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20 April 2024, Volume 22 Issue 2 Previous Issue   

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Interpretation of Evaluation methods of household chemicals for mites repellent, mites suppression and killing (T/CHCIA 002—2022) ZHAN Xiaodong, JIANG Feng, CHEN Guoqing, ZHANG Dacun 2024, 22 (2):  65-67,96.  Abstract ( 23 )   PDF (913KB) ( 20 )   Evaluation methods of household chemicals for mites repellent, mites suppression and mites killing (T/CHCIA 002—2022) represents the first evaluation method for this purpose in daily chemical products in China. This standard was issued on 30 October 2022 and implemented on 30 November 2022. This paper aims at interpretation of the standard in terms of the background to develop it, the preparation process and methodology, the main content, implementation and publicity of the key aspects, with an attempt to provide a reference for the professionals in related scientific research institutions and enterprises to carry out evaluation of the effect by using daily chemical products to remove the mites. Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal cluster of visceral leishmaniosis in China, 2017-2022 WANG Qi, SHI Yue, QIN Yao, MA Huilai, ZHANG Lijie, SUN Junling, LIU Huihui 2024, 22 (2):  68-75.  Abstract ( 28 )   PDF (2863KB) ( 20 )   Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial-temporal trends of visceral leishmaniosis (VL) in China from 2017 to 2022 for scientific evidence to formulate targeted prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods Individual data of VL cases in China from 2017 to 2022 were collected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, and descriptively analyzed for the population characteristics and time trends. ArcGIS 10.7 software was used to map the case distribution, and Moran’s I and local Moran’s I were calculated to analyze the spatial autocorrelation and clustering type. SaTScan 10.1 software was used to scan the spatial-temporal characteristics and analyze the clustering. Results Between 2017 and 2022, a total of 1 251 VL cases were reported in 296 counties of 22 provinces in China. Among these cases, 891 (71.22%) were from canine-derived endemic areas, with increase trend year by year. Cases from anthropogenic and wildlife-derived endemic areas accounted for 47 (3.76%) and 36 (2.88%), respectively, which remained at a low level. The number of VL cases was highest in April (142 cases), and the case ratio of male-to-female was 2.18∶1. Farmers and herdsmen as well as preschool children dominated the cases (43.88%, 549/1 251; 27.50% , 344/1 251, respectively). By the age group, 0-4 years old were the most reported (325 cases, 25.98%), followed by 50-64 years old (300 cases, 23.98%). The cases were primarily distributed in Shanxi (449 cases), Gansu (257 cases), Shaanxi (188 cases), Xinjiang (88 cases), Sichuan (84 cases), Henan (70 cases) and Hebei (41 cases), which accounted for 94.08% (1 177/1 251) of the total cases. The canine-derived in Pingding County (112 cases), the anthropogenic in Kashgar City (11 cases) and the wildlife-derived in Jiashi County (11 cases) were the highest cumulative number of cases. Spatial correlation analysis showed a spatial clustering (Moran’s I>0, all Z>2.58, all P<0.01), and the number of counties in high-high clustering area increased from 38 in 2017 to 48 in 2022, displacing from west to east. High-high clustering occurred in Hebei, Henan and Beijing in 2022. Spatio-temporal scanning showed three-level aggregation areas from 2017 to 2022, and the highest incidence was found in the first-level aggregation area, covering 8 counties and centering on the urban area of Yangquan City (RR=46.76, LLR=704.79, P<0.01). The aggregation occurred between January 2020 to September 2022, during which 256 cases were reported. Conclusion The VL reported in China from 2017 to 2022 presented a rising trend. The key epidemic areas shifted from Xinjiang with wildlife-derived to Shanxi, Shaanxi, Henan and Hebei with canine-derived in the north-central of China. The findings suggest that it is necessary to intensify prevention and control efforts targeting key areas and populations to restrain the epidemic. Related Articles | Metrics

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Incidence trends and age-period-cohort analysis of leishmaniasis in China from 1990 to 2019 BAI Jinshu, QIN Liyan, SHI Guangzhong, WANG Feng, WANG Fushuang, LI Rui, ZHAO Jiangshan 2024, 22 (2):  76-82.  Abstract ( 20 )   PDF (6804KB) ( 15 )   Objective To analyze the change trend of leishmaniasis incidence in China from 1990 to 2019, and investigate the influence of age, period and cohort factors on the incidence of leishmaniasis for reference to develop the prevention and control policy for this prevalence in China. Methods By the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Database as information source, the data on the incidence, crude incidence and standardized incidence of leishmaniasis in China from 1990 to 2019 were extracted. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the change trend of leishmaniasis standardized incidence in China from 1990 to 2019, and the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were calculated. An age-period-cohort model was used to analyze the effects of age, period and cohort factors on the incidence of leishmaniasis in China. Results From 1990 to 2019, the incidence of leishmaniasis in China was decreased from 4 487 to 904 cases, with a decrease of 79.85%. The crude incidence and the standard incidence were declined from 0.38/100 000 to 0.06/100 000 and from 0.37/100 000 to 0.08/100 000, with a drop of 84.21% and 78.38%, respectively. The Joinpoint regression model showed that the standardized incidence of leishmaniasis in the whole population, men and women in China from 1990 to 2019 represented a decreasing trend, and AAPC was -5.00%, -5.06% and -4.95%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (t=-90.65, -90.70, -90.82, all P<0.01). The results of age-period-cohort model analysis suggested that the risk of leishmaniasis in the Chinese population from 1990 to 2019 was decreased with age (RR: 5.24 to 0.23) and period (RR: 2.14 to 0.67), and the risk of leishmaniasis was lessened with later birth cohort (RR: 7.86 to 0.12). Conclusion The low prevalence of leishmaniasis in China from 1990 to 2019 indicates that the prevention and control of leishmaniasis in China has achieved remarkable results, yet it is still necessary to strengthen the intervention of the vector and the protection of high-risk populations to reduce the burden of leishmaniasis in the key region in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Jinghong City, China-Myanmar border region by spatial-temporal multicomponent model TANG Yerong, ZHOU Hongning, LI Jinghua, XIAO Jianpeng 2024, 22 (2):  83-88.  Abstract ( 19 )   PDF (1283KB) ( 20 )   Objective To understand the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of dengue fever and the factors affecting the dengue transmission in Jinghong City located in the China-Myanmar border area in 2019. Methods The daily incidences of dengue fever were initially collected in Jinghong City in 2019. Then the spatial-temporal multicomponent model on the Power-law algorithm basis was developed using population density, GDP per capita, daily average temperature, daily average relative humidity and sunshine hours as covariates to analyze the spatial and temporal transmission characteristics of dengue fever in different regions. The fitting effect of the model was evaluated by the Akaike information criterion（AIC） values. Results In 2019, a total of 3 303 local cases of dengue fever were reported in Jinghong City, with an incidence of 763.44/100 000 population. The spatio-temporal multicomponent model showed the best fitting effect if GDP per capita was included in the autoregressive compartment, population density, daily average temperature, daily mean maximum temperature and daily average relative humidity were included in the endemic compartment (AIC=2 317). At this point, the autoregressive compartment, the epidemic component and the endemic compartment were 0.215 1 [95% CI: (0.081 2, 0.570 2)], 0.0004 [95% CI: (0.000 2, 0.001 0)] and 3.0152 [95% CI: (1.650 7, 5.507 8)], respectively. The strength of effect of the covariates was 2.815 9 [95% CI: (0.021 6, 367.168 5)], 1.822 7 [95% CI: (1.497 6, 2.218 3)], 1.208 8 [95% CI: (1.057 7, 1.381 6)], 0.356 1 [95% CI: (0.011 9, 10.673 9)] and 0.310 4 [95%CI: (0.003 6, 126.548 2)] respectively for the average daily relative humidity, population density, GDP per capita, mean daily air temperature, and mean daily maximum temperature. Analysis on the incidence over 20 cases in an area demonstrated autocorrelation component produced greater effect on the incidence in Yunjinghong Community, Xishuangbanna Tourist Resort and Jinghong Industrial Park. However, the endemic compartment of Gasa Town, Menglong Town and Menghan Town were relatively large. Conclusion Dengue fever prevalence varies in different areas in Jinghong City, with spatial-temporal transmission trends. GDP per capita may lead to following epidemic from previous situation of dengue fever prevalence, and population density, daily average temperature, daily mean maximum temperature and daily average relative humidity can result in the risks of dengue fever epidemic in the local area. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the genetic characteristics of chitinase gene of Plasmodium vivax along the China-Myanmar border ZHANG Man, SHEN Haimo, CHEN Shenbo, CHEN Junhu 2024, 22 (2):  89-96.  Abstract ( 26 )   PDF (3186KB) ( 12 )   Objective To understand the genetic diversity of the Plasmodium vivax chitinase (PvCHT1) gene along the China-Myanmar border, and explore its geographical variations for evidence to invent the malaria vaccines against P. vivax in China. Methods PvCHT1 gene sequences were collected from regions along the China-Myanmar border (Tengchong, Yunnan Province) and inland China (Hefei, Anhui Province; Zhengzhou, Henan Province), as well as from 11 countries, including Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia. Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Brazil, Colombia, Peru and Mexico through the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) of the United States. Mega, DnaSP, KaKs_Calculator, Arlequin, STRUCTURE and NETWORK software were used to analyze the genetic diversity, gene evolution, genetic differentiation, population STRUCTURE and haplotype NETWORK of all the harvested gene sequences. Results A total of 16 PvCHT1 gene sequences were obtained, including 6 from the China-Myanmar border region and 10 from inland China. Besides, another 551 PvCHT1 gene sequences were harvested from 11 other countries via NCBI. Genetic diversity analysis revealed 25 polymorphic sites in the PvCHT1 gene, of which 16 were non-synonymous mutations. The most common mutation sites were E617D (31.57%) and I272M (31.04%). The nucleotide diversity of the PvCHT1 gene in the China-Myanmar border region (π=0.000 79) was slightly higher than that in inland China (π=0.000 71) and Myanmar (π=0.000 75). Gene evolution analysis indicated that the neutral test (Tajima’s D) value of the PvCHT1 gene in the China-Myanmar border region was less than 0, with a ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous mutations (Ka/Ks) greater than 1. Genetic differentiation analysis showed that the fixation (FST) of the PvCHT1 gene in the China-Myanmar border region was 0.31 with inland China, -0.05 with Myanmar, and it ranged from 0.04 to 0.15 with Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Malaysia. Additionally, it ranged from 0.24 to 0.56 with Papua New Guinea, Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Mexico. Population structure analysis indicated that the optimal number of clusters for all populations was 7, with the population at the China-Myanmar border comprised primarily of groups K1 to K6, dominated by K5. Haplotype network analysis showed strong geographical differentiation in the PvCHT1 gene, with four haplotype geographical clusters identified. Haplotype H5 was shared in all countries except inland China and Mexico. Conclusion PvCHT1 gene showing high conservation in the China-Myanmar border, which suggests that this gene can be a potential candidate target for transmission-blocking vaccines. Furthermore, significant geographical variation exists in the PvCHT1 gene among different populations. The findings indicate that design of the vaccine should be more targeted.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Bioactivity screening and component analysis of highly active plant essential oil against Culex pipiens pallens  LEI Jingjing, LI Yaping, LOU Ziwei, ZANG Chuanhui, CHENG Peng, GONG Maoqing, LIU Lijuan 2024, 22 (2):  97-101.  Abstract ( 20 )   PDF (1038KB) ( 14 )   Objective To screen a plant essential oil with high biological activity against both larvae and adults of Culex pipiens pallens to obtain essential oil component with biological activity against Cx. pipiens pallens. Methods The insecticidal activity of 19 kinds of plant essential oil against Cx. pipiens pallens larvae was determined by liquid culture method, the fumigation activity to female adult mosquitoes of essential oil with 24-hour mortality over 50.00% in larval toxicity test was determined by closed triangular flask fumigation method. Then the essential oil with high activity against both larva and adult mosquitoes was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results The essential oil extracted from Allium fistulosum and Lantana camara had good activity against the third instar larvae of Cx. pipiens pallens. At the test concentration of 80 μg/mL, the mortality rate of mosquito larvae within 24 h reached as high as 100.00%. The activity of Cyperus rotundus, Santalum album, Cinnamomum cassia and Cedrus deodara essential oil ranked the second on the candidate list, leading to the 24 h mortality rates of mosquito larvae being 91.67%, 91.67%, 88.33% and 83.33%, respectively. Fumigation test for the mosquitos using the 6 essential candidates described above revealed that the fumigation activity of A. fistulosum, Ce. deodara and Cy. rotundus was better, with median knockdown time (KT50) values being 5.31 min, 8.60 min and 9.49 min, respectively. GC-MS analysis was conducted on the components of A. fistulosum, Ce. deodara and Cy. rotundus, which had high activity against larvae and adult mosquitoes. The results showed that 32, 62 and 48 components were identified in A. fistulosum, Cy. rotundus and Ce. deodara essential oil, respectively. The extracted essential oil components were composed of hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, amines, ketones, acids, phenols, ester and other compounds. Conclusion The essential oil of Allium fistulosum, Cy. rotundus and Ce. deodara is potential value in control of vector mosquitoes, because it possesses high toxic activity against both larvae and adults of Cx. pipiens pallens.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among teachers in Jilin Province from 2012 to 2021 PAN Yan, MA Jianjun, ZHAO Qinglong, BAI Yunlong, GAO Zhihui, GAO Ying, ZHU Hong, MENG Xiangyi, MEI Yang 2024, 22 (2):  102-106.111.  Abstract ( 15 )   PDF (975KB) ( 9 )   Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of tuberculosis among teachers in Jilin Province  for evidence to improve the prevention and control strategy for pulmonary tuberculosis in school campus. Methods The tuberculosis cases of teachers registered in Jilin Province from 2012 to 2021 were retrieved from the tuberculosis management information system under the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Then the data on the teachers, including the temporal, regional and population distribution, ways to identify the infection and the intervals of treatment, were retrospectively analyzed. Results From 2012 to 2021, there were 529 teachers registered with active pulmonary tuberculosis in Jilin Province, with an average annual registered incidence of 13.63/100 000, which showed a decreasing trend (χ2 trend=33.695, P<0.05), with an annual decreasing rate of 11.32%. The year 2017 was a dividing line for the distribution of registration time. Between 2012 and 2016, the highest number of patients registered occurred in March (36 cases, 11.36%), the lowest number was in September (16 cases, 5.05%), yet between 2017 and 2021, the highest number of patients registered occurred in September (31 cases, 14.62%) and the lowest in February (9 cases, 4.25%). The patients were mainly distributed in the central region of Jilin (241 cases, 45.56%). There were 244 males and 285 females, with a sex reatio of 1∶1.17. Most of the patients were teachers ≥50 years old (188 cases, 35.54%). The most common way of finding tuberculosis patients in teachers was self-referral due to symptom (248 cases, 46.88%). The proportion of patients identified in follow-up showed an increasing trend over time (χ2trend =15.207, both P<0.05). The positive rate of etiology was 31%, which showed an increasing trend (χ2trend  =29.393, P<0.05). The rate of delayed treatment was 70.51% (373 cases) for the teachers, and showed a decreasing trend (χ2trend =7.478, P<0.05). The time from the first symptom to the first treatment was 30.00 (12.00, 45.00) days. Conclusion From 2012 to 2021, the prevalence of tuberculosis among teachers in Jilin Province showed a downward trend, yet weakness still remains in timely treatment and active detection of the patients. The findings suggest that health education and physical examination should be strengthened among the teachers so as to improve active detection, reduce delayed treatment, and prevent the spread of tuberculosis in school campus.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Application effect of graded nutritional intervention based on prognostic nutritional index in drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients LI Shuang, LIU Shengsheng, WANG Hua, FANG Xuehui, ZHAO Cunxi 2024, 22 (2):  107-111.  Abstract ( 14 )   PDF (941KB) ( 24 )   Objective To observe the application effect of graded nutritional intervention based on prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients for novel evidence for nutritional evaluation and intervention of such group of patients. Methods By random number sampling, we recruited the drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients treated in the Inpatient Department of Anhui Provincial Chest Hospital from January to July of 2023, and randomly assigned them to experimental group and control group. Patients in both groups were treated with anti-tuberculosis drugs. Then the patients in the experimental group were further divided into normal nutrition, mild malnutrition, moderate malnutrition and severe malnutrition according to PNI, and respectively given graded intervention, including nutrition education, nutrition education + diet instruction, nutrition education + diet instruction + enteral nutrition, nutrition education + diet instruction + enteral nutrition + parenteral nutrition. Patients in the control group just received routine nutritional intervention, mainly focusing on nutritional education. Finally, the two groups were compared regarding the nutritional status, immune function and clinical prognosis after nutritional intervention. Results After 3 months of intervention, the nutritional status indicators of hemoglobin, prealbumin and albumin were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group [(127.80±10.36) g/L, (196.69±28.86) mg/L and (44.78±4.51) g/L, respectively, vs. (123.12±9.93) g/L, (181.26±29.56) mg/L and (39.51±4.32) g/L]. The difference was significant (t=6.157, 4.235, 4.672, respectively, all P<0.05). Percentage of CD3+, CD4+ T cells and CD4+/CD8+ in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group following three months of intervention [(62.42±7.32)%, (42.52±4.57)% and (1.51±0.23) vs. (56.41±5.85)%, (39.13±3.57)% and (1.27±0.26), respectively], yet the percentage of CD8+ T cells was lower in the experimental group than that in the control group [(31.42±3.42)% vs. (35.01±3.06)%], with significant difference (t=9.121, 7.231, 8.031, 6.731, respectively, all P<0.05). At the 3 months of intervention, the sputum negative conversion rate, the lesion absorption rate and cavity closure rate was 91.67%, 89.58%, and 72.92%, respectively, which were higher in the experimental group than those in the control group (77.08%, 72.91%, and 56.25%, respectively). The difference was significant (χ2=7.089, 4.232, 7.253, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusion Graded nutritional intervention based on PNI for drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients can improve the levels of hemoglobin, albumin and prealbumin, then increase the sputum negative conversion rate, lesion absorption rate and cavity closure rate, thereby improving clinical prognosis of patients.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Follow-up evaluation on the implementation of Diagnostic Criteria for Angiostrongyliasis (WS/T 321—2010) in Fujian and Yunnan provinces HUANG Chunyan, LIU Yuhua, XIE Hanguo, YU Chenghang 2024, 22 (2):  112-116.  Abstract ( 22 )   PDF (1420KB) ( 21 )   Objective To understand the current status of implementing the Diagnostic Criteria for Angiostrongyliasis (WS/T 321—2010) for scientific evidences to promote and further refine this standard. Methods By stratified sampling, we conducted a survey on the professionals from the disease prevention and control institutions (hereafter referred to as disease control institutions) and medical institutions at the provincial, municipal, county, and township levels in Fujian Province and Yunnan Province. Self-administered questionnaire was used to investigate the implementation status of the Diagnostic Standard for Angiostrongyliasis (WS/T 321—2010). Results A total of 308 professionals were surveyed, and all of the questionnaires were validly retrieved. The awareness rate for the Standard was 71.10% (219/308). Among the subjects surveyed with different characteristics, those aged ≥50 (81.40%, 35/43), professionals working at prefecture level units (79.76%, 67/84) and in disease control institutions (88.24%, 105/119), engaging in parasitic disease prevention and control work (85.71%, 114/133), with senior professional titles (82.86%, 58/70), undergraduate education level (77.09%, 138/179), and public health majors (86.21%, 75/87) demonstrated higher awareness rates of the Standard. The awareness rate of the Standard showed an increasing trend with age and professional title (χ2trend=8.272, 8.258, all P<0.05). The main channels to acquire the knowledge were professional training (65.30%, 143/219) and self-access to the knowledge (60.73%, 133/219). Among 219 respondents, who were aware of the Standard 75.34% (165/219) had the chance to use the Standard in real work, and 15.98% (35/219) used it frequently. The popularity rate of promotional materials was the highest among different promotion methods (58.77%, 181/308), and 75.32% (232/308) of the respondents considered that the special lecture had a good dissemination effect. The rate for completely mastering the diagnostic principles, infection modes, clinical manifestations, laboratory testing methods, and diagnostic types were 94.81% (292/308), 33.12% (102/308), 42.21% (130/308), 37.99% (117/308) and 49.35% (152/308), respectively. The absolute majority of respondents (89.61%, 276/308) considered that the operability of the standard was good or fairly good. The promotion efforts (80.84%, 249/308) had the greatest impact on the implementation of the Standard, and 91.88% (283/308) of the respondents insisted that there was no need to amend the Standard in current stage. Conclusion The Diagnostic Standard for Angiostrongyliasis (WS/T 321—2010) is still applicable to the current diagnostic needs, and it is necessary to continue to increase the dissemination of the Standard among professionals to enhance their awareness and application levels. Related Articles | Metrics

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Survey on the work satisfaction of public health providers in township health centers in Anhui Province based on the Minnesota Scale  SONG Lü, LI Shanshan, LIANG Yuanyuan, ZHAO Dongjun, HU Xingqiang, DU Jin, LI Weidong, XU Qinghua 2024, 22 (2):  117-121.  Abstract ( 27 )   PDF (957KB) ( 26 )   Objective To understand the job satisfaction and influencing factors of grass-roots public health service practitioners in Anhui Province, and to put forward corresponding suggestions for improving the satisfaction. Methods By stratified random cluster sampling method, we conducted a survey on the public health service practitioners from township health centers in 39 counties in north, middle and south Anhui areas between January and April 2021. The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire was used to investigate the job satisfaction of the employees, and the influencing factors of job satisfaction were analyzed by multiple linear regression. Results A total of 5 430 township public health service practitioners from 723 townships health centers in 39 counties were investigated. There were 2 112 males (38.90%) and 3 318 females (61.10%). The majority of people between 30 and 39 years old (2 240, 41.25%), most of them had college education or above (3 934, 72.45%), clinical majors were the most studied (2 503, 46.10%), more people came from general township health centers (3 091, 56.92%). The overall job satisfaction score was (2.02±0.78), the internal score was (1.94±0.71) and the external score was (2.19±0.89), among which "My remuneration versus the amount of work I do" scored the highest (2.46±1.02), while "Being able to do something that does not go against my conscience" had the lowest score (1.74±0.65). Gender, professional title, scale of the organization and emphasis on training were the main factors affecting the job satisfaction of public health service practitioners working in township institutions (t=−4.61, 2.28, 2.70, −41.78, respectively, all P <0.05). Conclusion The overall satisfaction rate appears relatively higher in the public health providers working in the grass-root public health service organizations in Anhui Province, and the external satisfaction is slightly lower than the internal satisfaction. The satisfaction for this group of professionals can be further improved through efforts to strengthen the talent development, modify the working conditions and optimize compensation packages. Related Articles | Metrics

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Report of one case of coccidioidomycosis with literature review PAN Tianyu, LIU Hongwei, SHEN Meili, LI Yonghuai, WU Tongheng 2024, 22 (2):  122-128.  Abstract ( 18 )   PDF (1205KB) ( 8 )   This paper reports a case of coccidioidomycosis caused by Coccidioides posadasii. The patient was admitted due to fever, cough and phlegm, skin rash visible on the head, face and body with pus inside. Laboratory tests presented white blood cell count of 14.25 × 109/L, an absolute value of 2.64 × 109/L for eosinophils, and 85.9 mg/L for hypersensitive C-reactive protein. Chest CT exposed a nodular shadow in the lower lobe of the right lung, with multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the mediastinum. The symptoms were not relieved after anti-infection and symptomatic medication. Metagenomics next-generation sequencing (mNGS) was performed on the skin tissue, purulent pus, and peripheral venous blood. The diagnosis of mNGS was confirmed as disseminated coccidioidomycosis, and the symptom was significantly improved after antifungal treatment. This article retrospectively analyzed the case data and searched for relevant literatures to investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnostic evidences, and treatment measures for this disease, with the diagnosis and treatment experience summarized to improve the understanding of coccidioidomycosis for clinical workers. Related Articles | Metrics