热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2023, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 160-163.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.03.009

• 《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》颁布20周年专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

2004—2022年长春市突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

阴媛(), 吴卉, 王悦, 周玉祥, 任治兴()   

  1. 长春市疾病预防控制中心,吉林长春130033
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-30 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-07-06
  • 通信作者: 任治兴 E-mail:46166983@qq.com;854988191@qq.com
  • 作者简介:阴媛,女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:传染病防控与健康危害事件应急处置。E-mail: 46166983@qq.com

Analysis on the epidemiological patterns of public health emergencies in Changchun City from 2004 to 2022

YIN Yuan(), WU Hui, WANG Yue, ZHOU Yu-xiang, REN Zhi-xing()   

  1. Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Changchun City, Changchun 130033, Jilin Province, China
  • Received:2023-03-30 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2023-07-06
  • Contact: REN Zhi-xing E-mail:46166983@qq.com;854988191@qq.com

摘要:

目的 分析长春市突发公共卫生事件的流行特征,为制定防控措施提供参考依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统收集2004年1月1日—2022年12月31日长春市报告的突发公共卫生事件相关资料,对事件的分级、分类、时间、地区及场所分布等特征进行描述性研究。结果 2004—2022年长春市累计报告突发公共卫生事件3 070起,发病8 164例,死亡198例。以未分级事件为主(3 031起,占98.73%);其余为一般事件(29起,占0.94%)和较大事件(10起,占0.33%)。环境因素事件的事件数(2 858起,占93.09%)和死亡数(165例,占83.33%)均最高,其次为传染病事件,事件数和死亡数分别为195起(占6.35%)和29例(占14.65%)。环境因素事件以非职业性一氧化碳中毒为主,事件数和死亡数分别占环境因素事件的99.90%(2 855/2 858)和100.00%(165/165)。传染病事件以甲型H1N1流感事件为主,占传染病事件的60.00%(117/195);死亡数最多的是流行性出血热,占传染病事件的48.28%(14/29)。报告事件数前三位的地区为朝阳区(1 490起)、德惠市(356起)和二道区(334起),占事件总数的71.01%。10月—次年3月为事件高发期,共报告2 589起(占84.33%)。事件发生场所主要为家庭和学校,分别报告2 663起(占86.74%)和128起(占4.17%)。结论 非职业性一氧化碳中毒是长春市突发公共卫生事件的防控重点,应积极改善居民自供暖方式,加强社区和学校的宣传教育工作,提高群众防范意识,以减少突发公共卫生事件的发生。

关键词: 突发公共卫生事件, 流行病学特征, 非职业性一氧化碳中毒, 长春市

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Changchun City for evidence to develop corresponding prevention and control measures. Methods The public health emergencies reported in Changchun City from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2022 were recovered from the subsystem of Public Health Emergency Management under the Information System for Disease Prevention and Control in China, and descriptively investigated concerning the grades, classification, distribution of the time, regions and places of the emergencies. Results A total of 3 070 public health emergencies were reported in Changchun City from 2004 through 2022, during which 8 164 cases and 198 deaths were reported. The emergencies were primarily ungraded events(n=3 031, 98.73%), and the rest were crises at general or larger scale, which involved 29 (0.94%) and 10 (0.33%), respectively. The number of events (n=2 858, 93.09%) and deaths (n=165, 83.33%) of environmental factors were the highest, followed by infectious diseases, with 195 events (6.35%) and 29 deaths (14.65%). The environmental factors were mainly non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning, and the number of events and deaths accounted for 99.90% (2 855/2 858) and 100.00% (165/165) of the environmental factors, respectively. Infectious disease events were dominated by influenza A (H1N1), accounting for 60.00% (117/195) of infectious disease events. The highest number of deaths was epidemic hemorrhagic fever, accounting for 48.28% (14/29) of infectious disease events.The number of reported incidents was mainly in Chaoyang District (n=1 490), Dehui City (n=356) and Erdao District (n=334), which accounted for 71.01% of the total events. The peak of the emergency appeared from October to March of the following year, when a total of 2 589 events (84.33%) were reported. The incidents primarily occurred in families (n=2 663, 86.74%) and schools (n=128, 4.17%). Conclusion The events from non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning should be the focus of prevention and control of public health emergencies in Changchun City, particularly the safety of self-heating in winter season. In addition, publicity and education in communities and schools should be strengthened, and the awareness of prevention in population should be raised in order to reduce the occurrence of public health emergencies.

Key words: Public health emergency, Epidemiological characteristics, Non-occupational carbon monoxide poisoning, Changchun City

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