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Analysis on the HIV/AIDS epidemic characteristics in Hefei City from 1997 to 2022 SUN Jing, FENG Jinbao, ZHANG Xiaopeng, YAO Hui, DENG Xiaolan, CHEN Chaojie Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (4): 216-219,237.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.04.008 Abstract （439）   HTML （11）    PDF （3286KB）（3771）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and changing trends in patients infected with HIV/AIDS in Hefei area for evidence to formulate corresponding prevention and control measures. Methods The case data, reported in Hefei area from January 1, 1997 to December 31, 2022, were initially retrieved from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, and then analyzed regarding the distribution characteristics of time, population and region in the victims of HIV/AIDS. Joinpoint regression was performed to analyze the changing trends in such patients. Results In total, 3 974 HIV/AIDS cases were cumulatively reported in Hefei area from 1997 to 2022. Of the victims, 3 608 (90.79%) were males, and 366 (9.21%) females. The ratio of male to female was 9.86∶1. The age ranging from 20 to 29 years was dominant (1 511 cases, 38.02%). After 2008, the proportion of 50 years old and above tended to grow in the reported cases (χ2trend=62.73, P<0.05). The infection was most seen in patients with college or higher educational background (1 670 cases, 42.02%). By occupation, the reported case number was large in service industry (1 805 cases, 45.42%). The proportion of cases reported in students had been on the rise since 2008 (χ2trend=32.08, P<0.05). The main way of transmission was involved in homosexual transmission (2 525 cases, 63.54%), and homosexual transmission tended to rise since 2003 (χ2trend=79.43，P<0.05). The infection was generally identified in detection and consultation (1 832 cases, 46.10%) and clinical visit (1 628 cases, 40.97%). Joinpoint regression analysis showed that the reported cases of HIV infection in Hefei area were at average annual percent change (AAPC) by 21.90% per year (Z=13.44, P<0.05). Conclusion The HIV/AIDS prevalence in Hefei is relatively stable. Among them, middle aged and elderly population, students and men who have sex with men should be the key groups of HIV/AIDS prevention and control. Health education on AIDS prevention and control should be strengthened for this group of people, and AIDS screening should continue to be strengthened to achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Role and mechanism of melatonin in the treatment of infectious diseases GAO Yang, GUAN Fei, LEI Jiahui Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2024, 22 (5): 315-320.   DOI: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2024.05.012 Abstract （158）   HTML （1）    PDF （935KB）（1404）       Knowledge map    Melatonin (MT) is an endogenous hormone that acts as a safe and effective sleep aid for regulating the circadian cycle. In addition to its traditional functions, more researches suggest that MT can play an important role in the treatment of infectious diseases. The therapeutic mechanism of MT in infectious diseases mainly involves the effect of reducing tissue damage caused by infection via regulating oxidative stress and enhancing immune function induced by regulating circadian rhythm to recruit immune cells. Moreover, MT can exert an anti-inflammatory effect by regulating Th1/Th2 development and differentiation, NF-κB phosphorylation and so on, and affect the apoptosis pathway to play a certain anti-infective effect. Based on the above functions of MT, this article summarizes the research status and mechanism of MT in the treatment of infectious diseases in order to provide a theoretical basis for the application of MT against infection in clinical settings. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Challenges and prospects of the health education and science popularization to parasitic diseases prevention in China under the new era CHEN Lin, CAO Chunli Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (4): 181-185.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.04.001 Abstract （639）   HTML （30）    PDF （897KB）（1399）       Knowledge map    Health education represents an effective means to improve people's health behavior, and it is also the major measure for prevention and control of parasitic diseases in China for many years. Health science popularization is an important part of science popularization. In recent years, with the continuous attention of the Party and the government, health science popularization plays an increasingly important role in improving people's health literacy and awareness of health and disease prevention. In this paper, the current situation and challenges of health education and science popularization on parasitic diseases control and prevention in China were analyzed, and some suggestions were put forward from the aspects of system construction, personnel training, precise communication, forms of activities and new media operation with an attempt to provide reference for health education and science popularization on parasitic diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the clinical characteristics of the first dengue outbreak in Mengding Town in the border of China-Myanmar SHEN Jiayuan, LI Chunmin, DENG Wei, TANG Yonglin, ZHANG Guocheng, YANG Zhongping, YANG Mingdong Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (5): 267-272.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.006 Abstract （327）   HTML （19）    PDF （964KB）（1244）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of the first outbreak of dengue in Mengding Town, Gengma County of Yunnan Province, located between the border of China and Myanmar, for reference for clinical treatment of this infection. Methods The case data were obtained from 174 patients admitted to and treated in the hospitals in Mengding Town of Gengma County in 2015, and retrospectively analyzed concerning the epidemiological characteristics, clinical symptoms, findings of laboratory tests and treatment outcomes of the infections. Results The 174 patients were all from Mengding Town of Gengma County, and respectively admitted to and treated in the Central Clinic of Mengding Town and Mengkang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The infection occurred in between July and November. Ninety-nine (56.90%) were males, and 75 (43.10%) were females. The infection was most seen in patients aged between 18 and 35 years, accounting for 41.38% (72/174). Ethnic distribution and occupation were dominated by Han nationality (84.48%, 147/174) and farmers (68.97%, 120/174), respectively. The major clinical symptoms were associated with fever (93.10%, 162/174)，aching muscles (70.69%, 123/174), chilly (63.22%, 110/174), fatigue (49.43%, 86/174) and headache (48.28%, 84/174). Laboratory studies indicated decreased white blood cell count in 89 patients (51.15%), platelet reduction in 121 (69.54%), elevated level of ALT, AST, LDH, α-HBDH, creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and blood uric acid was seen in 23 (13.22%), 70 (40.23%), 132 (75.86%), 80 (45.98%), 26 (14.94%), 38 (21.84%), 8 (4.60%), 27 (15.52%) and 22 patients (12.64%), respectively. Hypocalcemia was observed in 95 patients (54.60%). Both urine protein positive and urine occult blood positive occurred in 10 patients (5.75%). The mean hospital stay was (6.74±2.52) days, and the length of hospital stay was involved in the degree of fever and medication regimen. Conclusion The main symptoms of patients infected with dengue fever are associated with fever, aching muscles, chill, fatigue and headache. Typical skin rash may occur in some patients. Laboratory tests commonly reveal abnormal blood count as well as electrolyte and myocardial enzyme spectrum of liver and kidney function. Prevention of dengue fever epidemic is involved in enhanced early diagnosis and treatment, continuous improvement in and strengthened construction of the monitoring system for this infection. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Promotion and realization of curriculum ideological and political education in the construction of first-class course of Human Parasitology JIANG Feng, ZHAO Jin-hong, GU Sheng-li, TANG Xiao-niu, ZHAN Xiao-dong, LIU Ting Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (3): 178-封三.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.03.013 Abstract （401）   HTML （10）    PDF （850KB）（1116）       Knowledge map    With further practice of the concept of curriculum ideological and political education in China, colleges and universities gradually run ideological and political education through the whole process of professional education and teaching in higher learning institutions. This paper analyzes the promoting effect of ideological and political education on the construction of first-class courses in Human Parasitology in combination with the teaching practice by the Department of Medical Parasitology of Wannan Medical College, i.e., enhancing teachers' ideological and political literacy, excavating and summarizing the materials related to the ideological and political education, exploring the teaching methods of curriculum ideology and political education, so as to optimize the teaching effect, and provide practical reference for construction of the first-class course of Human Parasitology teaching. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Interpretation of Work Plan for Pilot Counties to Promote the Elimination of Schistosomiasis (2023 Edition) ZHANG Li-juan, LI Shi-zhen, LI Yin-long, ZHU Hong-qing, CAO Chun-li, XU Jing, LI Shi-zhu Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (3): 121-125.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.03.001 Abstract （390）   HTML （19）    PDF （866KB）（953）       Knowledge map    Work Plan for Pilot Counties to Promote the Elimination of Schistosomiasis (2023 Edition) was issued by National Administration of Disease Control and Prevention on January 2nd, 2023. The program aims to promote elimination of schistosomiasis through pilot implementation, to summarize experience on schistosomiasis elimination and gradually spread the work plan to the whole country. This article interpreted the background, objectives, routine measures, five major promotion measures, assessment indicators and organizational guarantee of this plan to guide the efficient and standardized implementation of schistosomiasis elimination work at the grassroots level. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies from food poisoning in Chongqing Municipality from 2010 to 2022 DUAN Chen-lin, ZHOU Lei, LIU Hui-hui, LUO Shu-quan, LONG Jiang Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (3): 150-154.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.03.007 Abstract （494）   HTML （10）    PDF （1619KB）（784）       Knowledge map    Objective To understand the patterns and characteristics of public health emergencies arising from food poisoning in Chongqing Municipality so as to provide a scientific basis for promoting effective prevention and control of similar events. Methods The related data on the public health emergencies caused by from food poisoning reported in Chongqing were collected from January 2010 to December 2022 via the subsystem of Public Health Emergency Management under the Information System for Disease Prevention and Control in China, and descriptively analyzed pertinent to the epidemiological characteristics, including the time, places and pathogenic factors of the events. Results One hundred and sixteen events of food poisoning were reported in Chongqing from 2010 to 2022, which affected 3 415 people and resulted in 22 deaths. Food poisoning caused by bacteria was most seen (59 events, 50.86%), and affected most people (2 494 cases, 73.03%). Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Salmonella were the major pathogenic bacteria in the incidents, and responsible for 41 events and 1 720 cases of the food poisoning, respectively accounting for 69.49% and 68.97% of the bacterial food poisoning. Food poisoning caused by fungi led to the highest number of deaths (10 cases, 45.45%), all of the deaths were resulted from accidental ingestion of poisonous mushrooms. The peak of food poisoning incidents in Chongqing chiefly appeared in May and September, during which period 40 incidents (34.48%) were reported, with 1 378 poisoning cases (40.35%) involved. From 2010 to 2022, the top three districts (counties) in Chongqing with the incidents reported were Jiulongpo District (13 events), Changshou District (12 events) and Qianjiang District (8 events). Sixty-eight events (58.62%) of food poisoning in rural areas in Chongqing were reported from 2010 to 2022, which involved 1 831 people (53.62%). The incidents primarily occurred in households, with 39 events reported. Forty-eight (41.38%) incidents of food poisoning were reported in urban areas, which affected 1 584 people (46.38%). The incidents largely occurred in business providing catering services, with 27 events. All 22 deaths from food poisoning occurred in rural households. Conclusion In the summer and autumn when food poisoning is high, monitoring over the food safety should be intensified in key areas besides provision of education on food safety and health, improving the ability to recognize native common toxic chemicals, differentiate poisonous plants and mushrooms in local residents so as to prevent food poisoning incidents. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of hepatic features on CT imaging in children of paragonimiasis LI Xiang, FU Xu-wen, XU Yan-ling, WEI Jia-lu, QI Min, GAN Wei, HUANG Ying Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (3): 169-173.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.03.011 Abstract （416）   HTML （4）    PDF （6158KB）（713）       Knowledge map    Objective To investigate the demonstration CT imaging of hepatic in children with paragonimiasis for improving understanding of the imaging manifestations of this disease. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed regarding the general information, laboratory findings and CT images in children confirmed or clinically diagnosed as paragonimiasis in Kunming Third People's Hospital between 2019 and 2021. The cases were divided into two groups according to the presence of liver lesions identified on abdominal CT, with the general condition and laboratory findings of the two groups compared, and the CT imaging of children with liver lesions was analyzed. Results A total of 63 children were included in the analysis, 19 (30.2%) had liver lesions, and another 44 (69.8%) had no liver lesions. The percentage of peripheral blood eosinophils was higher in children with liver lesions [46.39% (27.81%, 59.53%)] than in children without liver lesions [26.62% (18.42%, 46.70%)](Z=2.022, P<0.05), yet the ratio of serum albumin to globulin in children with liver lesions was lower than in children without liver lesions [0.80 (0.70, 1.00) vs. 1.00 (0.80, 1.20); Z=-1.997, P<0.05]. In the 19 children with liver lesions, 13 (68.4%) had multiple lesions, 6 (31.6%) had a single lesion, 16 (84.2%) had "worm tunnel sign", 5 (26.3%) had abscess, and 5 (26.3%) had "mushroom sign". In addition, all children with liver lesions were complicated with pleural effusion and pulmonary consolidation. Four children (21.1%) were complicated with skin and soft tissue swelling, and 2 (10.5%) demonstrated hypodensity in the cerebral parenchyma. Conclusion Nearly one-third of children with paragonimiasis are complicated with liver lesions, and the presence of "worm tunnel sign", abscess and "mushroom sign" of CT-enhanced scan is of higher diagnostic value for hepatic paragonimiasis. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemic situation of dengue fever in Yunnan Province from 2020 to 2022 WEI Chun, GUO Xiaolian, YANG Rui, ZHAO Xiaotao, WU Chao, YANG Zhaolan, YIN Xiaoxiong, ZHOU Hongning Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (5): 250-253.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.002 Abstract （441）   HTML （28）    PDF （900KB）（703）       Knowledge map    Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Yunnan Province during the epidemic of COVID-19 for reference to optimize the prevention and control measures for this infection. Methods The case data on dengue fever reported in Yunnan Province from 2020 to 2022 were retrieved through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distribution of dengue fever by the region, time and population as well as the epidemiological characteristics of domestic and foreign infection sources in Yunnan Province. Results In total, 845 cases of dengue fever were reported Yunnan Province from 2020 to 2022, including 29 foreign imported cases (3.43%) and 816 local infections (96.57%). Local infections primarily occurred in Dehong Prefecture (98.53%, 804/816), and the imported cases were generally from the southeast Asian countries (89.66%, 26/29). In terms of time distribution, the peak period of local infection occurred from September to November (91.30%, 745/816), whereas the imported cases were seen in each month throughout the year. Males were dominant in the reported cases (55.62%, 470/845), with a gender ratio of 1:0.80 and age range between 20 and 59 years old (81.07%, 685/845). The infections were most seen in personnel in commercial services (34.79%, 294/845). Two outbreaks, both occurring in Ruili City, were reported, which involved 785 local cases. The first outbreak occurred in 2020, and lasted for 126 days, with 245 cases reported. The second occurred in 2022, lasted for 85 days with 540 cases reported. Conclusion During the COVID-19 epidemic, the total number of dengue fever cases and local outbreaks in Yunnan Province dropped significantly, yet the risks of dengue fever prevalence still exist. In following work, we should continue to strengthen the health education in the key areas and the joint prevention and control of the infection with neighboring countries/regions, we should enhance the monitoring over the personnel from foreign countries and comprehensive control against the dengue vector, and timely implement the initial prevention and control measures and case treatment to prevent spread of the epidemic. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the epidemic trend of hand, foot and mouth disease in China after COVID-19 as a category B disease ZHANG Yutong, SONG Yang, LIU Fengfeng, DING Fan, LIU Yanzhe, CHANG Zhaorui Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (4): 186-190,227.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.04.002 Abstract （589）   HTML （49）    PDF （3994KB）（691）       Knowledge map    Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics and changes of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in China after COVID-19 ranked as category B disease for evidence in scientific prevention and control of HFMD. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted to address the incidence and the composition of each enterovirus serotype of HFMD in China from January to June, 2023, and the results were compared with the corresponding findings in 2017-2019 and 2020-2022. Moving epidemic method (MEM) was used to estimate the epidemic intensity of HFMD reported from January to June, 2023 in China. Results From January to June, 2023, a total of 557 940 cases of HFMD were reported. The reported incidence was 39.68 /100 000, which was lower than the average incidence reported in the corresponding period of 2017-2019 (64.97/100 000), yet higher than the average incidence reported in the same period of 2020-2022 (26.37/100 000). The peak of the HFMD incidence in 2023 was delayed compared to the trends in previous years. The number of cases was rapidly increased after the 20th week, and reached a very high epidemic level by the 26th week. From January to June, 2023, the proportion of enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), coxasckievirus A16 (CV-A16) and other enterovirus in laboratory-diagnosed cases was 14.31% (4 694/32 804), 12.18% (3 995/32 804) and 73.51% (24 115/32 804), respectively. Compared with the average level of the same period in 2017-2019 and 2020-2022, the proportion of EV-A71 and CV-A16 decreased, while the proportion of other enterovirus increased. MEM evaluation results showed that the prevalence intensity of HFMD was higher in the south China than in the north, among which Guangdong remained at a very high epidemic level, whereas Jiangxi and Hunan were at medium epidemic level. Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei, Chongqing and Zhejiang were at lower epidemic level. Conclusion In 2023, the incidence peak of HFMD in spring and summer in China moved backward, and the peak of this disease in the country exceeds the pre-pandemic level, and the epidemic peak in southern provinces was earlier than that in northern provinces, for which we suggest that all provinces should closely monitor the dynamic changes of the local epidemic by conducting epidemic analysis and risk assessment. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Guizhou Province from 2010 to 2021 SHEN Zhu, LIU Huihui, HUANG Yan, LIU Zhaobing, JIANG Qi, JIANG Xixi, WU Jun Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (4): 195-198.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.04.004 Abstract （448）   HTML （25）    PDF （3075KB）（663）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Guizhou Province from 2010 to 2021 for theoretical basis to perfect the prevention and control measures for this infection. Methods The case information on HFMD reported in Guizhou Province between 2010 and 2021 was retrieved from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and then analyzed pertinent to the distribution and pathogens of the virus by descriptive epidemiology. Results In total, 437 511 cases of HFMD were reported in Guizhou Province from 2010 to 2021. The incidence reported annually was between 67.98 and 162.90 per 100 000 population, the average annual incidence was 101.80/100 000 population. Of the 437 511 cases, 8 349 cases were severe, with a rate of severe case being 1.91%, and there were 171 deaths. Most of the cases showed bimodal distribution, which occurred in April-June and September-November respectively. Cases of HFMD were reported in across the province, and the most hit areas were Zunyi (114 669 cases, 26.21%), Guiyang (110 460 cases, 25.25%) and Liupanshui (39 874 cases, 9.11%). The high-risk population was children living at home (345 577 cases, 78.99%), and children aged 0-5 years were most reported (413 965 cases, 94.62%). In terms of sex distribution, there were more males, with a sex ratio of 1∶0.64. From 2010 to 2012, enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) was the predominant strain of HFMD, and after 2013, other enteroviruses became the dominant strain in Guizhou Province. Conclusion In recent years, the incidence of HFMD in Guizhou Province showed a fluctuating downward trend. Children under 5 years should be the focus for prevention and control, at the same time, the monitor of virus type should be strengthened. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Hefei City from 2011 to 2020 ZHAO Ke-fu, WANG Wen-Jing, WU Jin-ju, LIU Xu-xiang Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (3): 155-159.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.03.008 Abstract （295）   HTML （9）    PDF （1385KB）（630）       Knowledge map    Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in Hefei for scientific evidence to respond to prevention and control of such emergencies in the future. Methods The data on the public health emergencies reported in Hefei area between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2020 were initially retrieved from the subsystem of Public Health Emergency Management under the Information System for Disease Prevention and Control in China, and then descriptively analyzed concerning the emergency grades, classification, distribution of areas, places and time. Results In total, 190 emergencies were reported in Hefei from 2011 to 2020, and most of the emergencies were ungraded (61.58%, 117/190). A total of 5 323 cases and 31 deaths were reported. The emergencies were involved in infectious diseases (81.58%, 155/190), followed by food poisoning (9.47%, 18/190). The cases of death caused by environmental factors events was the highest (48.39%, 15/31), followed by occupational poisoning events (22.58%, 7/31). The events of infectious diseases mostly occurred from November to February of following year (72.90%, 113/155), and food poisoning was most reported between May and July (55.56%, 10/18). In the 8 incidents of occupational poisoning, 4 occurred in September. From 2011 to 2020, the emergencies were reported in all counties (cities and districts) in Hefei. Baohe District had the highest reports of emergencies, accounting for 22.11% (42/190) of the total emergencies reported across the city. 56.32% (107/190) of emergencies occurred in schools, in which 50.47% (54/107) were in primary schools. Infectious diseases were the major emergencies in schools (94.39%, 101/107). The top three diseases involved in emergencies in schools were chicken pox, other infections diarrhea and influenza, accounting for 38.31% (41/107), 21.50% (23/107) and 14.02% (15/107), respectively. Conclusion In recent years, infectious disease events are the main types of emergencies in Hefei, and schools are the major places where emergencies occur. Environmental factors and occupational poisoning are the important factors leading to deaths. It is recommended to strengthen the monitoring and management of infectious diseases in schools as well as improve the emergency response capacity and the treatment level of poisoning personnel. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in population aged 6 and over in Changsha, 2013-2022 XIAO Huihui, YANG Dong, DAI Zhihui, ZHOU Yinzhu Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2024, 22 (3): 172-176.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2024.03.008 Abstract （271）   HTML （18）    PDF （2722KB）（609）       Knowledge map    Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in the population aged 6 and above in Changsha, Hunan Province, for scientific basis in prevention and control of this infection. Methods The basic information of reported cases of HFMD in Changsha from 2013 to 2022 was obtained through the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, and the etiological monitoring data of hand-foot-mouth disease in each county (city, district) were collected. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, regional and population distribution and pathogenic composition of the cases. Results A total of 14 889 cases of HFMD were reported in the population aged 6 and above from 2013 to 2022, which accounted for 5.04% of the total number of HFMD cases. No severe or fatal cases were reported. The average annual reported incidence was 19.54 per 100 000. The proportion of cases in this group showed an increasing trend in the total number of cases (χ2trend=1 658.760, P<0.01). The annual peak of the disease occurred in April to July. Of the reported cases, 8 526 were males, and 6 363 females, with a sex ratio of 1.34∶1. The median age was 7 (6, 10) years old. Maximum age was 91 years old, and the proportion of 6-15 years old was 88.09% (13 116/14 889). The occupation distribution was mainly involved in students, accounting for 55.97% (8 334/14 889). The average annual reported incidence within the urban areas (Yuhua District, Kaifu District, Yuelu District, Furong District and Tianxin District) was 24.70/100 000, which was higher than that in the suburbs (Changsha County, Liuyang City, Ningxiang City and Wangcheng District; 12.75/100 000). Etiological monitoring showed that the positive rate of enterovirus in pathogenic specimens was 50.49% (156/309). The composition of enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), coxasckievirus A16 (CV-A16) and other enteroviruses was 5.77% (9/156), 37.18% (58/156) and 57.05% (89/156), respectively. Conclusion From 2013 to 2022, the proportion of HFMD cases in the population aged 6 and above in Changsha area showed an increasing trend, mainly other enteroviruses. Our findings suggest that attention should be paid to the prevention of HFMD in population aged 6 and above, strengthen the prevention and control measures of hand-foot-mouth disease in primary and secondary schools, and do a good job in monitoring other enterovirus typing. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Predicting the infection status and epidemic trend of SARS-CoV-2 using transmission dynamics model based on Longgang District of Shenzhen City YU Guolong, CHEN Siting, LIU Feng, LIN Haiduan, YE Bili, XIE Xianqing, JIN Yujuan Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (6): 338-343.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.06.008 Abstract （285）   HTML （13）    PDF （2307KB）（605）       Knowledge map    Objective To predict and analyze the epidemic situation of COVID-19 for reference to improve the prevention and control measures for this pandemic. Methods Daily data of COVID-19 reported in Longgang District of Shenzhen City in December 2022 were collected. A multi-group transmission dynamics model with comprehensive consideration of the vaccination and age composition was used to establish a simulation model to estimate the infection rate, peak time of infection and following trend of the pandemic in Longgang District. Results The calculation results and curve fitting results of multiple transmission dynamic models showed that the model fitted the actual data well (R2=0.916, P<0.001). The prediction results revealed that the effective regeneration number (Reff) was 7.13 for this pandemic, and the cumulative infection rate was 95.46% for the population. The daily peak infection was 245 700 cases, and 74.95% of the population exhibited symptoms after infection. The daily peak incidence was 158 200 cases. The infection rate of the population in all 11 communities in Longgang District exceeded 90%, and the highest Reff (10.20) was seen in Nanwan community, followed by Pinghu community (9.60). Conclusion The multiple group transmission dynamics model can better fit and predict the infection status and peak time of COVID-19 in Longgang District, which can provide a reference for the decision-making in prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the prevention of mother-to-child in pregnant women infected HIV in Wuhu City from 2011 to 2020 WU Weilin, WANG Run Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (5): 282-286.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.009 Abstract （256）   HTML （12）    PDF （900KB）（575）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the situation of HIV infection and blocking mother-to-child transmission in pregnant and postpartum women in Wuhu City for scientific evidences to perfect the prevention measures for HIV infection. Methods The relevant data of pregnant women infected with HIV and their children in Wuhu City were retrieved from 2011 to 2020 through the management information system for the prevention of mother to child transmission of AIDS, syphilis and hepatitis B, and then analyzed regarding the HIV related detection, demographic distribution characteristics, and prevention of mother-infant transmission. Results In total, 50 women were detected to be positive for HIV from 2011 to 2020 in Wuhu area. The average positive detection rate was 16.59/100 000. The average age of pregnant women with positive HIV findings was (29.54 ± 5.99) years. The educational background was primarily associated with junior high school (n=25, 50.00%), and the occupation was involved in housewife and unemployment (n=32, 64.00%). The main route of infection was from sexual transmission (n=28, 56.00%). Twenty-seven women (54.00%) chose to continue pregnancy with informed consent, and 21 (42.00%) terminated pregnancy. Spontaneous abortion occurred in 1 case, and another 1 lost the follow-up (2.00% respectively). Among the 27 pregnant women who continued to conceive, 17 cases (62.96%) received CD4+T lymphocyte testing, 6 cases (22.22%) received virus load testing, and 25 (92.59%) were treated with antiviral drugs. Twenty-seven infants were delivered and survived in the 27 women persisting their pregnancy. Twenty-six infants (96.30%) received antiviral drugs and 24 (88.89%) were excluded from HIV infection by detection at 18th month. Infection was uncertain in one infant, and another 2 were lost to follow. Conclusion From 2011 to 2020, the HIV testing rate and antiviral drug use rate in the pregnant women and children in Wuhu City have all met the require indicators specified in the national project. In following efforts, it is necessary to further improve the testing rate for CD4+T lymphocyte and viral load in the HIV infected pregnant women, and focus on prenatal testing and management of the pregnant women in the floating population. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Hunan Province, 2017-2022 LIU Ziyan, DAI Zhihui, ZHAN Zhifei, YANG Hao, SUN Qianlai, WANG Juan, BU Zheni, HE Fangling, CHEN Shengbao, LIU Rongjiao, LIN Huijun, LUO Kaiwei Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (5): 245-249.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.001 Abstract （456）   HTML （55）    PDF （1155KB）（566）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Hunan Province for scientific basis in prevention and control of this infection. Methods The surveillance data of dengue fever cases in Hunan Province were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System from 2017 to 2022. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the time, population, and geographical distribution characteristics of dengue fever epidemic in Hunan Province, and the differences between imported and local cases were analyzed and compared as well. Results Accumulative 943 cases of dengue infection were reported in Hunan Province from 2017 to 2022. Of the reported cases, 514 were imported (54.51%), 429 were local infections (45.49%), and 1 death occurred. The peak incidence was in August to November (n=746, 79.11%), and the infection was spread in 108 counties (cities, districts) under the 14 cities (prefectures). The male-to-female ratio of imported cases was 2.70:1, which was higher than the local case ratio of 1.01:1. The median age of the imported cases was 39 (30, 50) years, and the imported infection was most seen in patients aged 20 to 49 years (n=341, 66.34%). The farmers, personnel in commercial services and workers were most affected (n=365, 71.01%). The median age of local cases was 46 (33, 55) years, and the infection was most seen in patients aged 30-69 years (n=309, 72.03%). The occupations were associated with farmers, retired personnel, students, housework and the unemployed (n=307, 71.56%). The median time from onset to diagnosis for imported cases was 5 (2, 7) days, which was longer than the 4 (2, 6) days for local infections. The difference was significant (Z=-8.776, P<0.05). The imported cases were chiefly from southeast Asian countries such as Cambodia, Myanmar and Thailand, while the domestic infection was from Guangdong, Yunnan and Guangxi provinces. Conclusion The dengue fever epidemic in Hunan Province is obviously characterized by importation and seasonality. The findings suggest that disease control institutions at all levels should conduct timely risk assessments of the transmission and take effective measures to reduce mosquito vector density during the epidemic season so as to prevent epidemics and outbreaks. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in the relationship between schistosomiasis and digestive system tumors WANG Xiaoyi, YANG Jianghua Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (6): 357-361.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.06.012 Abstract （333）   HTML （5）    PDF （942KB）（552）       Knowledge map    Schistosomiasis represents a globally prevalent infectious disease, and is responsible for cirrhosis and chronic enteritis. Apart from that, this condition may also be related to the occurrence and development of digestive system tumors (liver cancer, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer, etc.). This article mainly reviews the correlation between schistosomiasis and the aforementioned digestive system tumors, with an attempt to provide reference for further research of this condition. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of severe and fatal cases of influenza in Chongqing from 2017 to 2020 XIONG Yu, QI Li, LI Qin, LI Baisong, WANG Ju Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (5): 273-277,286.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.007 Abstract （285）   HTML （10）    PDF （2067KB）（548）       Knowledge map    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of severe, critical and fatal cases of influenza in Chongqing Municipality for evidences for prevention and control of severe influenza. Methods The data of severe, critical and fatal cases of influenza reported in Chongqing Municipality were retrieved from 2017 to 2020 via the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and analyzed using descriptive epidemiology pertinent to the distribution of time, region and population as well as the past medical history of the patients and clinical manifestations of the infection. Results A total of 164 severe, critical and fatal cases of influenza were reported from 2017 to 2020 in Chongqing Municipality. The infection was most seen from December to March of the following year. Influenza A virus was the dominant virus (n=157 cases, 95.73%). By population distribution, 111 were males and 53 females. The infection most occurred in patients aged 60-69 years (n=34 cases, 20.73%), and farmers (n=56 cases, 34.15%). The 164 cases were distributed in 19 counties/districts, and the most reported was in Yuzhong District (n=101 cases), Dianjiang County (n=11 cases) and Nan'an District (n=6 cases). 58.54% (96/164) of the 164 cases had previous medical history. The main clinical manifestations were cough (n=159 cases), abnormal breath sounds (n=134 cases) and fever (n=129 cases). The most common complication was pneumonia (n=134 cases, 81.71%). Conclusion The high incidence of severe influenza and death in Chongqing generally occurs winter and spring seasons, with influenza A virus being the major pathogen. The severe infection is relatively higher in elderly and males. The findings suggest that the influenza vaccination rate should be increased, and attention should be paid to the progression of the disease among the high-risk groups. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment and discussion on the standardized training programs for biosafety risk assessment of parasitic pathogenic laboratory XIONG Yanhong, CAO Jianping, ZHENG Bin Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (5): 291-294.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.011 Abstract （293）   HTML （12）    PDF （859KB）（544）       Knowledge map    With the promulgation and implementation of the Biosafety Law of the People's Republic of China, biosafety management of the pathogenic microbiology laboratories has been ranked to an unprecedented level. Practice of standardized training for biosafety can effectively improve the awareness and operational skills of the staff towards the biosafety in laboratory settings, and prevent the occurrence of biosafety accidents. In order to understand the needs and keys to biosafety training in the laboratory associated with parasitic pathogens, we adhere to the necessity to carry out training on the biosafety risk assessment in parasite pathogenic laboratories on the basis of questionnaires, interviews and other investigations, and preliminarily created a standardized training program for evaluation of the biosafety risks in pathogenic microbiology laboratories. The training profile includes training purposes, intended audiences, training contents, methods of training and evaluation on the training effects, which can provide reference for conducting standardized training on the biosafety risk assessment in laboratories associated with parasitic pathogens. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical distribution and drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from inpatients XU Bei, LI Ping, ZHANG Qing-song Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology    2023, 21 (3): 174-177.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.03.012 Abstract （401）   HTML （13）    PDF （901KB）（511）       Knowledge map    Objective To investigate the patterns of clinical distribution and drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from hospitalized patients in a hospital for scientific evidence in the treatment of the infection in clinic. Methods Patients with Staphylococcus aureus infection treated in XuanCheng City Central Hospital were included from September 2021 to March 2023 as study subjects. The resistance genes mecA and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) of Staphylococcus aureus were detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), SPSS 20.0 and WHONET 5.6 software was used to analyze the clinical distribution patterns and drug resistance status of Staphylococcus aureus infection. Results A total of 133 patients with Staphylococcus aureus infections were included in the analysis. Among single department, the top two departments were Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (21.8%, 29/133) and the Intensive Care Unit (18.8%, 25/133). The major types of infection were skin furuncle & carbuncle and bedsore (47.4%, 63/133) as well as involvement of upper respiratory tract (23.3%, 31/133) and lower respiratory tract (13.5%, 18/133). The drug susceptibility tests showed that Staphylococcus aureus was 100.0% sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, tigecycline, nitrofurantoin and rifampicin. The resistance rate to penicillin was the highest, 88.0%, followed by crythromycin and clindamycin, 34.6% and 30.1%, respectively. The detection rate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 23.3% (31/133). Of 31 MRSA strains, 30 carried mecA gene, 6 carried PVL gene, and 5 carried both mecA and PVL genes. Conclusion Staphylococcus aureus infection in hospitalized patients in XuanCheng City Central Hospital primarily occurred in patients from Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Intensive Care Unit. The rate of resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin and other antibiotics was high, antibiotics should be rationally prescribed and standardized according to the drug susceptibility test results in clinical management of the infection. Table and Figures | Reference | Related Articles | Metrics