热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2024, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (3): 140-146.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2024.03.003

• 肾综合征出血热专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

2017—2022年甘肃省肾综合征出血热流行现状及危险因素研究

王瑞英1(), 丁凡2, 姚进喜1, 邬家龙1, 王赟1, 魏孔福1()   

  1. 1.甘肃省疾病预防控制中心,甘肃兰州 730000
    2.中国疾病预防控制中心
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-11 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-06-28
  • 通信作者: 魏孔福,E-mail: weikf2006@126.com
  • 作者简介:王瑞英,女,硕士,医师,研究方向:传染病预防与控制。E-mail: wry1185116185@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省自然科学基金项目(22JR11RA187)

Investigation on the endemic status and risk factors of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Gansu Province from 2017 to 2022

WANG Ruiying1(), DING Fan2, YAO Jinxi1, WU Jialong1, WANG Yun1, WEI Kongfu1()   

  1. 1. Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
    2. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Received:2023-12-11 Online:2024-06-20 Published:2024-06-28
  • Contact: WEI Kongfu, E-mail: weikf2006@126.com

摘要:

目的 分析甘肃省肾综合征出血热(hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, HFRS)的流行规律,探索影响居民HFRS发病的主要危险因素,为有针对性地制定HFRS防控策略和措施提供参考依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2017—2022年甘肃省报告的HFRS病例相关信息,对其三间分布进行描述性分析;对2020—2022年定西市岷县报告的HFRS病例开展病例对照研究,分析影响发病的主要危险因素。结果 2017—2022年,甘肃省累计报告HFRS病例747例,年均发病率为0.50/10万,2019年发病率最高,为1.28/10万。男、女报告病例分别为469例(占62.78%)和278例(占37.22%),年均报告发病率分别为0.61/10万和0.38/10万。不同年龄组中45~59岁的报告病例数最多(296例,占39.63%),其次是30~44岁年龄组(184例,占24.63%)。农民是发病的主要人群(487例,占65.19%),其次是牧民(133例,占17.81%)。发病主要集中在10—12月(569例,占76.17%),11月是发病高峰(262例,占35.07%)。报告病例主要集中在夏河县、岷县和灵台县3个县,其累计报告病例数为571例(占76.44%)。病例对照研究结果表明:未接种过HFRS疫苗(OR=5.99)、住房中有鼠洞(OR=3.99)、采挖整理药材时未戴口罩(OR=10.45)、食用过被鼠类污染的食物(OR=5.49)、接触过鼠类或鼠类排泄物(OR=11.64)、饮用过未烧开的生水(OR=6.97)可能是HFRS的危险因素。结论 2017—2022年甘肃省HFRS发病率呈现先上升后下降趋势,高发时间和地区均较为集中。针对高发地区,应适时开展预防接种和加强健康教育,改善居住环境,提高居民防护意识,引导居民形成良好饮食卫生习惯,降低感染风险。

关键词: 肾综合征出血热, 流行特征, 危险因素, 病例对照研究, 甘肃省

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological patterns of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Gansu Province, and investigate the primary risk factors affecting the incidence of HFRS among residents for reference in formulating targeted strategies and measures for prevention and control of this infection. Methods The relevant information of HFRS cases reported in Gansu Province from 2017 to 2022 was collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and descriptive analysis was conducted on the temporal, regional and demographic distribution of HFRS cases. Furthermore, a case-control study was carried out on HFRS cases reported in Min County, Dingxi City from 2020 to 2022 to analyze the primary risk factors affecting the incidence of this acute zoonotic condition. Results In total, 747 cases of HFRS were reported in Gansu Province from 2017 to 2022, with an average annual incidence of 0.50 per 100 000 population. The highest incidence occurred in 2019, reaching 1.28 per 100 000 population. The reported cases were 469 (62.78%) for males, and 278 (37.22%) for females, with an average annual reported incidence of 0.61/100 000 and 0.38/100 000 population, respectively for each gender. In different age groups, the number of reported cases was the largest in population aged 45-59 years (296 cases, 39.63%), followed by those aged 30-44 years (184 cases, 24.63%). Farmers were the most involved in HFRS (487 cases, 65.19%), followed by herdsmen (133 cases, 17.81%). The incidence of HFRS was mainly concentrated in October to December (569 cases, 76.17%), with the peak occurring in November (262 cases, 35.07%). The reported cases were mainly in Xiahe County, Min County and Lingtai County, with a cumulative number of reported cases being 571 (76.44%). The results of the case-control study showed that the potential risks for HFRS were associated with absence of vaccination against HFRS (OR=5.99), presence of rat cavity in the house (OR=3.99), no wearing a mask when digging and organizing herbs (OR=10.45), intake of food contaminated by rodents (OR=5.49), contact with rodents or rodent feces (OR=11.64), and drinking unboiled water (OR=6.97). Conclusion From 2017 to 2022, the incidence of HFRS in Gansu Province showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, with a concentrated period and area of high incidence. For the areas of high incidence, preventive vaccination, health education and improvement of the living environment should be carried out in due course to strengthen residents' awareness of protection and guide them to develop better dietary and hygienic habits, so as to reduce the risk of the infection.

Key words: Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, Epidemiological characteristics, Risk factors, Case-control studies, Gansu Province

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