2005—2023年中国输入性登革热流行特征分析

doi:10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2024.04.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的分析我国输入性登革热病例的流行特征，为我国登革热的科学防控提供参考。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2005—2023年全国报告的输入性登革热病例，采用描述流行病学方法分析中国输入性登革热的时间、空间和人群特征，采用R 软件绘制热图和桑基图。结果 2005—2023年全国累计报告输入性登革热病例14 376例，病例数总体上呈现上升态势（2020—2022年除外），报告县（市、区）数与病例数的变化趋势基本一致。输入性病例分布在30个省（自治区、直辖市）的293个地市的1 454个县（市、区）。报告病例数较多的省份有云南省（5 778例，占40.19%）、广东省（2 634例，占18.32%）、福建省（1 165例，占8.10%）、浙江省（1 105例，占7.69%）、四川省（469例，占3.26%）和湖南省（457例，占3.18%）。输入性病例主要来自缅甸（5 260例，占36.59%）、柬埔寨（3 830例，占26.64%）、泰国（996例，占6.93%）、菲律宾（615例，占4.28%）、马来西亚（552例，占3.84%）、老挝（527例，占3.67%）、印度尼西亚（428例，占2.98%）和越南（416例，占2.89%）。输入性病例分布具有显著的季节性特征，集中在夏秋季，全国高峰期总体在6—11月，云南省高峰期为8—11月，广东、福建和浙江省高峰期为6—10月。输入性病例中国籍和外国籍比例为4.23∶1；男女性别比为2.01∶1；年龄集中在21~50岁（10 967例，占76.29%）；职业主要为农民/民工（4 268例，占29.69%）、商业服务（2 667例，占18.55%）、家务及待业（1 894例，占13.71%）。结论中国输入性登革热具有季节性特征，主要来自缅甸和柬埔寨，主要输入云南省和广东省，具有男性居多、年龄和职业聚集等特征，建议因时因地加强入境重点人群的登革热防控。

关键词: 登革热, 输入性病例, 流行特征, 中国

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported dengue fever cases in China for scientific evidences to plan prevention and control measures for this infection. Methods Imported dengue fever cases in China from 2005 to 2023 were collected from the Information System for Disease Prevention and Control in China. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, spatial and demographic characteristics of imported cases. Software R was used to draw the hotspot chart and Sankey map. Results From 2005 to 2023, a total of 14 376 imported dengue fever cases were reported nationwide. The overall numbers of cases showed a rapid upward trend (except for 2020-2022). The trend in the number of affected counties (cities/districts) was basically consistent with that in the number of cases. The imported cases were generally distributed in 1 454 counties (cities/districts) of 293 cities in 30 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government). The provinces with a higher number of imported cases included Yunnan (5 778 cases, 40.19%), Guangdong (2 634 cases, 18.32%), Fujian (1 165 cases, 8.10%), Zhejiang (1 105 cases, 7.69%), Sichuan (469 cases, 3.26%) and Hunan (457 cases, 3.18%). The infections were mainly imported from Myanmar (5 260 cases, 36.59%), Cambodia (3 830 cases, 26.64%), Thailand (996 cases, 6.93%), Philippines (615 cases, 4.28%), Malaysia (552 cases, 3.84%), Laos (527 cases, 3.67%), Indonesia (428 cases, 2.98%) and Vietnam (416 cases, 2.89%). The imported cases pictured seasonally, and were concentrated in summer and autumn, waved between June and November nationwide. The peak period of imported cases was from August to November in Yunnan Province, and from June to October in Guangdong, Fujian, and Zhejiang provinces. The ratio of Chinese and foreign cases was 4.23∶1. The male to female ratio of the cases was 2.01∶1. The age of the victims was mainly in 21-50 years (10 967 cases, 76.29%). The main occupations of the patients were farmers/migrant workers (4 268 cases, 29.69%), commercial services staff (2 667 cases, 18.55%) and housework & unemployment (1 894 cases, 13.71%). Conclusion Imported dengue fever in China presented seasonal characteristics, mainly from Myanmar and Cambodia and imported into Yunnan and Guangdong. The infections affected more males than females, with age group and occupational aggregation characteristics. The findings suggest that dengue fever prevention and control should be carried out in key populations according to time and place.

Key words: Dengue fever, Imported cases, Epidemiological characteristics, China

中图分类号:

R512.8，R181.3

岳玉娟, 伦辛畅, 董朝良. 2005—2023年中国输入性登革热流行特征分析[J]. 热带病与寄生虫学, 2024, 22(4): 198-203.

YUE Yujuan, LUN Xinchang, DONG Chaoliang. Epidemiological characteristics of imported dengue fever in China from 2005 to 2023[J]. Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology, 2024, 22(4): 198-203.

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分组	报告病例数（例）	构成比（%）	分组	报告病例数（例）	构成比（%）
性别			职业^a
男	9 594	66.74	农民/民工	4 268	29.69
女	4 782	33.26	商业服务	2 667	18.55
年龄（岁）			家务及待业	1 894	13.17
0~10	491	3.42	工人	1 261	8.77
11~20	1 010	7.03	学生	851	5.92
21~30	4 101	28.53	干部职员	686	4.77
31~40	4 041	28.11	散居/幼托儿童	286	1.99
41~50	2 825	19.65	离退人员	241	1.68
51~60	1 361	9.47	餐饮食品业	186	1.29
61~70	431	3.00	其他/不详	2 036	14.16
≥ 71	116	0.81