热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2024, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (3): 152-156.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2024.03.005

• 肾综合征出血热专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

2019—2023年安徽省肾综合征出血热流行特征与宿主动物监测分析

戴艳妮1(), 李青2, 储修杰2, 袁媛2, 孙永2, 龚磊1,2()   

  1. 1.蚌埠医科大学公共卫生学院,安徽蚌埠 233000
    2.安徽省疾病预防控制中心
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-11 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-06-28
  • 通信作者: 龚磊,E-mail: gong0516@sina.com
  • 作者简介:戴艳妮,女,硕士在读,研究方向:传染病预防与控制。E-mail: 158211481@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家疾控局公共卫生人才培养支持项目(202303)

Epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and surveillance results of animal host in Anhui Province, 2019-2023

DAI Yanni1(), LI Qing2, CHU Xiujie2, YUAN Yuan2, SUN Yong2, GONG Lei1,2()   

  1. 1. School of Public Health, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu 233000, Anhui Province, China
    2. Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Received:2024-05-11 Online:2024-06-20 Published:2024-06-28
  • Contact: GONG Lei, E-mail: gong0516@sina.com

摘要:

目的 探讨安徽省肾综合征出血热(hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, HFRS)流行特征,为该病的防治提供参考依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2019—2023年安徽省报告的HFRS病例资料,采用描述流行病学方法分析其流行特征,运用圆形分布法分析其季节特征。选取监测点开展鼠媒监测,采用夹夜法监测鼠密度,采用直接免疫荧光方法检测汉坦病毒抗原。结果 2019—2023年安徽省累计报告HFRS病例808例,死亡6例,年均发病率为0.262 4/10万,病死率为0.74%。16个地市均有病例报告,发病数居前3位的市分别是宣城市(227例)、滁州市和六安市(均为69例)、阜阳市(59例)。男女性病例数性别比为3.17∶1,患者年龄分布以50~59岁最多(占27.97%),职业以农民居多(占73.89%)。2019—2023年HFRS病例发病时间存在4—6月的春夏峰(占31.31%,253/808)和11月—次年1月的秋冬峰(占42.08%,340/808)两个发病高峰;圆形分布法分析结果显示,秋冬季(主高峰)及春夏季(次高峰)发病高峰日分别为12月8日和5月14日,高峰期分别为11月1日—次年1月15日和4月4日—6月25日。2019—2023年安徽省7个鼠媒监测点共放置鼠夹93 543夹·次,捕鼠总数2 623只,平均鼠密度为2.80%;共检测鼠肺2 147份,抗原阳性66份,平均鼠带病毒率为3.07%。结论 2019—2023年安徽省HFRS发病整体呈下降趋势,但暴发隐患依然存在,且发病有显著季节性,在高峰期前应尽早落实各项防控措施,有效控制HFRS的流行。

关键词: 肾综合征出血热, 流行特征, 宿主动物, 监测, 圆形分布法

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Anhui Province for reference basis for prevention and treatment of this disease. Methods The data of HFRS cases reported in Anhui Province from 2019 to 2023 were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method for identifying the epidemiological characteristics. Circular distribution method was used to analyze the seasonal characteristics. Monitoring sites in Anhui Province were selected to monitor the rodent vectors, and night-trap method was used to identify the rodent density. Hantavirus antigens were detected by direct immunofluorescence test. Results From 2019 to 2023, a total of 808 HFRS cases and 6 deaths were reported in Anhui Province, with an annual average incidence of 0.262 4/100 000. The case fatality rate was 0.74%. HFRS was reported in 16 cities and municipal administrations in Anhui Province from 2019 through 2023. The top 3 cities in terms of the number of incidence cases were Xuancheng City (227 cases), Chuzhou City (69 cases) and Lu’an City (69 cases), and Fuyang City (59 cases). The ratio of male cases to female cases was 3.17∶1. The infection was most seen in patients aged 50-59 years (27.97%), and in farmers by occupation (73.89%). The time of onset of HFRS cases in 2019-2023 was characterized by a spring/summer peak in April-June (31.31%,253/808) and a fall/winter peak in November-January of the following year (42.08%, 340/808). Circular distribution method analysis showed that the peak days of incidence in fall and winter (main peak) and spring and summer (sub-peak) were December 8 and May 14, respectively, and the peak periods were November 1-January 15 and April 4-June 25, respectively. Between 2019 and 2023, a total of 93 543 rat traps were placed in the 7 monitoring sites, and 2 623 rodents were captured. The average density was 2.80%. A total of 2 147 rodent lung specimens were tested, in which the positive antigens were detected in 66 specimens. The average virus carrying was 3.07% (66/2 147) for the rats. Conclusion There is an overall decreasing trend in the incidence of HFRS in Anhui Province from 2019 to 2023, yet the potential for HERS outbreaks still exists, and the time of incidence is obviously in seasonal fashion. The findings suggest that all preventive and control measures should be decided and implemented as early as possible before the peak period to effectively control the epidemic of HFRS.

Key words: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Epidemiological characteristics, Animal host, Monitoring, Circular distribution method

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