热带病与寄生虫学

热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2023, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 135-140.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.03.004

• 《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》颁布20周年专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

2010—2022年重庆市学校突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

严佩佩1(), 龙江1(), 刘慧慧2, 熊鹰1, 夏宇1   

  1. 1.重庆市疾病预防控制中心，重庆400042
    2.中国疾病预防控制中心
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-31 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-07-06
  • 通信作者: 龙江，E-mail: 348820397@qq.com
  • 作者简介:严佩佩，女，硕士，主治医师，研究方向：学校卫生、学生常见病。E-mail: 524787839@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    川渝联合实施重点研发项目(cstc2020jscx-cylhX0003)

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in schools in Chongqing Municipality from 2010 to 2022

YAN Pei-pei1(), LONG Jiang1(), LIU Hui-hui2, XIONG Ying1, XIA Yu1   

  1. 1. Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China
    2. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Received:2023-03-31 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2023-07-06
  • Contact: LONG Jiang, E-mail: 348820397@qq.com

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摘要：

目的 了解重庆市学校突发公共卫生事件的流行特征，为科学应对和防控学校突发公共卫生事件提供依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统收集2010年1月至2022年12月重庆市报告的学校突发公共卫生事件的相关信息，并对其流行特征进行描述性分析。结果 2010—2022年重庆市共报告学校突发公共卫生事件3 162起，占全市事件报告总数的79.23%（3 162/3 991），累计报告发病85 889例，死亡5例。其中，传染病事件3 120起，事件数前三位的病种为水痘（1 253起，占40.16%）、手足口病（650起，占20.83%）和流行性腮腺炎（365起，占11.70%）。2010—2022年，重庆市每年均有学校突发公共卫生事件报告，年报告事件数为132~453起，报告高峰基本出现在5月和11月，呈双峰分布；报告事件数居全市前三位的区（县）为开州区（292起，占9.23％）、合川区（166起，占5.25％）和云阳县（163起，占5.15％）；发生场所主要为小学（1 664起，占52.62%）和托幼机构（911起，占28.81%）。虫媒传染病事件持续时间最长，为32.07（31.21，32.92）d；呼吸道传染病介入处置时间最长、发病规模最大，分别为9.71（4.29，16.63）d和23（14，38）例。结论 传染病事件是重庆市学校突发公共卫生事件防控的关键，应重点加强对小学和托幼机构突发公共卫生事件的监测，进一步落实各项防控措施，多措并举降低学校突发公共卫生事件的影响。

关键词: 学校, 突发公共卫生事件, 流行特征, 重庆市

Abstract:

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies occurring in schools in Chongqing area for evidence to scientifically deal with the emergencies in school campus. Methods The data on the public health emergencies reported in schools in Chongqing area were retrieved from the subsystem of Public Health Emergency Management under the Information System for Disease Prevention and Control in China from January 2010 to December 2022, and analyzed for the epidemic characteristics using descriptive epidemiology. Results A total of 3 162 emergencies in school campus were reported from 2010 to 2022, accounting for 79.23% (3 162/3 991) of all emergencies reported in Chongqing. In total, 85 889 cases and 5 deaths were reported. Of the emergencies reported, 3 120 were associated with infectious diseases. The top three infectious diseases reported were varicella (40.16%, 1 253/3 120), hand-foot-and-mouth disease (20.83%, 650/3 120) and mumps (11.70%, 365/3 120). School emergencies were reported every year in Chongqing from 2010 to 2022, and the annual number of reported emergencies ranged from 132 to 453. The seasonal distribution indicated bimodal trend, and annual peak of reported emergencies basically appeared in May and November. The top three areas with reported emergencies were Kaizhou District (292 events, 9.23%), Hechuan District (166 events, 5.25%) and Yunyang County (163 events, 5.15%). The emergency primarily occurred in primary schools (1 664 events, 52.62%) and nurseries (911 events, 28.81%). The duration of insect-borne infectious disease was the longest, which lasted for 32.07 (31.21, 32.92) days. Management of the respiratory infectious diseases was the longest, and the emergency scale was the largest, which accounted for 9.71 (4.29, 16.63) days and 23 (14, 38) cases, respectively. Conclusion Currently, infectious diseases are the key to prevention and control of public health emergencies in schools in Chongqing. Monitoring should fall on the emergencies occurring nurseries and primary schools. Various prevention and control measures should be implemented in order to eventually reduce the occurrence and impact of school emergencies.

Key words: School, Public health emergency, Epidemiological characteristics, Chongqing Municipality

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