2022—2023年合肥市市售花生黄曲霉毒素B1污染状况及膳食暴露风险评估

doi:10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2024.04.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解合肥市市售花生中黄曲霉毒素B₁（aflatoxins B₁, AFT B₁）污染情况，进行相应的膳食暴露和健康风险评估，为相关防控措施的制定提供参考。方法 2022—2023年通过随机抽样的方式采集合肥市9个县（市、区）中的花生样品，使用同位素稀释液相色谱-串联质谱法对样品中AFT B₁的含量进行测定；通过问卷调查的方式了解合肥市人群的坚果消费情况，以坚果消费量代替花生消费量。分析不同特征人群经花生AFT B₁暴露的情况，估算暴露限值（margin of exposure, MOE）和肝癌发病风险。结果 2022—2023年共对合肥市79份花生样品开展AFT B₁检测，检出率为45.57%（36/79），超标率为13.92%（11/79）。男性、女性坚果消费量分别为（4.61±6.12）g/d和（5.21±6.44）g/d，差异无统计学意义（t=1.279，P>0.05）；6~17岁、18~59岁以及≥60岁人群的坚果消费量分别为（4.90±6.28）g/d、（3.53±5.66）g/d和（3.90±6.14）g/d，差异有统计学意义（F=7.134，P<0.01）。6~17岁、18~59岁和≥60岁人群经花生的AFT B₁每日膳食暴露量分别为1.70、0.99和1.04 ng/（kg·d），MOE分别为236、403和385，引发的肝癌发病风险分别为每年0.04例/10万人、0.03例/10万人和0.03例/10万人；当严格执行AFT B₁限量标准后，MOE分别为7 003、11 961和11 438，发病风险可分别降至每年0.001 5例/10万人、0.000 8例/10万人和0.000 9例/10万人。结论合肥市售花生样品中AFT B₁检出率较高，建议对合肥市花生中AFT B₁污染水平开展更加全面和持续性的监测工作，并积极采取有效的控制措施，以保障居民的食品安全。

关键词: 黄曲霉毒素B₁, 花生, 膳食暴露, 风险评估, 合肥市

Abstract:

Objective To understand the contamination status of aflatoxins B₁(AFT B₁) in the peanuts on the market in Hefei area, and conduct a dietary exposure risk and health risk assessment of AFT B₁for reference to develop relevant control measures. Methods The peanut samples were obtained across 9 counties/districts in Hefei City by random sampling method between 2022 and 2023, and subjected to determination of the concentration of AFT B₁ using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Additionally, questionnaire response was made in the residents in Hefei area to understand consumption status for the nuts that represented the peanut consumption quantity. Finally, the exposure to AFT B₁ through peanuts among different populations with distinct characteristics was analyzed to estimate the margin of exposure (MOE) and the risk of liver cancer development. Results AFT B₁ was detected in the 79 aliquots of peanuts sampled in Hefei area between 2022 and 2023. The detection rate was 45.57% (36/79), and 13.92% (11/79) of the positive samples exceeded the China national tolerance limit. The nut consumption was (4.61±6.12) g/d for males, and (5.21±6.44) g/d for females, which had no significant difference between genders (t=1.279, P>0.05). The daily nut consumption was (4.90±6.28), (3.53±5.66) and (3.90±6.14) g/d, respectively for population aged 6-17 and 18-59 years as well as those over 60 years. The difference was significant (F=7.134, P<0.01). The estimated daily intake (EDI) was 1.70, 0.99 and 1.04 ng/(kg·d), respectively for population aged 6-17, 18-59 and over 60 years, the MOE was 236, 403 and 385, the liver cancer risk from this exposure was 0.04, 0.03 and 0.03 cancer patient per 100 000 person every year. Upon restricted dietary exposure to AFT B₁, the MOE was 7 003, 11 961 and 11 438, the cancer risk arising from AFT B₁intake can be decreased to 0.001 5, 0.000 8 and 0.000 9 cancer patient per 100 000 persons every year, respectively for the population group aforementioned. Conclusion AFT B₁ was highly detected in the peanuts on the market in Hefei City, which suggests that full actions should be taken to continuously monitor contamination of AFT B₁ in the peanuts, and relevant authorities shall also take more effective control measures to ensure food security for the residents in Hefei City.

Key words: Aflatoxins B₁, Peanuts, Dietary of exposure, Risk assessment, Hefei City

中图分类号:

R155.5

李昌安, 张维, 刘雯雯, 章剑. 2022—2023年合肥市市售花生黄曲霉毒素B₁污染状况及膳食暴露风险评估[J]. 热带病与寄生虫学, 2024, 22(4): 223-226.

LI Chang’an, ZHANG Wei, LIU Wenwen, ZHANG Jian. Contamination status and risk assessment of dietary exposure to aflatoxins B₁ in peanuts on the market in Hefei City from 2022 to 2023[J]. Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology, 2024, 22(4): 223-226.

图/表 2

参考文献 23

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年份	采样数（份）	检出情况		超标情况		AFT B₁含量（μg/kg）
年份	采样数（份）	检出数（份）	检出率（%）	超标数（份）	超标率（%）	M（Q₁, Q₃）	最低值	最高值
2022	30	11	36.67	5	16.67	0.010（0.010, 1.087）	0.010	121.500
2023	49	25	51.02	6	12.24	0.028（0.005, 1.305）	0.005	781.094
合计	79	36	45.57	11	13.92	0.010（0.005, 1.247）	0.005	781.094

2022—2023年合肥市市售花生黄曲霉毒素B₁污染状况及膳食暴露风险评估

Contamination status and risk assessment of dietary exposure to aflatoxins B₁ in peanuts on the market in Hefei City from 2022 to 2023

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年龄组（岁）	体重（kg）	花生消费量（g/d）	EDI[ng/（kg·d）]	MOE	肝癌发病风险（例/10万人）
6~17	50.00±17.58	4.90±6.28	1.70	236	0.04
18~59	61.00±12.72	3.53±5.66	0.99	403	0.03
≥ 60	65.00±9.59	3.90±6.14	1.04	385	0.03

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