热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2024, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (3): 164-171.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2024.03.007

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2023年青海省隆宝滩棘球绦虫虫卵污染情况调查

孙晨清1(), 杨诗杰1, 韩帅1, 王旭1, 陈军虎1, 洪炀1, 张颋1, 张仁杰1, 贺耿城1, 马霄2, 赵存哲2, 龚春花3, 王吉鹏4, 周晓农1()   

  1. 1.中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所(国家热带病研究中心),传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点 实验室,国家卫生健康委员会寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室,世界卫生组织热带病合作中心,科技部国家级热带病国际联合研究中心,上海 200025
    2.青海省地方病预防控制所
    3.玉树市疾病预防控制中心
    4.复旦大学生命科学学院
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-09 出版日期:2024-06-20 发布日期:2024-06-28
  • 通信作者: 周晓农,E-mail: zhouxn1@chinacdc.cn
  • 作者简介:孙晨清,女,硕士在读,研究方向:空间流行病学。E-mail: 1104166322@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2300800)

Investigation on the contamination status of Echinococcus eggs in environmental samples in Longbaotan, Qinghai Province in 2023

SUN Chenqing1(), YANG Shijie1, HAN Shuai1, WANG Xu1, CHEN Junhu1, HONG Yang1, ZHANG Ting1, ZHANG Renjie1, HE Gengcheng1, MA Xiao2, ZHAO Cunzhe2, GONG Chunhua3, WANG Jipeng4, ZHOU Xiaonong1()   

  1. 1. National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases; National Health Commission Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Biology; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200025, China
    2. Qinhai Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control
    3. Yushu Center for Disease Control and Prevention
    4. School of Life Science, Fudan University
  • Received:2024-04-09 Online:2024-06-20 Published:2024-06-28
  • Contact: ZHOU Xiaonong, E-mail: zhouxn1@chinacdc.cn

摘要:

目的 了解青海省隆宝滩地区棘球绦虫虫卵的环境污染情况,为有针对性地制定棘球蚴病防治措施提供依据。方法 2023年3—4月,在青海省玉树市隆宝镇措桑村的养犬户家庭、村内主要街道及野外区域,分别采集犬科动物粪便、动物毛发、水、土壤、草和食物等不同类型的环境样本,利用PCR技术检测样本棘球绦虫虫卵并比较检出率差异。采用ArcGIS软件并结合ASTER GDEM高程数据,制作样本分布高程地图。结果 共采集环境样本400份,棘球绦虫虫卵总检出率为13.50%(54/400);其中犬科动物粪便、动物毛发、水、土壤、草、食物的检出率分别为30.43%(42/138)、5.33%(4/75)、15.38%(2/13)、5.26%(6/114)、0(0/37)、0(0/23)。138份犬科动物粪便中,19份野外粪便未能通过PCR鉴定出动物宿主;其余119份样本中,犬、藏狐、赤狐粪便虫卵检出率分别为11.29%(7/62)、48.84%(21/43)、50.00%(7/14),差异有统计学意义(χ2=20.481,P<0.05)。138份犬科动物粪便中,细粒棘球绦虫、多房棘球绦虫和石渠棘球绦虫虫卵检出率分别为2.17%(3/138)、18.12%(25/138)和16.67%(23/138),差异有统计学意义(χ2=19.858,P<0.05)。75份动物毛发样本中,犬、牛的毛发检出率分别为6.06%(4/66)、0(0/9),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。13份水样本中,野外河流溪水、村内井水和村内积水的虫卵检出率分别为20.00%(2/10)、0(0/2)和0(0/1),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。114份土壤样本中,养犬户家庭、村内主要街道和野外土壤虫卵检出率分别为15.00%(3/20)、15.00%(3/20)和0(0/74),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。动物毛发、水和土壤样本中检出的虫卵均为细粒棘球绦虫。在虫卵分布方面,检出虫卵的犬科动物粪便高度集中于野外道路附近地域,其他环境检出虫卵的样本无明显集中趋势。结论 青海隆宝滩地区环境虫卵污染严重且分布广泛,需继续采取犬(特别是未拴养犬)及野外传染源(狐狸)驱虫等防控措施,以减少棘球绦虫虫卵对环境的污染,降低棘球蚴病传播风险。

关键词: 棘球绦虫, 棘球蚴病, 虫卵, 环境, 污染, 隆宝滩

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the environmental contamination status of Echinococcus eggs in Longbaotan area of Qinghai Province for evidence to formulate targeted measures in controlling echinococcosis. Methods From March to April 2023, we collected different types of environmental samples, including canine feces, animal hair, water, soil, grass and food, from the dog households, main streets in the villages and wild areas. PCR technology was used to detect Echinococcus eggs in the samples from different sources, and the detection rate of eggs was compared. ArcGIS software combined with ASTER GDEM elevation data was used to make the elevation map of sample distribution. Results A total of 400 environmental samples were harvested. The total detection rate of Echinococcus eggs was 13.50% (54/400). Of the samples obtained, 138 were canine feces, 75 animal hair, 13 water, 114 soil, 37 grass and 23 food, in which the detection rate of Echinococcus eggs was 30.43% (42/138), 5.33% (4/75), 15.38% (2/13), 5.26% (6/114), 0 (0/37) and 0 (0/23), respectively. Among 138 aliquots of canine faeces, the animals hosts were failed to be identified in the 19 aliquots of wild canine feces by PCR. Of the other 119 samples, the detection rates of Echinococcus egg in the feces of dog, Tibetan fox and red fox were 11.29% (7/62), 48.84% (21/43) and 50.00% (7/14), respectively, with significant difference (χ2=20.481, P<0.05). The egg detection rates of Echinococcus granulosus, E. multilocularis and E. shiquicus were 2.17% (3/138), 18.12% (25/138) and 16.67% (23/138), respectively, with significant difference (χ2=19.858, P<0.05). In the 75 animal hair samples, the detection rates of Echinococcus egg in dog hair and cow hair were 6.06% (4/66) and 0 (0/9), respectively, with no significant difference (P>0.05). Of the 13 water samples, the detection rates of Echinococcus egg in wild river and streams, village well water and stagnant water were 20.00% (2/10), 0 (0/2) and 0 (0/1), respectively, with no significant difference (P>0.05). Among the 114 soil samples, the detection rates of Echinococcus egg in dog households, main streets and fields were 15.00% (3/20), 15.00% (3/20) and 0 (0/74), respectively, with significant difference (P<0.05). The eggs detected in animal hair, water and soil samples were from E. granulosus. In terms of distribution of the eggs, the feces of canines detected with eggs was highly concentrated in areas near field roads, and there was no obvious concentration trend in the samples of eggs detected in other environments. Conclusion The environmental contamination of Echinococcus eggs in Longbaotan area is serious and widely distributed. Our findings suggest that it is necessary to continue to take prevention and control measures such as deworming of dogs (especially unleashed dogs) and wild infectious sources (foxes) to reduce the pollution of eggs and the transmission risk of echinococcosis.

Key words: Echinococcus, Echinococcosis, Eggs, Environment, Contaminate, Longbaotan

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