2019—2023年重庆市登革热媒介伊蚊监测结果分析

doi:10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2024.04.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解重庆市登革热媒介伊蚊密度、季节消长等规律，为制定登革热防控策略提供科学依据。方法收集2019—2023年重庆市39个区（县）媒介伊蚊监测结果，该监测每年4—11月进行，每月开展1次，于全市选择不同生境对其媒介伊蚊成蚊和幼蚊分别采用双层叠帐法、布雷图指数法进行监测；通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集同期重庆市登革热病例资料并分析。结果 2019—2023年，重庆市媒介伊蚊成蚊平均帐诱指数为1.63只/（顶·h），居民区、旧轮胎堆放地/废品站/工地、公园/竹林的帐诱指数分别为2.23、1.82、0.83只/（顶·h）；媒介伊蚊幼蚊平均布雷图指数为5.25，废旧物品堆放处和医院的平均布雷图指数分别为66.77、20.64，居民区、公园和工地的布雷图指数每年均处于相对较低水平，分别为4.38、4.12和2.46。2019—2023年重庆市报告登革热病例1 539例，其中输入性病例269例，本地病例1 270例；报告病例主要集中于2019年（输入性病例168例，本地病例1 243例）和2023年（输入性病例95例，本地病例27例）；所有本地病例均在8—11月报告；输入病例数与本地病例数具有相关性（r=0.857，P<0.05）。结论夏秋季重庆市应重点做好居民区、医院、废旧物品堆放处等生境的媒介伊蚊监测与控制工作，将蚊媒密度控制在传播风险阈值以内，防范由输入性病例引起本地病例甚至点状聚集性疫情的发生。

关键词: 登革热, 传播媒介, 伊蚊, 监测, 重庆市

Abstract:

Objective To understand the density and seasonal fluctuation of Aedes mosquitoes, vectors of dengue fever, in Chongqing area for scientific basis to formulate corresponding prevention and control strategies for dengue fever. Methods The results of Aedes vector surveillance were collected from 39 districts (counties) in Chongqing area from 2019 to 2023. The surveillance was monthly conducted every year from April to November. The adult and juvenile Aedes vector mosquitoes were monitored in different habitats across the city by double-layer tent method and Breitau index method, respectively. The data of dengue fever cases reported in Chongqing area in the corresponding periods were collected through China Disease Prevention and Control Information System and analyzed. Results From 2019 to 2023, the average net lure index of adult mosquitoes was 1.63 mosquitoes / (net·h), and the net lure index were 2.23, 1.82 and 0.83 mosquitoes / (net·h), respectively, for residential areas, old tire dump/scrap station/construction sites and park/bamboo forests. The average Braito index of mosquito larvae was 5.25, and the average annual Braito index were 66.77 and 20.64, respectively for waste dumps and hospitals. The annually Braito index were relatively lower in residential areas (4.38), parks (4.12) and construction sites (2.46). From 2019 to 2023, a total of 1 539 cases of dengue fever were reported in Chongqing area, including 269 imported cases and 1 270 local infections. Cases were mainly reported in 2019 (168 imported cases and 1 243 local cases) and 2023 (95 imported cases and 27 local cases). All local infections were concentrated between August and November. The number of imported cases was correlated with the number of local infections (r=0.857, P<0.05). Conclusion The surveillance and control of Aedes vector in residential areas, hospitals, waste dumps and other habitats should be intensified in Summer and Autumn to control the mosquito vector density within the transmission risk threshold. Meanwhile, the possibility of local cases or even spot clusters caused by imported cases should be prevented.

Key words: Dengue fever, Transmission vector, Aedes, Monitoring, Chongqing City

中图分类号:

R512.8，R384.1

肖汉森, 涂涛田, 王政, 张应, 魏晶, 季恒青. 2019—2023年重庆市登革热媒介伊蚊监测结果分析[J]. 热带病与寄生虫学, 2024, 22(4): 204-207.

XIAO Hansen, TU Taotian, WANG Zheng, ZHANG Ying, WEI Jing, JI Hengqing. Analysis on the surveillance results of dengue vector Aedes in Chongqing area from 2019 to 2023[J]. Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology, 2024, 22(4): 204-207.

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年份	伊蚊成蚊监测			伊蚊幼蚊监测
年份	布放蚊帐数（顶·次）	捕获伊蚊数（只）	帐诱指数 [只/（顶·h）]	调查户数（户）	调查积水容器数 [个（处）]	阳性容器数 [个（处）]	BI值
2019	940	964	2.05	31 295	50 843	1 081	3.45
2020	937	628	1.34	31 207	60 478	1 915	6.14
2021	936	589	1.26	31 015	64 336	1 593	5.14
2022	938	601	1.28	31 134	54 353	1 124	3.61
2023	942	1 041	2.21	32 570	63 373	2 541	7.80
合计	4 693	3 823	1.63	157 221	293 383	8 254	5.25

生境类型	2019年	2020年	2021年	2022年	2023年	平均
居民区	2.50	1.15	1.15	1.80	4.57	2.23
公园/竹林	1.08	1.09	1.09	0.57	0.31	0.83
旧轮胎堆放地/废品站/工地	2.58	1.81	1.57	1.39	1.76	1.82

生境类型	2019年	2020年	2021年	2022年	2023年	平均
居民区	3.01	4.80	4.45	2.71	6.94	4.38
医院	6.34	38.03	7.69	25.35	25.81	20.64
公园	3.25	5.56	8.96	2.84	0.00	4.12
工地	1.63	4.79	3.51	0.00	2.38	2.46
废旧物品堆放处	46.15	62.75	41.03	28.38	155.56	66.77

月份	媒介伊蚊监测平均值		登革热病例数平均值
月份	帐诱指数[只/（顶·h）]	BI值	输入性病例数（例）	本地病例数（例）
4月	0.70	3.35	2	0
5月	1.38	3.56	4	0
6月	2.33	5.92	5	0
7月	2.63	6.98	7	0
8月	2.21	6.10	7	12
9月	1.89	9.82	16	175
10月	1.46	4.74	8	65
11月	0.55	1.72	2	2