为当地手足口病防控提供科学依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2018—2022年新疆手足口病相关资料,从各地(市、州)疾病预防控制中心获取病原学资料,使用描述流行病学方法对新疆手足口病的三间分布和病原学特征进行分析。结果 2018—2022年新疆累计报告手足口病22 817例,其中重症11例,无死亡病例;平均发病率为18.69/10万,历年报告发病率为1.52/10万~42.90/10万。2018、2019和2021年发病呈双峰分布,分别为5—7月和9—11月两个高峰;2020年全年未出现发病高峰;2022年仅有4—7月一个发病高峰。男性报告病例数和平均发病率(13 587例,22.64/10万)均高于女性(9 230例,15.48/10万);5岁及以下儿童是发病的主要人群(18 736例,占82.11%);不同职业中托幼儿童报告病例数最多(10 386例,占45.52%),其后为散居儿童(9 703例,占42.53%)和学生(2 379例,占10.43%)。克拉玛依市、博尔塔拉蒙古自治州和塔城地区的发病率居全区前3位。报告的4 350例实验室诊断病例中,肠道病毒A组71型(enterovirus A71, EV-A71)、柯萨奇病毒A组16型(coxasckievirus A16, CV-A16)和其他肠道病毒构成比分别为5.22%(227/4 350)、25.59%(1 113/4 350)和69.20%(3 010/4 350),其他肠道病毒是造成重症病例的主要病原型别。结论 新疆手足口病发病率总体呈下降趋势,其他肠道病毒取代了EV-A71和CV-A16成为主要病原体。应进一步落实各项防控措施并加强对手足口病病原的监测。

关键词: 手足口病, 流行病学特征, 病原学特征, 新疆维吾尔自治区

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Xinjiang for scientific evidence for local HFMD prevention and control. Methods The data on HFMD reported in Xinjiang from 2018 to 2022 were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and pathogenetic data were obtained from the CDCs in various regions. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the characteristics of distribution in time, region and population as well as the prevalent pathogens of HFMD in Xinjiang. Results A total of 22 817 cases of HFMD were cumulatively reported in Xinjiang area from 2018 to 2022, including 11 severe cases. No death occurred. The average incidence rate was 18.69/100 000, and the incidence rate reported in previous years ranged from 1.52/100 000 to 42.90/100 000. In 2018, 2019 and 2021, the incidence of HFMD represented bimodal distribution with two peaks from May to July and September to November, respectively. There was no peak incidence throughout 2020. Only one peak incidence (April-July) was seen in 2022. Both the number of reported cases and average incidence rate were higher in males than in females (13 587 cases, 22.64/100 000 vs. 9 230 cases, 15.48/100 000). Children aged 5 years and under were the main group of people suffering from the disease (18 736 cases, 82.11%). Among different occupations, the highest number of cases was reported in children in nurseries and kindergartens (10 386 cases, 45.52%), followed in children living at home (9 703 cases, 42.53%) and students (2 379 cases, 10.43%). The incidence rates of Karamay City, Bortala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture and Tacheng area ranked the top three in the whole autonomous region. Among the 4 350 laboratory diagnosed cases, the proportions of enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), coxasckievirus A16 (CV-A16), and other enteroviruses were 5.22% (227/4 350), 25.59% (1 113/4 350), and 69.20% (3 010/4 350), respectively, with other enteroviruses being the main pathogen type responsible for the most severe cases. Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Xinjiang area is generally on a downward trend. Other enteroviruses have replaced EV-A71 and CV-A16 as the main pathogens. Our findings suggest that implementation of control measures and strengthening pathogen surveillance are particularly important for the prevention and control of HFMD in Xinjiang.

Key words: Hand, foot and mouth disease, Epidemiological characteristics, Etiological characteristics, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

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