我国病毒性腹泻防控的策略、现状与挑战

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.02.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

病毒性腹泻是我国乃至全球感染性腹泻中疾病负担较重的一大类感染性疾病。严重急性呼吸综合征（SARS）发生后，我国在病毒性腹泻防控方面建立了多种监测系统，且随着检测技术的发展，监测和防控能力大幅提升。然而，为满足国内外对病毒性腹泻防控日益增长的需求，还需要加强顶层设计和长远规划，尤其是要规范诊断和报告的疾病名称，开发多种成本-效益良好的疫苗、适合临床广泛使用的检测试剂，以现有技术优化监测系统和健康促进方式，打通部门间信息壁垒，同时提升群众参与防控的积极性和主动性。

关键词: 病毒性腹泻, 轮状病毒, 诺如病毒, 疾病负担

Abstract:

Viral diarrhea represents an important infections disease with heavy disease burden in China and even in the world. After the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic, our country has achieved a lot in surveillance, prevention and control capacity of viral diarrhea, and set up multifarious monitoring systems in prevention and control of viral diarrhea, and with development of detection technology, the capacity of monitoring and prevention and control has been greatly improved. However, top-level design and long-term planning should be strengthened to respond to the growing demand for the prevention and control of viral diarrhea at home and abroad, especially to standardize disease names in diagnosis and surveillance, develop a variety of cost-effective vaccines and test reagents suitable for wider clinical use, use new technologies and novel theories to optimize monitoring systems and health promotion, clear up the information barriers, and boost the enthusiasm and initiative of the public being involved in prevention and control tasks.

Key words: Viral infection diarrhea, Rotavirus, Norovirus, Disease burden

中图分类号:

R512.5

李金松. 我国病毒性腹泻防控的策略、现状与挑战[J]. 热带病与寄生虫学, 2023, 21(2): 61-64.

LI Jin-song. Policies, current situation and challenge of prevention and control of viral diarrhea in China[J]. Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology, 2023, 21(2): 61-64.

参考文献 37

[1]	WHO. Diarrhoea[EB/OL]. [2023-2-05]. https://www.who.int/health-topics/diarrhoea#tab=tab_1.
[2]	WHO. Diarrhoeal disease[EB/OL]. [2023-2-05]. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease.
[3]	Qazi S, Aboubaker S, MacLean R, et al. Ending preventable child deaths from pneumonia and diarrhoea by 2025. Development of the integrated Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea[J]. Arch Dis Child, 2015, 100(Suppl 1):S23-S28. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2013-305429 URL
[4]	Dennehy PH. Viral gastroenteritis in children[J]. Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2011, 30(1):63-64. doi: 10.1097/INF.0b013e3182059102 pmid: 21173676
[5]	Hellysaz A, Neijd M, Vesikari T, et al. Viral gastroenteritis:sickness symptoms and behavioral responses[J]. mBio, 2023:e0356722.
[6]	Cohen AL, Platts-Mills JA, Nakamura T, et al. Aetiology and incidence of diarrhoea requiring hospitalisation in children under 5 years of age in 28 low-income and middle-income countries:findings from the Global Pediatric Diarrhea Surveillance network[J]. BMJ Glob Health, 2022, 7(9):e009548.
[7]	Bergman H, Henschke N, Hungerford D, et al. Vaccines for preventing rotavirus diarrhoea:vaccines in use[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2021, 11(11):CD008521.
[8]	Khoury H, Ogilvie I, El Khoury AC, et al. Burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in the middle eastern and North African pediatric population[J]. BMC Infect Dis, 2011, 11:9. doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-11-9 pmid: 21214934
[9]	Troeger C, Khalil IA, Rao PC, et al. Rotavirus vaccination and the global burden of rotavirus diarrhea among children younger than 5 years[J]. JAMA Pediatr, 2018, 172(10):958-965. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2018.1960 pmid: 30105384
[10]	Bartsch SM, Lopman BA, Ozawa S, et al. Global economic burden of norovirus gastroenteritis[J]. PLoS One, 2016, 11(4):e0151219.
[11]	CDC. Norovirus Worldwide[EB/OL]. [2023-2-05]. https://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/trends-outbreaks/worldwide.html.
[12]	Aliabadi N, Tate JE, Haynes AK, et al. Sustained decrease in laboratory detection of rotavirus after implementation of routine vaccination—united States,2000-2014[J]. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2015, 64(13):337-342.
[13]	Parashar UD, Glass RI. Rotavirus vaccines—early success,remaining questions[J]. N Engl J Med, 2009, 360(11):1063-1065. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp0810154 URL
[14]	Jin H, Wang B, Fang ZY, et al. Hospital-based study of the economic burden associated with rotavirus diarrhea in Eastern China[J]. Vaccine, 2011, 29(44):7801-7806. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.07.104 pmid: 21843578
[15]	Duan ZJ, Liu N, Yang SH, et al. Hospital-based surveillance of rotavirus diarrhea in the People's Republic of China,August 2003-july 2007[J]. J Infect Dis, 2009, 200(Suppl 1):S167-S173. doi: 10.1086/605337 URL
[16]	Tohma K, Lepore CJ, Martinez M, et al. Genome-wide analyses of human noroviruses provide insights on evolutionary dynamics and evidence of coexisting viral populations evolving under recombination constraints[J]. PLoS Pathog, 2021, 17(7):e1009744.
[17]	卫生部办公厅. 关于加强诺如病毒感染性腹泻防控工作的紧急通知[J]. 中国实用乡村医生杂志, 2007(3):43-44.
[18]	卫生部办公厅. 卫生部办公厅关于加强肠道传染病防控工作的通知[A/OL]. (2012-2-05) [2023-2-01]. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/jkj/s3577/201211/ddf9db9f1c0a4fc9b649835cbe2d341b.shtml.
[19]	冯子健, 李克莉, 倪大新, 等. 中国突发公共卫生事件网络直报系统及时性的研究[J]. 疾病控制杂志, 2008, 12(2):152-155.
[20]	林羡华, 冉陆, 马莉, 等. 2010年全国其他感染性腹泻报告病例信息分析[J]. 中国食品卫生杂志, 2011, 23(5):385-389.
[21]	骆洪梅, 冉陆, 孟玲, 等. 2005—2018年中国5岁以下轮状病毒腹泻报告病例流行特征分析[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2020, 54(2):181-186.
[22]	Atmar RL, Ramani S, Estes MK. Human noroviruses:recent advances in a 50-year history[J]. Curr Opin Infect Dis, 2018, 31(5):422-432. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000476 URL
[23]	黄腾, 李荣成, 周旭, 等. 国产Ⅲ价轮状病毒基因重配株疫苗安全性和免疫原性初步研究[J]. 应用预防医学, 2014, 20(6):349-351,354.
[24]	Wu ZW, Li QL, Liu Y, et al. Efficacy,safety and immunogenicity of hexavalent rotavirus vaccine in Chinese infants[J]. Virol Sin, 2022, 37(5):724-730. doi: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.07.011 URL
[25]	中华预防医学会. 儿童轮状病毒胃肠炎免疫预防专家共识(2020版)[J]. 中国疫苗和免疫, 2021, 27(1):48-61.
[26]	毛彤瑶, 段招军. 世界卫生组织轮状病毒疫苗立场文件——2021年7月[J]. 中国疫苗和免疫, 2022, 28(1):128-134.
[27]	长三角免疫规划一体化项目组, 中华医学会感染病学分会儿童感染和肝病学组. 儿童轮状病毒胃肠炎预防诊疗专家共识(2020年版)[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2020, 54(4):392-405.
[28]	新华社. 世界卫生组织颁奖表彰我国爱国卫生运动65年辉煌成就[EB/OL]. (2017-2-05) [2023-2-01]. http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2017-07/05/c_1121269860.htm.
[29]	王娅琳. 小儿秋季腹泻的门诊护理与健康教育[J]. 家有孕宝, 2021, 3(9):23.
[30]	刘哲, 王梦, 张睿, 等. “互联网+”多模式健康教育在新冠疫苗接种服务中的应用[J]. 齐鲁护理杂志, 2022, 28(16):36-39.
[31]	中共中央办公厅, 国务院办公厅. 关于进一步深化改革促进乡村医疗卫生体系健康发展的意见[A/OL]. (2023-2-23) [2023-2-27]. http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2023-02/23/content_5742938.htm.
[32]	Sidoti F, Rittà M, Costa C, et al. Diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis:limits and potential of currently available procedures[J]. J Infect Dev Ctries, 2015, 9(6):551-561. doi: 10.3855/jidc.7051 URL
[33]	Wang LQ, Ji L, Li H, et al. Early evolution and transmission of GⅡ. P16-GⅡ. 2 norovirus in China[J]. G3, 2022, 12(11):jkac250.
[34]	Wittler RR. Foodborne and waterborne illness[J]. Pediatr Rev, 2023, 44(2):81-91. doi: 10.1542/pir.2022-005621 pmid: 36720680
[35]	杨维中, 兰亚佳, 吕炜, 等. 建立我国传染病智慧化预警多点触发机制和多渠道监测预警机制[J]. 中华流行病学杂志, 2020, 41(11):1753-1757.
[36]	陈静, 李佳萌, 张颖, 等. 2008—2009年天津市病毒性腹泻病例疾病负担分析[J]. 热带医学杂志, 2012, 12(1):87-90.
[37]	刘海霞, 张静. 国内外人轮状病毒腹泻流行趋势和疾病负担研究进展[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2013, 47(12):1164-1168.