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Human parasitic diseases and uncommon or rare parasitic diseases in China WU Zhong-dao Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (3): 121-125.   Abstract （1012）      PDF （884KB）（4356）       Knowledge map    China is a country with parasitic diseases being widespread, some of which seriously bring harm to people's health and hinder economic and social development. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Party and the state have attached great importance to the prevention and control of parasitic diseases, and remarkable achievements have been made in the prevention and control of parasitic diseases in China. However, with the increase of international exchanges, the change of ecological environment and the transformation of production and life style, uncommon or rare parasitic diseases occur frequently, which should be deserved great attention. In this paper, the types and classification of parasitic diseases in China were introduced, and the prevalence, prevention and control of common parasitic diseases in China were summarized. The concepts, types and diagnoses of uncommon or rare parasitic diseases were discussed in order to provide reference for colleagues in this field. Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemic status and prevention and control progress of cryptosporidiosis in China WANG Xu, SHEN Yu-juan, CAO Jian-ping Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (3): 136-148.   Abstract （1152）      PDF （1049KB）（4232）       Knowledge map    Protozoa of Cryptosporidium spp. can be transmitted through the activities of humans and animals, causing human cryptosporidiosis, which was considered as one of the six most important pathogens of diarrhea in the world. It is a great threat to children and immunocompromised people, and may cause outbreak of public health events. However, there are no effective drugs or vaccines for the treatment and prevention of this infection at present. Therefore, the prevention and control of cryptosporidiosis is extremely difficult, and has attracted more and more attention around the world. In this paper, we summarized the situation of cryptosporidium infection in human over 30 years since the first case of cryptosporidiosis was reported in China in 1987, discussed the risk factors of Cryptosporidium transmission such as water and food contamination, infection of domestic animals, and seasonal epidemic situation, and introduced the progress, challenges and strategies of cryptosporidiosis control in China. Based on the existing survey and research results, Cryptosporidium spp. that can infect humans are widely distributed in China, and patients of HIV/AIDS or malignant tumor and drug addicts are susceptible population that call for attention. The main pathogenic species include C. hominis and C. parvum.. Considering the risk factors and prevention and control status of cryptosporidiosis, comprehensive prevention and control strategies should be implemented in terms of monitoring networks, prevention and control measures, technologies, water purification and health education, and the "One Health" public health concept should be practiced in all links of "parasites-humans- reservoir host-environment", so as to achieve effective monitoring and control of cryptosporidiosis in China.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the HIV/AIDS epidemic characteristics in Hefei City from 1997 to 2022 SUN Jing, FENG Jinbao, ZHANG Xiaopeng, YAO Hui, DENG Xiaolan, CHEN Chaojie Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (4): 216-219,237.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.04.008 Abstract （439）   HTML （11）    PDF （3286KB）（3771）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and changing trends in patients infected with HIV/AIDS in Hefei area for evidence to formulate corresponding prevention and control measures. Methods The case data, reported in Hefei area from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2022, were initially retrieved from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, and then analyzed regarding the distribution characteristics of time, population and region in the victims of HIV/AIDS. Joinpoint regression was performed to analyze the changing trends in such patients. Results In total, 3 974 HIV/AIDS cases were cumulatively reported in Hefei area from 1997 to 2022. Of the victims, 3 608 (90.79%) were males, and 366 (9.21%) females. The ratio of male to female was 9.86∶1. The age ranging from 20 to 29 years was dominant (1 511 cases, 38.02%). After 2008, the proportion of 50 years old and above tended to grow in the reported cases (χ2trend=62.73, P<0.05). The infection was most seen in patients with college or higher educational background (1 670 cases, 42.02%). By occupation, the reported case number was large in service industry (1 805 cases, 45.42%). The proportion of cases reported in students had been on the rise since 2008 (χ2trend=32.08, P<0.05). The main way of transmission was involved in homosexual transmission (2 525 cases, 63.54%), and homosexual transmission tended to rise since 2003 (χ2trend=79.43，P<0.05). The infection was generally identified in detection and consultation (1 832 cases, 46.10%) and clinical visit (1 628 cases, 40.97%). Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the reported cases of HIV infection in Hefei area were at average annual percent change (AAPC) by 21.90% per year (Z=13.44, P<0.05). Conclusion The HIV/AIDS prevalence in Hefei is relatively stable. Among them, middle aged and elderly population, students and men who have sex with men should be the key groups of HIV/AIDS prevention and control. Health education on AIDS prevention and control should be strengthened for this group of people, and AIDS screening should continue to be strengthened to achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemic status and research progress of babesiosis in China CHEN Mu-xin, XUE Jing-bo, AI Lin, et al Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (3): 149-157.   Abstract （924）      PDF （1301KB）（3036）       Knowledge map    Babesiosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Babesia infection. Babesia is transmitted through tick bites, blood transfusion or organ transplantation, and primarily parasitizes intracellularly in the erythrocytes of humans or other vertebrates. Babesia infecting humans mainly comprises Babesia microti, B. venatorum, B. duncani, B. divergens, etc. Babesiosis distributed worldwidely. This disease occurs more frequently in summer and autumn, yet is a new and rare parasitic disease in China, therefore many patients failed to receive timely treatment due to unavailable sensitive and effective methods for diagnosis of basesiosis in clinic in the past. However, with highly sensitive molecular biology detection techniques being clinically introduced, more cases of babesiosis were identified and reported. This paper reviewed the case reports of human babesiosis in China since 1943, summarized the research progress in diagnosis, treatment and pathogenesis of babesiosis, and analyzed the challenges and prospects for the prevention and control of babesiosis in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on human Demodex mites and demodicidosis in China ZHAO Ya-e Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (3): 158-164.   Abstract （867）      PDF （993KB）（2741）       Knowledge map    Since Demodex was discovered in 1842 by Simon, human beings have experienced a long process of understanding the pathogenicity of Demodex, particularly, the contribution to the identification as well as prevention and control of demodicidosis by Chinese scholars can't be ignored. In this paper, the research progress in pathogenicity confirmation and pathogenic mechanism, diagnosis and detection, prevalence and control, as well as that at the molecular level of Demodex in China were reviewed, aiming at promoting the development of demodicosis prevention and control in greater extent, in order to reduce the harm of demodicosis to Chinese people, and improve the life quality and happiness index of our population. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in the investigation of Angiostrongylus cantonensis intermediate host snails GUO Yun-hai, ZHANG Yi Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (4): 185-190,196.   Abstract （540）      PDF （851KB）（2501）       Knowledge map    This paper reviewed the related investigations on the intermediate host snails of Angiostrongylus cantonensis, and recorded a total of 199 species in 49 families, including 11 families and 87 species of freshwater snails, and a total of 112 species of 38 families of terrestrial snails. In China, 33 species of 10 families have been reported, including 2 families and 11 species of freshwater snails, and 22 species under 8 families of terrestrial snails. Although the reported cases of angiostrongyliasis have been gradually decreasing in recent years in China, with the continuous spread of Pomacea spp., more natural foci of A. cantonensis have been found, and the risk of transmission of the disease continues to exist. The findings suggest that strengthening the investigation of related intermediate host snails is significant to understanding of epidemiology of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the study of medical helminth infection on host gut microbiome HU Yue, ZHAN Rong-jian, LÜ Zhi-yue Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (4): 228-234.   Abstract （456）      PDF （869KB）（2436）       Knowledge map    Medical helminth parasitizing in the intestines of mammals and humans can interact with and regulate gut microorganisms, alter the homeostasis and balance of host's intestinal microenvironment, and affect the development, progression and prognosis of diseases. In this paper, the study of medical helminth infection on host gut microbiota before and after treatment were summarized from the aspects of intestinal microecology, immune response and metabolic reaction, in order to provide a new perspective and theoretical basis of intestinal flora on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of parasitic diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the influence of parasite on intestinal flora and host immune function ZHU Wei, GAO Lei-ming, LIU Hai-xia, MI Rong-sheng, LI Zong-jie Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (6): 352-356.   Abstract （434）      PDF （874KB）（2374）       Knowledge map    Abstract: The interactions among parasites, intestinal flora and hosts are intricate, and parasite infection can not only alter the host's intestinal flora through the secretions or excretions in direct fashion, but also regulate the functions of host immune cells and immune organs, further affecting the development and progression of immune disorders of the hosts. This paper primarily reviews the impacts of parasitic infection on the species diversity and community structure of host intestinal flora, as well as the effects of parasitic infection on the immune homeostasis and immune diseases of the hosts. In addition, the action mechanism of parasitic infection on host intestinal flora was investigated, with an attempt to provide a reference for the treatment of parasitic diseases on targeting intestinal flora basis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress, challenges and countermeasures of schistosomiasis control in China CAO Zhi-guo Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (3): 130-135.   Abstract （1074）      PDF （899KB）（2135）       Knowledge map    Schistosomiasis is an important parasitic disease that seriously endangers human health and development of economy and society. It has a long history of prevalence and wide distribution in China. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, great achievements made in the prevention and control of schistosomiasis in China have attracted worldwide attention, and the current epidemic situation has been effectively controlled. However, many difficulties in achieving the elimination goal set forth in the outline of “Healthy China 2030” are waiting to overcome. This paper reviews the major progress of schistosomiasis control in China, analyzes the main challenges faced at present, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures to achieve the goal of elimination as scheduled. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of tea tree oil in the treatment of eye diseases caused by Demodex ZHENG Xin-wu, XIE Si-jian, XIE Wen-jun Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (1): 57-61.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.01.011 Abstract （706）   HTML （28）    PDF （838KB）（2090）       Knowledge map    Ocular Demodex infection can cause discomfort of the ocular surface and a variety of ocular conditions, and the incidence has been increasing in recent years. Tea tree oil and its derivatives not only have significant acaricidal effect, but also have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities, and are commonly used in the treatment of Demodex eye disease. Currently, various kinds of preparations from tea tree oil are available, yet the safety and optimal use of the related extract have not been fully clarified. This paper reviewed the mechanism, application, safety and efficacy of tea tree oil in the treatment of Demodex eye conditions, with an attempt to provide reference for clinical use of this extract for ocular Demodex infestation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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International aid and cooperation in public health of China: Progress and outlook HUANG Lu-lu, DING Wei, LU Shen-ning, et al Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (3): 174-180.   Abstract （1088）      PDF （959KB）（1858）       Knowledge map    International health aid represents an important part in foreign aid and foreign policy of China. With continual improvement in the economic development level and health management capacity over the past seven decades after the founding the of People's Republic of China, China has transformed the benefit of the recipient country to an aid donor. The content and mode of foreign aid have also constantly changed, with the range and extension of aid being further expanded and the ability to participate in global health governance being further enhanced. This article provides an overview on the primary course of China's foreign health service aid, sorts out the major ways and contents and analyzes opportunities and challenges of China's foreign public health aid and cooperation, and puts forward certain suggestions on the cooperation and participation in global public health governance of China.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the insecticide resistance in the important vector Aedes albopictus of Dengue fever in China LU Na, ZHOU Hong-ning Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (3): 165-169.   Abstract （886）      PDF （948KB）（1754）       Knowledge map    Dengue is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions, and represents one of the important public health problems in China. Aedes albopictus as the important vector of dengue fever widely occur in China. Currently, control of the density of Aedes albopictus primarily relies on use of insecticides, however, long-term spraying insecticide may result in drug resistance of Aedes albopictus. This paper reviewed the research progress of Aedes albopictus resistant to the insecticides, including pyrethroids, carbamates and organophosphorus, in recent years, with attempt to provide reference for rational use and formulation of effective strategies and control measures for this vector in China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of dietary structures on intestinal flora in population infected with Trichuris trichura ZHANG Yi-xin, WANG Long-jiang, LIU Jian-cheng, LIU Ping-ping, WANG Yong-bin, XU Yan, YAN Ge, BU Xiu-qin, ZHANG Dian-bo, LI Yue-jin, ZHANG Ben-guang Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (1): 35-43.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.01.007 Abstract （695）   HTML （26）    PDF （4420KB）（1749）       Knowledge map    Objective To investigate the effects of different dietary structures on the intestinal flora in population infected by Trichuris trichura (T. trichura) so as to lay a foundation for studying the relationship between intestinal diseases and diet in patients with T. trichura infection. Methods Thirty-four patients infected by T. trichura were recruited from five towns in Lanshan District, Rizhao City, Shandong Province, and their dietary information was collected and analyzed by 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing to determine the differences in intestinal flora diversity and species composition among T. trichura infected populations with different dietary structures. Results No association was found between high dietary intake and gut flora Alpha diversity or Beta diversity. The three dietary structures of vegetables, dairy products and meat products were significantly associated with the abundance and composition of intestinal flora.There were three species with significant differences in the intake of different vegetables at the genus level. The relative abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 in the PDV3 group with a daily intake of <300 g was higher than that in PDV1 group with a daily intake of >500 g, and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.211, P<0.05). The relative abundance of Ruminococcus in PDV3 group was significantly lower than that in PDV1 group (t=2.246, P<0.05), whereas the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was lower in PDV3 group than in PDV2 group with daily intake of 300-500 g. The difference was significant (t=2.610, P<0.05). Three species were significantly different in the intake of different dairy products at the genus level. The abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 in PDD2 group with daily intake of 300 g-500 g was higher than that in PDD1 group with daily intake of >500 g(t=3.025, P<0.05), contrarily, the abundance of the Alistipes in PDD3 group with daily intake <300 g was lower than that in PDD1 group (t=3.234, P<0.05). The abundance of Ruminococcaceae UCG-014 was significantly lower in PDD3 group than in PDD2 group (t=2.255, P<0.05). Three species with significant differences in the intake of different meat products at the genus level were observed. The abundance of the genus pair of Phascolarctobacterium and Ruminococcus 2 in PDM2 group with a daily intake of 120-200 g was lower than that in the PDM1 group, with significant difference between groups (t=2.672, P<0.05; t=2.731, P<0.05), yet the relative abundance of Dialister in PDM3 group with daily intake <120 g was lower than that in PDM2 group (t=2.402, P<0.05). Conclusion Different dietary structures affected the composition of intestinal flora in whipworm-infected populations. By supplementing the diet with vegetables, dairy products and meat products to reduce harmful bacteria such as Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and increasing beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and Alistipes can improve the immunity of the body and reduce or avoid the development of intestinal inflammatory diseases in people with T. trichura infection. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on effect of virus infection on apoptosis YANG Xiao-meng, LUO Yu-si, ZHANG Ke Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (5): 284-289.   Abstract （448）      PDF （1013KB）（1636）       Knowledge map    Virus infection is in close relationship with apoptosis of the host. Apoptosis of the infected host cells plays critical roles in the defense of virus invading. The active apoptosis of the host cells leads to the death of infected cells and then the clearance of virus. Meanwhile, in order to replicate more vial progenies and complete the viral life cycle in the host cells, inducing or inhibiting the apoptosis in host cells by virus would result in the occurrence of related-diseases, for example the persistent infection and tumor. This paper primarily reviewed the relationship between viral infection and apoptosis, with an attempt to provide novel ideas for exploring the pathogenesis of viral infectious diseases and developing new antiviral agents. Related Articles | Metrics

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Practice and consideration of ideological and political case teaching in curriculum of  Human Parasitology ZHAO Jin-hong, TANG Xiao-niu, GUO Jun-jie, LIU Ting Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (5): 276-280.   Abstract （464）      PDF （832KB）（1554）       Knowledge map    In order to achieve the three-in-one education concept of "knowledge imparting, ability training, and value shaping", this paper, just based on teaching of the general introduction section of Human Parasitology as an example, intends to discuss how to incorporate the teaching content into patriotism education, practice of international friendly cooperation, understanding of the national prevention and control policy and dialectical materialism, cultivate the national self-confidence, great love spirit, innovative consciousness and dialectical thinking of the students, and to investigate the path of implementing curriculum ideology and politics in the course of Human Parasitology for how to educate the students through learning of the professional knowledge and ideological and political theory, stimulate the patriotic feelings of students, and carry forward the national spirit with patriotism as the core in the course learning. Related Articles | Metrics

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Policies, current situation and challenge of prevention and control of viral diarrhea in China LI Jin-song Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (2): 61-64.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.02.001 Abstract （640）   HTML （32）    PDF （859KB）（1496）       Knowledge map    Viral diarrhea represents an important infections disease with heavy disease burden in China and even in the world. After the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic, our country has achieved a lot in surveillance, prevention and control capacity of viral diarrhea, and set up multifarious monitoring systems in prevention and control of viral diarrhea, and with development of detection technology, the capacity of monitoring and prevention and control has been greatly improved. However, top-level design and long-term planning should be strengthened to respond to the growing demand for the prevention and control of viral diarrhea at home and abroad, especially to standardize disease names in diagnosis and surveillance, develop a variety of cost-effective vaccines and test reagents suitable for wider clinical use, use new technologies and novel theories to optimize monitoring systems and health promotion, clear up the information barriers, and boost the enthusiasm and initiative of the public being involved in prevention and control tasks. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in the mechanisms and effects of biological insecticides for mosquitoes LEI Jing-jing, GONG Mao-qing, LIU Li-juan Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (4): 235-240.   Abstract （508）      PDF （865KB）（1434）       Knowledge map    Mosquitoes not only annoy human beings, but also spread many diseases, seriously threatening human health. Transmission and prevalence of mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever, are also a serious threat to human health, drive people to pay more attention to the importance of mosquito control. Nowadays, wider use of chemical insecticides makes the problem of drug resistance increasingly serious. However, biological control technology can counteract the drug resistance on the premise of protecting the ecological environment, and has shown favorable application prospect. This paper reviewed the insecticidal mechanism and efficacies of biological insecticides such as bacteria, fungi and viruses for control of mosquitoes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiology and control of soil-transmitted nematodiasis in China QIAN Men-bao, LI Shi-zhu, ZHOU Xiao-nong Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2022, 20 (3): 126-129.   Abstract （990）      PDF （873KB）（1411）       Knowledge map    Soil-transmitted nematodiasis including ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm diseases once caused significant health burden in China. The prevalence of and population with soil-transmitted nematodiasis have decreased drastically, owing to social and economic development, popularization of sanitary toilets, improved supply of clean water and implementation of control measures. In this paper, we reviewed the epidemiology of and control measures for soil-transmitted nematodiasis in China during past 30 years, and put forward suggestions on the key work of soil-transmitted nematodiasis in China in future. In terms of the epidemiological status and characteristics of soil-transmitted nematodiasis in our country, some measure are proposed, including strengthening construction of the surveillance system and implementation of integrated control measures in high endemic areas, and exploration of the strategies for transmission control and interruption in low endemic areas. Related Articles | Metrics

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Role and mechanism of melatonin in the treatment of infectious diseases GAO Yang, GUAN Fei, LEI Jiahui Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2024, 22 (5): 315-320.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2024.05.012 Abstract （158）   HTML （1）    PDF （935KB）（1404）       Knowledge map    Melatonin (MT) is an endogenous hormone that acts as a safe and effective sleep aid for regulating the circadian cycle. In addition to its traditional functions, more researches suggest that MT can play an important role in the treatment of infectious diseases. The therapeutic mechanism of MT in infectious diseases mainly involves the effect of reducing tissue damage caused by infection via regulating oxidative stress and enhancing immune function induced by regulating circadian rhythm to recruit immune cells. Moreover, MT can exert an anti-inflammatory effect by regulating Th1/Th2 development and differentiation, NF-κB phosphorylation and so on, and affect the apoptosis pathway to play a certain anti-infective effect. Based on the above functions of MT, this article summarizes the research status and mechanism of MT in the treatment of infectious diseases in order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of MT against infection in clinical settings. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Challenges and prospects of the health education and science popularization to parasitic diseases prevention in China under the new era CHEN Lin, CAO Chunli Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (4): 181-185.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.04.001 Abstract （639）   HTML （30）    PDF （897KB）（1399）       Knowledge map    Health education represents an effective means to improve people's health behavior, and it is also the major measure for prevention and control of parasitic diseases in China for many years. Health science popularization is an important part of science popularization. In recent years, with the continuous attention of the Party and the government, health science popularization plays an increasingly important role in improving people's health literacy and awareness of health and disease prevention. In this paper, the current situation and challenges of health education and science popularization on parasitic diseases control and prevention in China were analyzed, and some suggestions were put forward from the aspects of system construction, personnel training, precise communication, forms of activities and new media operation with an attempt to provide reference for health education and science popularization on parasitic diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics