热带病与寄生虫学

热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2023, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (6): 330-334.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.06.006

• 防治研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

2010—2022年甘肃省学校食源性疾病暴发事件特征分析

蔺文轩1(), 梁效成1, 崔燕1, 桑向来1, 刘慧慧2()   

  1. 1.甘肃省疾病预防控制中心，甘肃兰州 730000
    2.中国疾病预防控制中心
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-15 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2024-01-12
  • 通信作者: 刘慧慧，E-mail: liuhh@chinacdc.cn
  • 作者简介:蔺文轩，女，硕士，医师，研究方向：营养与食品安全。E-mail: wenxuanlin592@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国疾病预防控制中心现场流行病学培训项目

Analysis on the characteristics of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools in Gansu Province from 2010 to 2022

LIN Wenxuan1(), LIANG Xiaocheng1, CUI Yan1, SANG Xianglai1, LIU Huihui2()   

  1. 1. Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
    2. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Received:2023-06-15 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2024-01-12

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摘要：

目的 分析甘肃省学校食源性疾病暴发特点，为学校食源性疾病防控提供科学建议。方法 通过全民健康保障信息化工程食品安全风险评估业务应用平台收集2010—2022年甘肃省学校食源性疾病暴发事件数据，对事件时间分布、地区分布、学校类型、致病因子、致病食品来源等进行描述性分析。结果 2010—2022年甘肃省共报告学校食源性疾病暴发事件57起，报告病例1 002例，住院471例，无死亡病例。2020年报告事件数最多（9起，占15.79%），其次为2016年（8起，占14.04%）。事件报告数高峰期为6月和9月，均报告12起（各占21.05%）。报告事件数前3位的地区为陇南市（11起，占19.30%）、白银市（10起，占17.54%）和庆阳市（8起，占14.04%）；报告病例数前3位的地区为兰州市（343例，占34.23%）、庆阳市（149例，占14.87%）和陇南市（145例，占14.47%）。中学的报告事件数和病例数均为最多，报告事件为21起（占36.84%），病例为263例（占26.25%）。明确致病因子的事件15起，主要由致病微生物引起（60.00%，9/15）；查明引发环节的事件21起，其中由流通环节（包装食品）引起的事件占比最多（47.62%，10/21）。查明致病食品主要来源的事件56起，来源主要为学校食堂（66.07%，37/56）；食物类别以混合食品和多种食品为主，各占33.33%（19/57）。病例生物样本、食物样本及环境样本均采集的事件10起，致病因子查明率为60.00%（6/10）；3种样本均未采集的事件32起，致病因子查明率为15.63%（5/32）。结论 近年来，甘肃省学校食源性疾病暴发事件数总体较为平稳，高峰期在6月和9月，学校食堂是致病食品的主要来源。今后应继续加强多部门协作，进一步降低学校食源性疾病暴发风险。

关键词: 食源性疾病, 学校, 暴发, 甘肃省

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the features of foodborne disease outbreaks in school campus in Gansu Province for recommendations in scientific prevention and control of such incident in schools. Methods The data on foodborne disease outbreaks in schools in Gansu Province from 2010 to 2022 were initially retrieved through the Food Safety Risk Assessment Business Application Platform of National Health Insurance Information Project, and descriptively analyzed regarding the distribution of time and region, school types, pathogenic factors, and sources of pathogenic food, etc. Results A total of 57 outbreaks of foodborne diseases, involved in 1 002 cases, in schools were reported in Gansu Province from 2010 to 2022. Four hundred and seventy-one cases were treated on hospitalization basis. No death occurred. The highest number of reported events was in 2020 (9 events, 15.79%), followed by 2016 (8 events, 14.04%). The peak period of the incidents reported was seen in June and September (12 respectively for June and September, 21.05%). The top three regions with the highest number of reported incidents were Longnan City (11 events, 19.30%), Baiyin City (10 events, 17.54%), and Qingyang City (8 events, 14.04%). The top three regions with the highest reported cases were Lanzhou City (343 cases, 34.23%), Qingyang City (149 cases, 14.87%) and Longnan City (145 cases, 14.47%). The highest number of reported events and cases were seen in middle school campuses, with 21 reported events (36.84%) and 263 reported cases (26.25%), respectively. Pathogenic factors were identified in 15 events, which were primarily caused by pathogenic microorganisms (60.00%, 9/15). Association of the outbreak was identified in 21 incidents, in which food circulation was responsible for the highest proportion of incidents (47.62%, 10/21). The main source of pathogenic food was from school canteens (66.07%, 37/56). The food categories were mainly foods with mixed ingredients or various foods (33.33%, 19/57). Biological, food samples and environmental samples were collected in 10 incidents, and the identification rate of pathogenic factors was 60.00% (6/10). The 3 samples were not collected in 32 events, in which the pathogenic factor identification rate was 15.63% (5/32). Conclusion In recent years, the number of outbreaks of foodborne diseases in schools in Gansu Province has remained relatively stable. The peak periods of the incidents are in June and September. School canteens are the major source of pathogenic food. In the future, we should further strengthen collaboration among multiple sections in order to jointly manage and reduce the risk of foodborne disease outbreaks in schools.

Key words: Foodborne disease, School, Outbreaks, Gansu Province

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