热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2024, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (4): 248-251.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2024.04.012

• 临床研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染的临床特征分析

张盈(), 杨丽蓉, 王晨   

  1. 铜陵市人民医院,安徽铜陵 244000
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-30 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-08-30
  • 作者简介:张盈,女,本科,主治医师,研究方向:儿童呼吸道疾病诊疗。E-mail: 15956208725@163.com

Clinical characterization of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children

ZHANG Ying(), YANG Lirong, WANG Chen   

  1. Tongling People's Hospital, Tongling 244000, Anhui Province, China
  • Received:2023-11-30 Online:2024-08-20 Published:2024-08-30

摘要:

目的 分析住院患儿呼吸道合胞病毒(respiratory syncytial virus, RSV)感染的临床特征,为临床诊疗提供参考依据。方法 收集2022年8月—2023年7月铜陵市人民医院呼吸道感染住院患儿的咽拭子标本,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对咽拭子标本进行RSV、人腺病毒、甲型流感病毒、乙型流感病毒、副流感病毒1型和3型、人鼻病毒、肺炎支原体等8种常见呼吸道病原体检测;分析RSV感染病例的人群分布、临床症状、实验室检查、临床诊断等。结果 共收集3 145例患儿咽拭子标本,检出RSV感染366例,检出率为11.64%。RSV感染病例中男性208例,女性158例;年龄1个月~10岁,年龄中位数2(1,3)岁,以2岁及以下患儿为主(218例,占59.56%)。病例数高峰期出现在2023年4—5月(276例,占75.41%)。单纯RSV感染318例(占86.89%),混合感染48例(占13.11%)。病例临床症状以咳嗽(345例,占94.26%)、发热(312例,占85.25%)、喘息(139例,占37.98%)为主。实验室指标中,白细胞计数、中性粒细胞比例、淋巴细胞比例、单核细胞比例及血小板计数大多在正常值范围,超敏C反应蛋白主要表现为升高(184例,占50.27%)。临床诊断前3位依次为支气管肺炎(208例,占56.83%)、急性支气管炎(93例,25.41%)、急性毛细支气管炎(39例,占10.66%)。结论 RSV感染病例主要为2岁及以下儿童,感染类型以单纯感染为主;临床特征以咳嗽、发热和喘息及超敏C反应蛋白升高为主,临床上应予以关注,以降低重症发生的风险。

关键词: 呼吸道感染, 呼吸道合胞病毒, 儿童, 临床特征

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in hospitalized children for evidence in clinical diagnosis and treatment of this infection. Methods Throat swab samples were collected from the children treated in Tongling People's Hospital due to respiratory infection between August 2022 and July 2023. Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the common respiratory pathogens, including RSV, human adenovirus, influenza A and B virus, parainfluenza virus type 1 and 3, human rhinovirus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Then RSV infection cases were analyzed for the population distribution, clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and clinical diagnosis. Results RSV infection was detected in 366 of the 3 145 throat swab samples collected from the pediatric patients, with a detection rate of 11.64%. In total, 208 were boys, and 158 girls. The age ranged from 1 month to 10 years, with a median age of 2 (1, 3) years. Most infection occurred in children aged 2 years old and below (218 cases, 59.56%), and the peak of the number of cases was seen in April and May in 2023 (276 cases, 75.41%). Among all cases, 318 cases (86.89%) were single RSV infection and 48 cases (13.11%) were mixed infection. The clinical symptoms of the cases were dominated by cough (345 cases, 94.26%), fever (312 cases, 85.25%) or wheezing (139 cases, 37.98%). Laboratory indicators, including white blood cell count, neutrophil ratio, lymphocyte ratio, monocyte ratio and platelet count, were generally within the normal range, whereas high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level in cases were mainly elevated (184 cases, 50.27%). The top three clinical diagnoses were bronchopneumonia (208 cases, 56.83%), acute bronchitis (93 cases, 25.41%) and acute bronchiolitis (39 cases, 10.66%). Conclusion RSV infection seems primarily affecting children under 2 years old and below, and the infection type is dominated by simple infection. The clinical pictures are mainly characterized by cough, fever, wheezing and elevated level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Clinical attention should be paid to reduce the risks of the infection progressing to severe condition.

Key words: Respiratory tract infection, Respiratory syncytial virus, Children, Clinical characteristics

中图分类号: