热带病与寄生虫学

热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2021, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (1): 19-24.

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

湖南省农村人群狂犬病暴露及其影响因素调查

杨浩1,李碧霞2,罗垲炜1,孙倩莱1,张恒娇1,赵善露1,曾舸1,戴志辉1,刘子言1,肖洁华1,高立冬1,胡世雄1   

  1. 1.湖南省疾病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410005;2.醴陵市疾病预防控制中心
  • 出版日期:2021-02-20 发布日期:2021-02-04
  • 通信作者: 高立冬,E-mail:gldlj@hotmail.com;胡世雄,E-mail:379788967@qq.com
  • 作者简介:杨浩,男,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:急性传染病预防和控制。E-mail:nicjoe@126.com;李碧霞,女,学士,医师,研究方向:急性传染病预防和控制。E-mail:843647752@qq.com 杨浩、李碧霞同为第一作者

Investigation on rabies exposure and its influencing factors in population in rural areas of Hunan Province#br#

YANG Hao1, LI Bi-xia2, LUO Kai-wei2 ,SUN Qian-lai1 ,ZHANG Heng-jiao1 ,ZHAO Shan-lou1 ,ZENG Ge1 ,DAI Zhi-hui1 ,LIU Zi-yan1, XIAO Jie-hua1 ,GAO LI-dong1 ,HU Shi-xiong1#br#   

  1. 1 Hunan Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention ,Changsha 610500, Hunan Province, China;2 Liling City Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Online:2021-02-20 Published:2021-02-04

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摘要： 目的 掌握湖南省农村地区狂犬病暴露率变化,研究暴露及其影响因素,为湖南省今后农村狂犬病防控工作的开展提供科学依据。方法 采取多阶段抽样的方法,抽取湖南省4个县的4个行政村,对4个村的全部村民开展问卷调查,了解狂犬病暴露相关情况,釆用单因素分析及多因素非条件Logistic回归分析狂犬病暴露因素。结果 1 533户5 636名调查对象中,在2018年有106人·次狂犬病暴露史,暴露率为 2.18%。按年龄性别结构标化,汉寿县、衡东县、蓝山县和邵阳县农村地区标化后狂犬病暴露率分别为0.58、0.95、1.88和1.91次/100人·年。湖南省农村地区标化后狂犬病暴露率为1.63次/100人·年。单因素分析结果显示年龄、文化程度、居住时间、居住地所在县和家庭养犬养猫因素为暴露的影响因素;进一步多因素Logistic回归分析,年龄、居住地所在县、家庭养犬养猫3个变量与狂犬病暴露显著关联。暴露后就医的单因素分析结果显示,报销政策知晓情况和狂犬病知识知晓情况方面差异具有统计学意义,进一步做多因素Logistic回归分析,报销政策知晓情况与狂犬病暴露后是否就诊有关。结论 应减少犬猫饲养、加强养犬管理,同时加强宣传教育,提高新农合的参保率,以降低狂犬病发病风险。

关键词: 狂犬病, 暴露率, 影响因素, 农村地区, 湖南省

Abstract: Objective To understand the changes of incidence of rabies exposure and its influencing factors in population living in rural areas of Hunan Province for scientific evidence in following prevention and control of rabies in rural villages.Methods By multi-stage sampling method,we conducted series of surveys on the villagers recruited from four administrative villages in four counties of Hunan Province to understand the primary situation of rabies exposure.Univariate analysis and multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the factors of rabies exposure.Results Of the 5 636 respondents from 1 533 families,106 subjects experienced rabies exposure in 2018,with an exposure incidence of 2.18%.After standardization of the age-sex structure,the incidence of rabies exposure in rural areas of Hanshou County,Hengdong County,Lanshan County and Shaoyang County was 0.58,0.95,1.88 and 1.91 times per 100 person-years,respectively.The standardized rabies exposure rate in rural areas of Hunan Province was 1.63 times per 100 person-years.Univariate analysis showed that age,educational level,residence time,county of residence and families with dog and cat being raised were the factors of affecting rabies exposure.Further multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that age,county of residence and families with dog and cat being raised were significantly associated with rabies exposure.The results of univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in awareness of medical reimbursement policy and knowledge on rabies prevention.However,additional multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that awareness of medical reimbursement policy was related to the decision of victims to seek treatment after rabies exposure.Conclusion Our findings suggest that raising of dogs and cats should be controlled,and villagers with dog and cat being raised in families should be given education on the knowledge of rabies exposure.In addition,new rural cooperative medical care
system should be extended in wider rural areas in order to reduce the risk of rabies.

Key words: Rabies, Exposure rate , Influencing factors, Rural areas, Hunan Province

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