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20 February 2021, Volume 19 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Thoughts on the emergency drill of schistosomiasis prevention and control during marching towards elimination in China#br# CAO Chun-li, LÜ Shan, XU Jing, LI Shi-zhu 2021, 19 (1):  2-5.  Abstract ( 728 )   PDF (812KB) ( 1185 )   In this paper,the importance of emergency drills,together with the four forms of drills including desktop deduction,functional drill,plot-oriented drill and comprehensive drills,for schistosomiasis prevention and control towards the elimination stage is elaborated in order to provide reference to further promoting the scientificity,standardization and normalization of emergency drills for schistosomiasis control. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics and control effect of echinococcosis in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2010 to 2019#br# WANG Yu-ying , JIANG Xiao-feng , HAO Hui-xia , SONG Jian , GUO Wei-dong , SONG Zhuang-zhi 2021, 19 (1):  6-9,31.  Abstract ( 597 )   PDF (673KB) ( 1157 )   Objective To understand the epidemic status and control effect of echinococcosis from 2010 to 2019,and evaluate the existing prevention and control measures for reference in following prevention and control of this parasitic disease.Methods The surveillance data of echinococcosis prevention and control in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were obtained and analyzed from 2010 to 2019.Results Totally,465 cases of echinococcosis were identified in the 661 501 people undergone screening between 2010 and 2019 in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The detection rate showed an overall downward trend,and the annual trend was statistically significant (APC =-30.9%,P <0.05).All detected cases were associated with cystic echinocccosis,and primarily found in Zhalute Banner,New Barag Right Banner and West Ujimqin Banner.Of the 205 039 aliquots of dog feces detected,2 950 were positive for Echinococcus faecalis antigen.The overall infection rate showed a significant downward trend (APC = - 21.2%,P <0.05),and was decreased by 89.3% in 2019 compared to 2010.Infection was found in 1 691 out of the 158 776 sheep undergone detection,which showed a trend of rising first and then falling.In 2015,prevalence of echinocccosis in intermediate host (sheep) was as high as 3.28%.Conclusion By the comprehensive prevention and control of echinococcosis,the positive rate screened in human,infection rate of dogs and the prevalence rate of domestic animals tend to decline in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,which suggests that we have achieved the national target in 2020 in advance,and our prevention and control measures have produced better results. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Schistosoma japonicum miracidia infection on the survival rate and antioxidant enzyme system of Oncomelania hupensis#br# YI Jia, HE Hui, LI Bo, TU Zhen , TANG Li , ZHANG Cong, LIU Jian-bing 2021, 19 (1):  10-14.  Abstract ( 704 )   PDF (1750KB) ( 747 )   Objective To investigate the effects of Schistosoma japonicum (S.japonicum )infection on the survival rate and the antioxidant enzyme system of Oncomelania hupensis(O.hupensis).Methods O.hupensis snails were infected with ten-fold S.japonicum miracidium in laboratory setting (experimental group),and snails without miracidium infection were included as controls.Three replicates were performed for each treatment.The deaths of O.hupensis were continuously recorded till the 15th week following infection,and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) in the snail were measured at time points of 0,6,12,24 and 48,72 h and week 1,2,4,6,8 and 12,respectively.Results After infection,the weekly mortality of O.hupensis was significantly higher in experimental group than in control group,and the cumulative mortality was 43.6% in the experimental group and 5.93% in the control group by week 15.The activities of antioxidative enzymes initially rose,followed by a reduction in O.hupensis snails.SOD activity appeared higher in the experimental group at 24 h compared to the control group(P <0.05),peaked at week 4 and became parallel with levels in control group by week 6.The activity of CAT and POD in experimental group was significantly different from that of the control group at 72 h (both P <0.01),and peaked at week 1 and week 2,respectively,then arrived at normal level.However,MDA content in the infected O.hupensis snails continued to increase,and was statistically different from that of the un-infected controls since week 2 (P <0.01).Conclusion The infection of S.japonicum can induce oxidative stress in O.hupensis,and the O.hupensis could handle the stress by increasing the activities of antioxidative enzymes at early stage.Nevertheless,oxidative damage would occur in O.hupensis over time once the oxidative stress gradually overwhelmed the regulative capability of O.hupensis itself,eventually leading to the death of O.hupensis snails. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of a field visual approach for detecting Orientia tsutsugamushi in chigger mites by LAMP device#br# TAO Zhi-yong, UMAR Ibrahim, LÜ Qiao-lan, LIU Wei-ping , ZHANG Pei-yi , JIN Xiao-xia, FANG Qiang , XIA Hui 2021, 19 (1):  15-18.  Abstract ( 716 )   PDF (1794KB) ( 898 )   Objective To establish a field visual method for detecting the Orientia tsutsugamushi (Ot) in chigger mites using self-prepared dye-wax capsule kit on portable loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) device basis for developing a new field tool in control and prevention of scrub typhus.Methods The GroEL gene was selected as the target sequence,and the primer for LAMP detection was designed online.A recombinant plasmid rOt- GroEL was constructed as the positive control.SYBR Green I based dye-wax capsule kit was used to establish a close-tube visual LAMP targeting GroEL.Field visual detection was simulated and verified using portable LAMP device. Results A set of LAMP primers specific to the Ot GroEL gene was chosen to amplify the 237 bp target region. Sequencing results showed that the recombinant rOt-GroEL plasmid was successfully constructed.Detection limit of the plasmid was 1×102 copies using dye-wax capsule kit combined with portable LAMP device.Conclusion A close-tube visual LAMP method targeting Ot GroEL was established,which could be used for field visual detecting Ot in chigger mites with portable LAMP device. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on rabies exposure and its influencing factors in population in rural areas of Hunan Province#br# YANG Hao, LI Bi-xia, LUO Kai-wei , SUN Qian-lai , ZHANG Heng-jiao , ZHAO Shan-lou , ZENG Ge , DAI Zhi-hui , LIU Zi-yan, XIAO Jie-hua , GAO LI-dong , HU Shi-xiong 2021, 19 (1):  19-24.  Abstract ( 975 )   PDF (367KB) ( 845 )   Objective To understand the changes of incidence of rabies exposure and its influencing factors in population living in rural areas of Hunan Province for scientific evidence in following prevention and control of rabies in rural villages.Methods By multi-stage sampling method,we conducted series of surveys on the villagers recruited from four administrative villages in four counties of Hunan Province to understand the primary situation of rabies exposure.Univariate analysis and multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the factors of rabies exposure.Results Of the 5 636 respondents from 1 533 families,106 subjects experienced rabies exposure in 2018,with an exposure incidence of 2.18%.After standardization of the age-sex structure,the incidence of rabies exposure in rural areas of Hanshou County,Hengdong County,Lanshan County and Shaoyang County was 0.58,0.95,1.88 and 1.91 times per 100 person-years,respectively.The standardized rabies exposure rate in rural areas of Hunan Province was 1.63 times per 100 person-years.Univariate analysis showed that age,educational level,residence time,county of residence and families with dog and cat being raised were the factors of affecting rabies exposure.Further multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age,county of residence and families with dog and cat being raised were significantly associated with rabies exposure.The results of univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in awareness of medical reimbursement policy and knowledge on rabies prevention.However,additional multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that awareness of medical reimbursement policy was related to the decision of victims to seek treatment after rabies exposure.Conclusion Our findings suggest that raising of dogs and cats should be controlled,and villagers with dog and cat being raised in families should be given education on the knowledge of rabies exposure.In addition,new rural cooperative medical care system should be extended in wider rural areas in order to reduce the risk of rabies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on Toxoplasma gondii infection among special populations in Wuhu City Anhui Province#br# LIU Dao-hua, WANG Tian-ping, CAO Zhi-guo , GUO Jian-duo , ZHU Lei , JIN Wei, WANG Min , MA Xiao-he 2021, 19 (1):  25-27,35.  Abstract ( 846 )   PDF (378KB) ( 1503 )   Objective To understand the status of Toxoplasma gondii(T.gondii) prevalence and related factors among special population in Wuhu City for evidence to formulate preventive measures for toxoplasmosis.Methods Subjects for current study were selected from pregnant women,individuals with domestic cats/dogs,workers in livestock processing industry,tumor patients and victims of HIV/AIDS infection.All participants underwent detection of the serum IgG and IgM antibodies against T.gondii using ELISA,and questionnaires on the epidemiological aspects of the infection.Then the risk factors were analyzed.Results Totally,3 378 subjects were included.Prevalence of T.gondii was 11.07%,in which 0.83% and 10.24% were positive for IgM and IgG,respectively.The infection rate was the highest in population aged 60 year or over(14.13%),and varied statistically in different age group(χ2= 17.327,P <0.05),whereas was the lowest in population with higher educational level,and the difference was statistically significant in participants with different educational background (χ2=20.278,P <0.05).T.gondii infection occurred in pregnant women,individuals with domestic cats/dogs,workers in livestock processing industry,tumor patients and victims of HIV/AIDS infection,respectively by 9.65%,12.03%,12.75%,15.68% and 7.06%,with significant difference among groups(χ 2=15.625,P <0.05).Observation on the susceptibility factors showed that T.gondii infection was statistically associated with regular consumption of hotpot dishes and barbecued food,mixed use of the same chopping board for processing foods and poor knowledge on prevention of toxoplasmosis.Conclusion The infection rate of T.gondii remains relatively higher in special population in Wuhu City,which suggests that this group of people should be strengthened with health education in knowledge of T.gondii infection in order to improve their awareness on personal protection as well as the hygiene practices and diet habits. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the clinical characteristics of dengue in 571 cases of different age groups#br# JIA Wen-shuang , LI Man , SHEN Jia-yuan, YANG Zhong-ping , MAO Jia-rong, YIN Xiao-xiong , LIU Yong-hua , LI-YANG Si-qi, ZHOU Hong-ning 2021, 19 (1):  28-31.  Abstract ( 680 )   PDF (354KB) ( 951 )   Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of dengue in different age group in Ruili city from 2017 to 2018 for evidence for local health administrations to plan effective measures in diagnosis and treatment of this infection.Methods A total of 571 cases of dengue treated in Ruili People’s Hospital from 2017 to 2018 were divided into minor group(1~18 years),adult group (>18~60 years) and elderly group (>60 years).Analysis was performed regarding the clinical symptoms,signs and laboratory findings in the three groups.Results Of the 571 cases,117 were minors,422 adults and 32 elderly.The clinical symptoms were dominated by fever (97.0%),fatigue( 84.2%),poor appetite(82.3%),headache(76.0%) and systemic muscle soreness(74.1%),and headache, systemic muscle soreness,fatigue and poor appetite were more common in adult group than in minor group.Fever was few seen in elderly group.Abnormal biochemical indicators were primarily associated with decreased WBC (52.4%) and increased AST(53.4%).Minors had lower incidence of abnormal blood glucose and electrolyte,yet had elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase and total bilirubin compared to adults and the elderly.Incidence of myo-cardial damage was the highest in minors group,and decreased WBC was the lowest in adult group.Elderly patients had the highest incidence of PLT decrease and damage of renal function.Conclusion The patients with dengue virus infection treated in Ruili People's Hospital of Yunnan Province are mainly adults,and the clinical symptoms and laboratory findings vary to a certain extent in different age group. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison on the curative effect of praziquantel and areca nuts and pumpkin seeds in the treatment of taeniasis#br# YANG Qiong 2021, 19 (1):  32-35.  Abstract ( 1220 )   PDF (382KB) ( 1826 )   Objective To compare the curative effect of oral praziquantel and areca nut decoction plus use of raw pumpkin seeds in the treatment of taeniasis for improving the level of treatment via summarizing the therapy experience in this infection.Methods The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed in 250 cases of taeniasis from 2014 to 2019.The patients were divided into praziquantel group(n=142) and areca nut decoction plus pumpkin seeds group (n=108).Then the therapeutic efficacies were compared between group.Results The cure rate was 93.66% and 91.67%,respectively for praziquantel group and areca nut decoction plus pumpkin seeds group.The difference was insignificant(P >0.05).Examination of the feces within 24 hours after the treatment showed that the total rate of worms retrieved was 84.51% by praziquantel treatment and 81.48% by areca nut decoction plus pumpkin seeds therapy.The difference was not significantly different between the two groups(P >0.05),yet the rate of full worms retrieved was higher in patients treated with areca nut decoction plus pumpkin seeds than in those by praziquantel(P <0.05).The average time of deworming with praziquantel was (82.41±51.36)min,which was longer than that of areca nut decoction plus pumpkin seeds (236.20±173.49)min.More patients had adverse reactions of digestive tract treated by areca nut decoction plus pumpkin seeds,yet the symptoms were less serious than praziquantel,and the adverse reactions in nervous system were observed in several cases in praziquantel group.Conclusion Although praziquantel and areca nut decoction plus pumpkin seeds can have definite therapeutic effect in the treatment of taeniasis, yet praziquantel is appropriate for use on hospital basis because of its convenience and quickness.Treatment regimen by areca nut decoction plus pumpkin seeds may be the first choice for general survey of taeniasis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the clue survey results of advanced schistosomiasis in Yi'an District of Tongling City#br# ZHAO Jia-qing , RUAN Bin, LIU Cheng-hai, WANG Qing-shan 2021, 19 (1):  36-38.  Abstract ( 693 )   PDF (301KB) ( 847 )   Objective To prevent the occurrence of new cases of advanced schistosomiasis,ensure the health of residents in endemic areas and help them to overcome poverty by following the clue cases of advanced schistosomiasis. Methods According to the relevant requirements specified in the Work Plan for Investigation of Current Cases and Clue Cases of Advanced Schistosomiasis in Anhui Province,we carried out a survey on the clue cases of schistosomiasis previously identified in 7 endemic villages and towns in Yi'an District of Tongling City.All subjects undergone survey were decided by the results of IHA test and treatment history,and the clue survey was comprehensively estimated by the findings of physical examination,imaging examination and laboratory studies.Results Totally,630 cases of advanced schistosomiasis were initially screened by looking up the medication records and epidemiological history of the residents in 2018.Further B-ultrasound examination and laboratory testing revealed that 5 patients were clinically diagnosed advanced schistosomiasis,and 80 were suspected advanced schistosomiasis.Conclusion Although the current epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in our region has dropped to the lowest level in history,yet the pathological damage of schistosomiasis to human body still exists,and some infected patients remains in risks to develop into advanced disease.Therefore,it is of great significance to carry out the clue screening of advanced schistosomiasis in order to reduce new cases of advanced schistosomiasis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Observation on the effect of perioperative nursing intervention in advanced schistosomiasis patients with megalosplenia#br# LAI Ru-yi 2021, 19 (1):  39-40,46.  Abstract ( 797 )   PDF (325KB) ( 1315 )   Objective To assess the effect of perioperative nursing intervention in patients of advanced schistosomiasis with severe hypersplenism.Methods One hundred and thirty-eight patients of advanced schistosomiasis with splenomegaly were divided into observational group and control group(n=69 for each group).Patients in the control group received simple conventional nursing,and those in the observational group were nursed with additional psychological intervention,diet and drainage-tube management as well as prevention of the complications on routine nursing basis.Results There was no significant difference in on the Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS) between the two groups on admission (P >0.05),yet scoring on SAS and SDS was lower in observational group than in control group after surgery (P <0.05).Patients in the observational group had earlier anal exhaust,off-bed activities and bowel movement as well as lower incidence of short-term complications,shortened hospital stay and medical expenses than those in the control group(all P <0.05).Conclusion Perioperative nursing intervention for patients of advanced schistosomiasis with severe hypersplenism can effectively improve their psychological state,reduce the incidence of complications and promote early recovery. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on the role and mechanisms of IL-33 ST2 signaling pathway in liver disease#br# BAI Yang, LEI Jia-hui , GUAN Fei 2021, 19 (1):  41-46.  Abstract ( 1646 )   PDF (439KB) ( 1158 )   This paper describes the advance in research of the role and mechanisms of IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway. IL-33 represents a major immunoregulatory factor and generates pleiotropic effects on various immune cells (e.g, Th2,Treg,ILC2,DC) via binding with the surface receptor ST2.Recent studies demonstrated up-regulated expression of IL-33 and its ST2 receptor in liver diseases,such as fatty liver,chronic hepatitis,liver fibrosis and cirrhosis as well as liver cancer.IL-33/ST2 signaling pathway can promote secretion of cytokines (IL-5,IL-13,IL-10,etc.) by activating a variety of immune cells,thus playing a pivotal role in host immune defense,tissue repair and maintenance of immune homeostasis. Related Articles | Metrics

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AMPK signaling pathway and its research progress in infectious disease YAN Ming-zhi , ZHAO Jun, LIU Hui , BI Xiao-juan , LÜ Guo-dong 2021, 19 (1):  47-51.  Abstract ( 1136 )   PDF (398KB) ( 1540 )   AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK),an AMP-dependent protein kinase responsible for regulating the synthesis and catabolism of cellular energy,is a key regulator for cell growth,reproduction and autophagy.AMPK and its signaling pathway play an important role in viral,bacterial and parasitic infections and are expected to be a new drug target.In this paper,we reviewed the recent research on AMPK signaling pathway in infectious diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of WeChat public account on health science popularization of parasitic diseases#br# WANG Yi, HUANG Yi-xin, LIU Yao-bao 2021, 19 (1):  52-55.  Abstract ( 822 )   PDF (586KB) ( 977 )   Objective To understand the status of operation and maintenance as well as the effects of WeChat public account of “Prevention and Control of Parasitic Disease in Jiangsu” for reference to popularize the health science in parasitic diseases via such new media.Methods The user attributes,the amount of reading,liking and forwarding of “Prevention and Control of Parasitic Disease in Jiangsu” were collected and analyzed from April 2016 to December 2019.Software SPSS(version 25.0) was used for data description and statistical analysis.Linear regression model was used to estimate the relationship between the amount of articles read and shared.Results Totally,112 pieces of articles on health information of parasitic diseases were posted from April 2016 to December 2019.The cumulative reading frequencies were 118 720,with an average of reading for 1 060 times for single article.The maximum reading frequencies were 15 208 times for individual article.Articles related to foodborne parasitic diseases were the most read and forwarded.According to the fitting model,60.3% of article exposure can be attributed to the sharing from readers.Reward activities on WeChat account motivating the interest of readers can effectively increase the potential number of subscribers and promote the dissemination of health information of parasitic diseases.Conclusion We-Chat public account is an important platform for health science popularization of parasitic diseases,and the content of articles should be on professional knowledge basis,close to daily life and follow hot social topics so that this new media can satisfy the public needs for health knowledge of parasitic diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration and application of online teaching of Medical Parasitology during COVID-19 epidemic#br# JIANG Li-ping , WANG Shi-ping , XU Shao-rui , LIU Yuan , ZHANG Zu-ping 2021, 19 (1):  56-58.  Abstract ( 737 )   PDF (336KB) ( 1128 )   At the end of 2019,an unforeseen outbreak of COVID-19 brought about postponing start of Spring semester in 2020 across higher learning institutions in China.In answer to the guideline of “postponement of school without suspension of learning” issued by Ministry of Education,we moved the classrooms online in teaching Medical Parasitology based on the Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) platform for Chinese universities.In this paper, we explored the application of this instruction mode,including the teaching preparation,teaching design,teaching process,formative test,instruction of the experiment,case-based learning,and proportion of the learning assignments in final examination,with an attempt to offer references to our peers in online instruction of Medical Parasitology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Hookworm parasitism in the stomach of a patient with gastric ulcer and severe anemia: Case Report#br# JI Yuan-yuan , REN Wen-feng, JIANG Wei-min , YU Cong 2021, 19 (1):  59-60.  Abstract ( 434 )   PDF (1193KB) ( 913 )   This paper reports gastric hookworm parasitism in one patient with gastric ulcer and severe anemia,with an attempt to provide guidance for clinical diagnosis of this condition. Related Articles | Metrics