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08 June 2013, Volume 11 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Analysis on sera peptides from mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum by Chinese medicine Chaihu 2013, 11 (2):  68-70.  Abstract ( 2379 )   Objective  To analyze the sera peptides from mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum by Chaihu, and evaluate its effect.  Methods  The infected mice model and the treated group were established, peptides were purified from the sera by MB-WCX kit (Bruker Daltonics GmBH), and then analyzed by MALDI-TOF-MS and ClinProTool algorithm. Results  Among the mass range from 800 to 17 000 Da, expression of 2 924 Da and 8 210 Da were up-regulated and 11 690 Da down-regulated in the healthy and treated group compared with the infected group. Conclusion  Chinese medicine Chaihu has the potential value in the treatment of schistosomiasis which provides theoratic basis for screening treating targets in protein level. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of IFN-γ and rTGF-β1 RII on hepatic fibrosis in mice infected with schistosomiasis japonica Wang YuLing, Ye Fang, Wang Xuelong*. 2013, 11 (2):  71-73,121.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2013.02.003 Abstract ( 2593 )   Objective  To explore the effects of IFN-γ and rTGF-β1 RII on hepatic fibrosis in mice infected with schistosomiasis japonica.  Methods  36 Kunming mice (6-8 w,body weight 18-22g, male and female in half) were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=6), 6 mice were nomal control group, 30 mice were challenged percutaneously with 18±2 cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum and six weeks later they were randomly divided into 5 groups: model control group, Praziquantel (PQT) group, PQT+IFN-γ group, PQT + rTGF-β1RII group, and PQT+IFN-γ+rTGF-β1RII group. All the mice were killed at the end of the 9th week. The area of egg granuloma and degree of hepatic fibrosis were observed via HE and Masson stainings. The concentrations of liver homogenates MDA were detected by spectrophotometer using Assay Kits. Results  IFN-γ and /or TGF-β1RII protein significantly inhibited hepatic collagenous fibrosis in mice infected with schistosomiasis japonicum and reduced the concentrations of MDA that in liver tissue. Conclusion  The combination of IFN- γ and sTGF-β1RII with PQT had better effect on hepatic fibrosis in mice infected with schistosomiasis japonica than the single use of PQT. The anti-fibrosis effect of IFN-γ and sTGF-β1RII might relate with its antiantioxidant function. Related Articles | Metrics

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The study of recombinant tetraspanin-4(rSj-Ts4) in immuno-protection of Schistosoma japonicum Yu Hong, Liu Xiaojing, Wang Xuelong*. 2013, 11 (2):  74-76.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2013.02.004 Abstract ( 2566 )   Objective To probe a new vaccine candidate of Schistosoma japonicum, and observe the recombinant tetraspanin-4 protein (Sj-Ts4) for the immuno-protection effect on mice attacked with cercariae. Methods The BALB/c mice were immunized with the recombinant Sj-Ts4 by the dosage of 50μg/100μl, 100μg/100μl and 200μg/100μl, respectively, followed by challenging infection and the immuno-protection was evaluated. Meanwhile, the liver was removed. Some of them were digested and counted for the egg reduction rate. HE staining method was used to detect the hepatic changes and granuloma. Results The molecular vaccine was injected into BALB/c mice. The immuno-protective effect showed that the worm reduction was 22.6%, 27.1%, 30.8% in group 1, 2 and 3, respectively, and there were no remarkable significance between the groups（P<0.05）. The number of eggs in liver tissue was reduced by 31.2%, 34.29%, and 35.2%, respectively, also there were no remarkable significance between the groups（P<0.05）. Gross observation showed that the livers in control group were dark brown and hard, with massive nodules of worm eggs diffused in the livers. The recombinant Sj-Ts4 group has some extent of amelioration, the hepatic histological section demonstrated that there are generous big granulomas containing eggs in the livers of control group, with extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells, degeneration and necrosis of hepatic cells. The recombinant Sj-Ts4 vaccine group reversed the hepatic injury better than the control group. The inflammatory reaction around the eggs granulomas was light. Conclusion The molecular vaccine of rSj-Ts4 had some protection effect on mice and might be used as a latent vaccine candidate. Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular cloning, expression and identification of encoding Sj-Tsp6 gene from Schistosoma japonicum Ye Fang, Wang Yuling, Wang Hongzhi, Wang Xuelong*. 2013, 11 (2):  77-79.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2011.01.005 Abstract ( 2328 )   Objective To discover new candidate diagnosis molecules for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis, the Sj-Tsp6 protein gene of Schistosoma japonicum was cloned and expressed in the prokaryotic cell. Methods The specific primers were designed and synthesized. The target gene was amplified by PCR. The product from PCR was cloned into PMD-T vector, and then subcloned into the expression vector pET28a (+). After induced by IPTG, the cells were collected to analyze by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Results A specific band of around 702 bp was amplified by PCR. A band of 28kDa fusion protein with the label of HIS was revealed by SDS-PAGE after the target gene subcloned into the expression vector pET28a (+). The fusion protein could be recognized by the sera of rabbit infected with schistosomiasis. Conclusion The cDNA encoding sj-Tsp6 protein of S. japanicum cloned and expressed in the prokaryotic cell provided basis for further study on value of SjTsp6 immunological diagnosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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People′s knowledge on malaria in rural areas, Anhui Province Li Weidong, Yu Chen*, Wang Jianjun, Shen Yuzu, Zhang Jianqing, Xu xian, Zhang Tao, Jiang Jingjing, Zhao Lisheng, Song lu. 2013, 11 (2):  80-84.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2013.02.006 Abstract ( 2823 )   Objective To understand people’s knowledge of malaria in rural areas, Anhui Province. Methods One first class and one second class county were selected as survey spots. Questionnaire was adopted to survey 100 middle school students, 100 primary school students and 200 inhabitants in each county by a muti-stage sampling. of malaria knowledge was designed by research group. In-depth interviews was performed for the teachers, inhabitants, village leaders and primary health staff, respectively. Results 488 students and 409 inhabitants were surveyed in Fengyang and Jixi counties in Dec. 2010. The awareness rates of knowledge for the pupils, middle school students and inhabitants was 55.76%, 51.17% and 69.85%, respectively, in Fengyang County，while in Jixi County the awareness rates was 31.76%，48.75% and 50.70%, respectively. There was no significant difference for the middle school students in the 2 counties. Conclusion The awareness rate of knowledge in rural areas of Anhui Province was lower than that in other provinces nearby, and it should pay more attention to enhance health education. Related Articles | Metrics

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The variety of acaroid mite in stored Chinese herbal medicines in Wuhu area Chen Qi, Sun Entao, Liu Zhiming, Zhao Beibei, Diao Jidong, Li Na, Jiang Yuxin, Li Chaopin*. 2013, 11 (2):  85-88.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2013.02.007 Abstract ( 2388 )   Objective To investigate the variety, the quantity and the distribute of acaroid mite in stored Chinese herbal medicines in Wuhu area. Methods Mites from different storage and Chinese herbal medicines shop were collected, isolated by Tullgren, and then identified and counted under microscope. Results 31 species of acaroid mites were found in 76 kinds of samples, which belonging to 18 genera and 6 families. Of all the mites, T.putrescentiae was the first species to be found in the samples, the second and the third species was L.zacheri and L.konoi, respectively. The occupying rate in the samples was 17.11%(13/76), 15.79%(12/76) and 14.47%(11/76) for the three kinds of mites, respectively. Conclusion There were many kinds of acaroid mites exsited in stored Chinese herbal medicines in Wuhu area, which were harmful to Chinese herbal medicines. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on methylene blue reductive enzymatic application in rapid detection on microorganism for sudden water pollution Qiu Ying, Wang Mindi, Qiu Hemin 2013, 11 (2):  89-90.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2013.02.008 Abstract ( 2265 )   Objective To study the feasibility that methylene blue reductase method to the rapid detection on microorganism index in sudden water pollution. Methods The total number of colonies was tested by the comparison between the fading time of methylene blue and the GB/T5750.12-2006 plate count method. Results There was an inverse relationship between the fading time of methylene blue and total number of colonies. The more the number of colonies, the shorter the fading time of methylene blue. Conclusion Methylene blue reduction method is simple, rapid, accurate, reliable and can be applied to rapid detection of the total bacterial colonies in sudden water pollution. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of gene p53 in colorectal cancer cells for patients with schistosomiasis Wu Pingping 2013, 11 (2):  91-92,101.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2013.02.009 Abstract ( 2482 )   Objective To investigate the association of p53 mRNA expression level with clinic pathological characteristics on patients with colorectal cancer with/without schistosomias. Methods Tissue specimens were obtained from 38 patients undergoing surgery. Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptional PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed for amplification of p53 mRNA from the 20 tumor tissues（A group: colorectal cancer with schistosomias）and 18 tumor tissues (B group: colorectal cancer without schistosomias）. Results P53 mRNA expression was detected in all tissues, and the level of p53 mRNA was significantly higher in group A than in group B. The level of p53 mRNA was highly correlated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis, but not with the patient's sex and age. Conclusion The level of p53 mRNA was correlated to metastasis of colorectal cancer. The schistosome infection may have some influence on expression of gene p53 in colorectal cancer. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cost-effectiveness analysis on suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide in field Hong Min, Guo Jun, Jiang Hongwen 2013, 11 (2):  93-95.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2013.02.010 Abstract ( 3069 )   Objective To assess the molluscicidal effect and cost on suspension concentrate of metaldehyde and niclosamide (MNSC) in field, and evaluate the application value widely used in field. Methods The beach of Dongjing River in Huangjiakou Township and marshland of Honghu Lake in Binhu Township in Honghu City, Hubei Province, were selected as study pilots. MNSC and 50% wettable powder of niclosamide (WPN) were used for snail control with the spraying method, and the molluscicidal effect in the 15 d and the cost were analyzed. Results In the beach of Dongjing River, after spraying MNSC for 15 d, the density of snail reduced from 5.23 snails/0.11 m2 to 0.40 snails/0.11 m2, with a reduction rate of 92.35%, and the mortality of snails was 89.40%. As for WPN, the density of snail reduced from 5.40 snails/0.11 m2 to 0.45 snails/0.11 m2, with a reduction rate of 91.67%, and the mortality of snails was 88.08%. In the marshland of Honghu Lake, after spraying MNSC for 15 d, the density of snail reduced from 5.53 snails/0.11 m2 to 0.55 snails/0.11 m2, with a reduction rate of 90.05%, and the mortality of snails was 86.59%. As for WPN, the density of snail reduced from 5.38 snails/0.11 m2 to 0.50 snails/0.11 m2, with a reduction rate of 91.71%, and the mortality of snails was 87.01%. There were no significant differences in molluscicidal effect achieved by spraying of the two molluscicides in two pilots. The cost of MNSC per 100 m2 was 15.03 Yuan, including 6.40 Yuan for drug, and 8.63 Yuan for mollusciciding, while the cost of WPN per 100 m2 was 16.29 Yuan, including 7.60 Yuan for drug, and 8.69 Yuan for mollusciciding. Conclusion MNSC has high molluscicidal efficacy, lower cost, less effect on environments, which deserves popularization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemic situation of hand-foot-mouth disease in Langfang City, Hebei Privince from 2010 to 2012 Wang Jing, Sun Li′na, Gu Huanying 2013, 11 (2):  96-98,104.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2013.02.011 Abstract ( 2604 )   Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of hand-foot- mouth disease, and analysis endemic factors and epidemic rules to provide evidences for prevention and control.. Methods Descriptive epidemiologic method was adopted to analysis the data of hand-foot-mouth disease in Langfang City from 2010 to 2012. Results A total of 16306 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease were reported from 2010 to 2012, including 15445 clinically diagnosed cases, 861 laboratory confirmed cases. For all the cases, 445 were serious and 8 were dead. The annual average morbidity was 129.22/100000, the incidence rate was 188.74/100000,81.79/100000 and 117.14/100000 from 2010 to 2012, respectively. The ratio of male to female was 1.56 ∶ 1. 88.90% of the cases were under 5 years old. Scattered children and kindergarten children accounted for 75.07% and 20.22%. The peak time of onset was from April to August, which accounted for 85.73% of the total cases. For the laboratory confirmed cases, EV71 type accounted for 48.66%, and CoxA16 type accounted for 32.29%. Conclusion It was found that hand-foot-mouth disease in Langfang from 2010 to 2012 presented obvious focus features in region, season and population, and coexisted the infection of EV71 and CoxA16, so scientific and standardized plans should be made according to endemic characteristics in monitoring and prevention control. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of schistosomiasis endemic situation in Huaining County of Anhui Province from 2009 to 2012 Xu Ning1, Yang Nianbao1, Hong Yijian1, Cao Zhiguo2* 2013, 11 (2):  99-101.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2013.02.012 Abstract ( 2208 )   Objective  To understand the tendency of endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Huaining County, Anhui Province, and provide basis for making out schistosomiasis control strategies. Methods  The epidemiological data of schistosomiasis in Huaining from 2009 to 2012 were collected, and the endemic situation and features were analyzed.  Results  The infection rate of residents in the provincial surveillance site of Huaining decreased significantly in the 4 years, and the positive rate of blood examination in residents of the third class villages and of the forth and fifth class villiages decreased 45.54% and 51.41% respectively in 2012 compared with that in 2009. There were 313 advanced schistosomiasis cases in 2012, and no acute cases were found from 2009 to 2012. The infection rate of cattle in the 4 years was 1.5%, 1.48%, 0.88% and 0.71%, respectively, and there was an obviously decreasing tendency. There was no significant decrease on snail areas from 2009 to 2012, while the areas with infected snails and the mean density of infected snails both decreased obviously, and no infected snails were found in 2012.  Conclusion  It was suggested that promoting the comprehensive control strategy with emphasis on infectious source control was an effective measure to control schistosomiasis Related Articles | Metrics

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Endemic situation after transmission interruption of schistosomiasis in Jinhu, Jiangsu Province Zhang Guirong, Sun Daokuan*, Li Qian 2013, 11 (2):  102-104.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2013.02.013 Abstract ( 2713 )   Objective  To understand the changes of endemic situation after transmission interruption of schistosomiasis, and provide evidences to adjust schistosomiasis control measures.  Methods   Annually, systematic sampling and environmental sampling method were used to survey snail distribution from March to April; net fishing and the straw curtain lure snail method were used to monitor snails from June to September, COPT test or colloidal dye test strip was used to screen the residents and Kato-Katz method to check over the positives from August to October. Advanced schistosomiasis and reservoir hosts were monitored in the years. Results  From 1998 to 2012, the total area surveyed was 23 991.48hm2 with snail areas of 44.68hm2, and newly discovered snails area was 28.18hm2. 3 885 snails were dissected with no infected snails. 5 972kg of floating debris were salvaged, 560 pieces of straw curtains were put out, 104 fishing boats and 85 fishing gears were investigated, and no snails were found. 60 164 people were examined with serological methods with the positive rate of 0.83%. The positive rate of fisherman and outpatient was relatively higher than that of the local villageres. 3 155 people were examined with fecal checks, and one cases was found. 4 915 livestock were checked, and no cases was found. In the years, the areas of environment modification for snail control were 27.53hm2, the mollusciciding areas were 35.11hm2, the mollusciciding for consolidation were 165.197hm2, and the snail areas decreased by 99.96%. Conclusion  The endemic situation of schistosomiasis was relatively stable in Jinhu County, and monitoring on input infectious source and snails should be strengthened. Related Articles | Metrics

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Survey on pinworm infection among children in urban and rural areas, Haikou City Zhang Dejian. Chen Ping, Lin Shaoxiong*, Chen Dongyan 2013, 11 (2):  105-123.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2013.02.014 Abstract ( 2941 )   Objective  To understand the current situation of pinworm infection among children in the urban and rural areas,  Haikou city, and provide scientific basis for making out control measures.  Methods  The adhesive tape for 3 consecutive days was used to survey the infection of pinworm, and questionnaire was used to collect the risk factors related to the infection of pinworm. The data were analyzed by χ2 test.  Results  A total of 842 children were investigated, and the aggregate infection rate was 38.24% by three successive inspection. The infection rate of pinworm in the communities, kindergartens, private kindergartens was higher than that in the urban areas, schools, public kindergartens, respectively. The infection rate in the 5 years old group was as high as 47.30%. There was no significant difference between boys and girls. The infection rate of pinworm was lower for the children who had better health condition in the campus, better personal hygiene and family status.  Conclusion  The infection rate of pinworm among children in the urban and rural areas, Haikou was much higher than the national average level. The infection of pinworm was closely related with the regions, health condition, and personal hygiene and family status. Therefore, the comprehensive prevention measures should be taken to reduce the infection of pinworm effectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application effect of stage management by objectives in clinical training for new nurses Cao Jiaoyu, Gao Ping, Zhu Cuihong, Fang Chuxin, Yao Xunxia. 2013, 11 (2):  107-109.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2013.02.015 Abstract ( 2381 )   Objective  To explore the application effect of stage management by objectives in clinical training for new nurses.  Methods  A total of 92 new nurses were selected as study group who were trained by the stage management by objectives(MBO), and another 92 new nurses were selected as control group who were trained by traditional clinical teaching methods for one year during their clinical training stage. The difference of core competencies in the two groups was compared.  Results  After the application of MBO, the nurses in the study group were obviously better than that of the control group in the aspects of implementation of nursing teaching plan, examination results, and satisfaction degree of self-evaluation on teaching effect, etc. The core competencies in nursing in the two groups had statistically significant difference (P<0.01). Conclusion  It is found that using stage MBO in clinical training for new nurses can obviouly improve their core competencies in nursing, in the meantime, the clinical teaching quality and efficiency can also be improved significantly. Related Articles | Metrics