热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2023, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (3): 141-145,154.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.03.005

• 《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》颁布20周年专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

2004—2022年湖南省学校肠道传染病突发公共卫生事件流行特征分析

岳文芳(), 刘富强, 段红英, 夏梦芝, 蔡富文, 张斯钰()   

  1. 湖南省疾病预防控制中心,中国医学科学院湖南新发突发传染病防治工作站,湖南长沙410005
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-15 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-07-06
  • 通信作者: 张斯钰,E-mail: 359766279@qq.com
  • 作者简介:岳文芳,女,本科,主管医师,研究方向:突发公共卫生事件应急处置。E-mail: 462348316@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省自然科学基金项目(2019JJ80070);湖南省自然科学基金项目(2020JJ8007)

Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies from intestinal infectious in schools in Hunan Province from 2004 to 2022

YUE Wen-fang(), LIU Fu-qiang, DUAN Hong-ying, XIA Meng-zhi, CAI Fu-wen, ZHANG Si-yu()   

  1. Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention; Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha 410005, Hunan Province, China
  • Received:2023-04-15 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2023-07-06
  • Contact: ZHANG Si-yu, E-mail: 359766279@qq.com

摘要:

目的 分析湖南省学校肠道传染病突发公共卫生事件的流行病学特征,为制定有效的预防控制措施提供科学依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统收集2004—2022年湖南省报告的学校肠道传染病突发公共卫生事件信息,采用描述流行病学方法对其三间分布等特征进行分析。结果 2004—2022年湖南省共报告学校肠道传染病突发公共卫生事件329起,报告发病14 506例,无死亡病例。事件级别以一般事件(225起,占68.39%)和未分级事件(99起,占30.09%)为主。涉及病种5种,事件数最多的病种为其他感染性腹泻(153起,占46.50%),其次为手足口病(82起,占24.92%)。事件数以2018年最多(50起,占15.20%)。3—6月和9—12月为事件高发月份。全省14个市(州)均有事件报告,其中长沙市的报告事件数(60起,占18.24%)和发病数(3 251例,占22.41%)均为最高。事件发生场所主要为幼儿园(91起,占27.66%),其次为小学(86起,占26.14%)和初中(41起,占12.46%),农村地区上述3类场所的罹患率均高于城镇地区。事件发生原因主要为密切接触传播(134起,占40.73%)和水源污染(83起,占25.23%)。事件报告时间越晚,其持续时间越长(r=0.88,P<0.01)。结论 湖南省学校肠道传染病突发公共卫生事件防控的重点机构是幼儿园、小学及初中,重点时段为春季和秋冬季,应重点做好学校供餐、饮用水等食品卫生安全工作,落实学校日常消毒以及学生晨午检、因病缺课登记追踪等制度,减少学校肠道传染病突发公共卫生事件的发生。

关键词: 肠道传染病, 学校, 突发公共卫生事件, 流行特征, 湖南省

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features of public health emergencies arising from intestinal infectious diseases in schools in Hunan Province for scientific evidence to formulate effective prevention and control measures against the urgent events. Methods The information on public health emergencies associated with infectious diseases reported in schools in Hunan Province was collected from 2004 to 2022, and analyzed pertinent to the time, regional and population distribution using descriptive epidemiological method. Results From 2004 to 2022, a total of 329 public health emergencies caused by intestinal infectious diseases in schools were reported in Hunan Province. In total, 14 506 cases were reported, yet no death occurred. The incident level was generally at grade Ⅳ (225 events, 68.39%) and ungraded (99 events, 30.09%). Of the 5 types of diseases involved, other infectious diarrhea was most seen (153 events, 46.50%), followed by hand-foot-and-mouth disease (82 events, 24.92%). The number of incidents was the highest in 2018 (50 events, 15.20%), and higher time distribution was from March to June and September to December. The emergencies were reported in 14 cities (prefectures) across the province, with the highest incidents (60 events,18.24%) and cases (3 251 cases, 22.41%) reported in Changsha. Most of the incidents occurred in kindergartens (91 events, 27.66%), followed by in elementary schools (86 events, 26.14%) and junior high schools (41 events, 12.46%). The attack rate in the three types of sites aforementioned was higher in rural area than in urban area. The main causes of public health emergencies from intestinal infectious diseases in schools were involved in transmission from close contact (40.73%, 134/329) and contamination of water source (25.23%, 83/329). Delayed report would result in longer duration of the incident (r=0.88, P< 0.01). Conclusion The key institutions for the prevention and control of public health emergencies caused by intestinal infectious diseases in schools in Hunan Province are involved in kindergartens, primary schools and junior high schools, and the critical periods for prevention and control of the emergencies are spring, autumn and winter seasons. The prevention and control measures should target at safe supply of the food and drinking water in schools, practicing daily disinfection, regular examination in the morning and afternoon for the students, registration and tracking of the students absent from school due to illness so as to reduce the occurrence of public health emergencies caused by intestinal infectious diseases in school campus.

Key words: Intestinal infectious diseases, School, Public health emergency, Epidemiological characteristics, Hunan Province

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