血蜱种类、分布及其携带病原体的研究进展

doi:10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2024.06.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蜱是一种专性吸血的体表寄生虫，同时也是多种病原体的传播媒介。血蜱属作为硬蜱科第二大属，其种类丰富、分布广泛、携带病原体众多，具有重要的公共卫生意义，是备受学界关注的蜱类。本文重点就近年来国内外血蜱种类、分布以及携带病原体等方面的研究进展进行综述，为蜱传疾病的研究和防控提供参考。

关键词: 血蜱属, 长角血蜱, 嗜群血蜱, 褐黄血蜱, 种类, 分布, 病原体

Abstract:

Ticks are obligatory blood-sucking ectoparasites and vectors of a variety of pathogens. As the second largest genus of the Ixodidae, Haemaphysalis is of great public health significance and attracts much attention from the academic community because it holds the characteristics of diverse species, wide distribution and potentially carrying multiple pathogens. This review focuses on the research progress of the species, distribution and pathogen carriers of Haemaphysalis at home and abroad in recent years, so as to provide references for the prevention and control of Haemaphysalis-borne diseases.

Key words: Haemaphysalis, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis concinna, Haemaphysalis flava, Species, Distribution, Pathogen

中图分类号:

R384.4

杜超博, 孙毅, 江佳富, 杜春红. 血蜱种类、分布及其携带病原体的研究进展[J]. 热带病与寄生虫学, 2024, 22(6): 321-327.

DU Chaobo, SUN Yi, JIANG Jiafu, DU Chunhong. Research progress on the species, distribution and pathogens carried of Haemaphysalis[J]. Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology, 2024, 22(6): 321-327.

图/表 2

表1

长角血蜱可携带的病原体种类

分类	科	种类
细菌性病原体	螺旋体	阿弗西尼疏螺旋体（Borrelia afzelii）^[59]、宫本疏螺旋体（B. miyamotoi）^[60]、伽氏疏螺旋体（B. garinii）^[61]、日本疏螺旋体（B. japonica）^[62]、狭义伯氏疏螺旋体（B. burgdorferi sensu stricto）^{[63] }、B. valaisiana*-related^[59]
	立克次体	加拿大立克次体（Rickettsiae canadensis）^[6]、立氏立克次体（R. rickettsii）^[6]、日本立克次体（R. japonica）^[47]、劳氏立克次体（R. raoultii）^[47]、黑龙江立克次体（R. heilongjiangensis）^[64]、景新立克次体（Candidatus R. jingxinensis）^[47]、新塔拉塞维奇立克次体（Ca. R. tarasevichiae）^[63]、Ca. R. jiaonani^[63]、Ca. R. hebeiii^[63]、Ca. R. longicornii^[65]、Ca R. xinyangensis*^[66]、R. sp. LON-13^[67]
	无形体	牛无形体（Anaplasmataceae bovis）^{[47] }、山羊无形体（A. capra）^[47]、嗜吞噬细胞无形体（A. phagocytophilum）^[47]、绵羊无形体（A. ovis）^[47]、中央无形体（A. centrale）^[64]、扁平无形体（A. platys）^[68]、边缘无形体（A. marginale）^[69]、Ca. A. shandongensis^[48];尤因埃立克体（Ehrlichia ewingii）^[6]、查菲埃立克体（E. chaffeensis）^[59]、米库雷氏新埃立克体（Ca. Neoehrlichia mikurensis）^{[59] }、犬埃立克体（E. canis）^[68]、Ca. E. luquansis^[47] 、E. sp. Yonaguni*^[63]
	柯克斯体	贝纳柯克斯体（Coxiella burnetii）^[6]*
	布鲁氏菌	羊布鲁氏菌（Brucellaceae melitensis）^[70]
	巴尔通体	汉赛巴尔通体（Bartonella henselae）^[71]、格拉汉姆巴尔通体（B. grahamii*）^[71]
	苍白杆菌	鹰嘴豆苍白杆菌（Ochrobactrum ciceri）^[70]、O. intermedium^[70]
	弗朗西斯氏菌	土拉弗朗西斯菌（Francisella tularensis）^[45]、Francisella*-like endosymbionts^[46]
原虫	巴贝虫	卵形巴贝虫（Babesia ovata）^[53]、大巴贝虫（B. major）^[59]、莫氏巴贝虫（B. motasi）^[63] 、吉氏巴贝虫（B. gibsoni）^[68]、田鼠巴贝虫（B. microti）^{[72] }、犬韦氏巴贝虫（B. canis vogeli）^[72]、B. spp Xinjiang^[63]
	泰勒虫	吕氏泰勒虫（Theileria luwenshuni）^[47] 、环形泰勒虫（T. annulata）^[63]、尤氏泰勒虫（T. uilenbergi ）^[63]、瑟氏泰勒虫（T. sergenti）^[72] 、东方泰勒虫（T. orientalis）^[73]、T. buffeli^[72]
	肝簇虫	猫肝簇虫（Hepatozoon felis）^[47]
	弓形虫	刚地弓形虫（Toxoplasma gondii）^[74]*
病毒	黄病毒	蜱传脑炎病毒（Tick-borne encephalitis virus）^[75]、兰格特病毒（Orthoflavivirus langatense）^[76]、波瓦桑病毒（Orthoflavivirus powassanense*）^[51]
	白纤病毒	大别班达病毒（Bandavirus dabieense）^{[77, 80]}、中原病毒（Bandavirus heartlandense）^{[79] }、 Black legged tick phlebovirus^[63]
	副黏病毒	荆门病毒（Parahenipavirus jingmenense）^[78]*
	内罗病毒	内罗毕绵羊病病毒（Orthonairovirus nairobiense）^[77]*
	细小病毒、沙粒病毒等其他	博卡病毒（Bocavirus）^[63]、淋巴细胞脉络丛脑膜炎病毒（Mammarenavirus choriomeningitidis）^[81]、Bole tick virus^[63]、South Bay virus^[78]

表1

表2

嗜群血蜱可携带的病原体种类

分类	科	种类
细菌性病原体	螺旋体科	阿弗西尼疏螺旋体（Borrelia afzelii )^{[5] }、伯氏疏螺旋体（B. burgdorferi* ）^{[5] }、宫本疏螺旋体（B. miyamotoi）^{[5] }、B. garinii^{[5] *}
	立克次体	康氏立克次体（Rickettsiae conorii）^{[5] }、黑龙江立克次体（R. heilongjiangensis）^{[5] }、赫氏立克次体（R. helvetica）^{[5] }、日本立克次体（R. japonica）^{[5] }、摩纳哥立克次体（R. monacensis）^{[5] }、西伯利亚立克次体（R. sibirica）^{[5] }、R. aeschlimannii^{[5] }、R. argasii^{[5] }、R. raoultii^{[5] }、Ca. R. tarasevichiae^{[5] }、Ca. R. principis^[82]、Ca. R. kotlanii^[83]
	无形体	牛无形体（Anaplasmataceae bovis）^{[5] }、羊无形体（A. ovis）^{[5] }、嗜吞噬细胞无形体（A. phagocytophilum）^{[5] };查菲埃立克体（Ehrlichia chaffeensis）^{[5] }、米库雷氏新埃立克体（Ca. Neoehrlichia mikurensis）^{[5] }、E. muris^{[5] }
	柯克斯体	贝纳柯克斯体（Coxiella burnetii）^{[5] *}
	弗朗西斯氏菌	土拉弗朗西斯菌（Francisella tularensis)^{[5] *}
	其他	痤疮皮肤杆菌（Cutibacterium acnes）^{[5] }、耶氏副球菌（Paracoccus yeei）^{[5] }、氧化节杆菌（Paeudarthrobacter oxydans）^{[5] *}
原虫	巴贝虫	双芽巴贝虫（Babesia bigemina）^{[5] }、分歧巴贝虫（B. divergens）^{[5] }、田鼠巴贝虫（B. microti）^{[5] }、猎户巴贝虫（B. venatorum）^{[82] }、犬巴贝虫（B. canis）^[83]、B. sensu stricto^[83] 、B. cf. crassa^{[5] }、B. sp. Bime^{[5] }
原虫	泰勒虫	Theileria sp. ZS TO4^[84]
病毒	内罗病毒	松岭病毒（Orthonairovirus songlingense）^{[5] }、克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒（Orthonairovirus haemorrhagiae）^{[5] }、布拉纳病毒（Orthonairovirus buranaense）^[83]、北极病毒（Norwavirus beijiense）^{[5] }、湿地病毒（Wetland virus）^{[85] }
	黄病毒	蜱传脑炎病毒（Tick-borne encephalitis virus）^{[5] }、阿龙山病毒（Alongshan virus）^{[5] }
	白纤病毒	大别班达病毒（Bandavirus dabieense）^{[5] }、穆卡瓦病毒（Phlebovirus mukawaense）^{[5] }
	副黏病毒、疱疹病毒等	荆门病毒（Parahenipavirus jingmenense）^{[5] }、鼠γ疱疹病毒68（Murine gammaherpesvirus 68）^[83]、Nuomin virus^{[5] }

表2

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