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10 March 2016, Volume 14 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in mainland China in 2015 Chen Tao, Yang Jing, Wang Lijie, Zhu Fei, Cheng Yanhui, Li Yue, Yan Wenjing, Wang Dayan, Shu Yuelong* 2016, 14 (1):  3-5.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2016.01.002 Abstract ( 2169 )   PDF (2233KB) ( 2040 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To predict the epidemic trends of influenza in mainland in China in 2016 through retrospective analysis of the surveillance data and epidemic characteristics in 2015. Methods  The data on influenza-like illness(ILI) and its outbreak were obtained from Chinese Influenza Surveillance Information System (CISIS) and Chinese Public Health Emergency Management Information System (PHEMIS)in 2015, and statistically analyzed. Results  Influenza was peaked in summer in south China in 2015, and maintained at a low level in north China, with subtype of influenza A(H3N2) being dominated. Provinces in both south and north China were in epidemic seasons in winter and spring of 2015 and 2016, and the viruses were associated with influenza A(H1N1/pdm09 virus, H3N2) and B. Conclusion  Influenza may be active and peaked in the third of February 2016, and the prevalence is associated with influenza A(H1N1/pdm09 virus, H3N2) and B viruses, with subtype A(H1N1)pdm09 virus being predominant strain. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on epidemic characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Hunan Province in 2015      Luo Kaiwei, Gao Lidong, Hu Shixiong, Huang Wei, Deng Zhihong, Zhang Fan, Chen Yu, Zhao Shanlu. 2016, 14 (1):  6-9,19.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2016.01.003 Abstract ( 1982 )   PDF (743KB) ( 1368 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To analyze the epidemic characteristics and patterns of the hand foot and mouth disease(HFMD) in Hunan province in 2015 for supplying scientific information to plan preventive and control measures for this disease. Methods  The data on HFMD cases, pathogens and outbreaks in Hunan in 2015 were collected from national diseases information reporting system for descriptive epidemiological analysis. Results  A total of 135,628 cases of HFMD, including 710 severe cases and 14 fatal cases, were reported in Hunan in 2015, the morbidity was 201.32 per 100 000 population. Prevalence was higher in the middle, northeast and west areas of Hunan. The male-to-female ratios of incidence were 1.56:1, and the children younger than 5 years old accounted for 97.01% of the total reported cases. The positive ratio by etiology monitoring was 54.02%, and detected EV71 in mild, severe and fatal cases was 9.62%, 29.48% and 88.89% respectively. Conclusion  HFMD appears in seasonal prevalence in Hunan province, and risk groups are associated with younger children and children living scattered areas. Virus of different serotype may be superseded in the epidemic seasons. Therefore, it is critical to strengthen the surveillance and effective response to the prevalence as well as provide health education for the targeted population in prevention and control of HFMD. Related Articles | Metrics

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Surveillance over the avian influenza viruses in external environment around Poyang Lake from 2014 to 2015 Yan Wenjing1, Zeng Xiaoxu1#, Liu Xiaoqing2, Fu Weijie2, Huang Weijuan1, Xie Jun2, Chen Tao1, Yang Jing1, Zhu Fei1, Shu Yuelong1* 2016, 14 (1):  10-12.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2016.01.004 Abstract ( 1875 )   PDF (390KB) ( 1410 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To investigate avian influenza virus infection status via surveillance over the external environment around Poyang Lake for providing scientific evidence with the local administration to plan strategies in prevention and control of this infection. Methods Natural administrative villages in counties adjacent to Poyang Lake areas were selected as sampling sites using random sampling method. Specimens colleted between September 2014 and March 2015 included faeces, drinking water and feathers of poultry as well as swabs of cages and eggs. Then the specimens were subjected to egg inoculation for detection of the viruses. Results  A total of 2 500 specimens were collected from the sampling sites between September 2014 and March 2015. Specimens collected in autumn seasons had higher positive rate than those obtained in spring(9.04% vs.3.96%), and the positive rate was also higher in specimens obtained from the live poultry markets than that of specimens collected from farmers in separate two seasons(41.80% and 26.33% vs. 3.96% and 9.09%). Swabs of the cages had higher positive rate (9.43%) than specimens obtained in other methods. Conclusion  Outbreak of avian influenza may be increased in winter and autumn seasons in areas adjacent to Poyang Lake, and surveillance should strengthened over the external environment and occupational population in high risks in these two seasons. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the surveillance over risks of schistosomiasis endemic areas in Hunan Province in 2014      Li Guangping, Zhou Jie, Hu Benjiao, Tang Ling, Li Yiyi, Yang Jianping, Ren Guanghui* 2016, 14 (1):  13-16.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2016.01.005 Abstract ( 1813 )   PDF (445KB) ( 1451 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To make an accurate knowledge on the risk status of schistosomiasis transmission in endemic areas in Hunan Province in 2014 for evidences to plan scientific strategies for control and prevention of this disease. Methods  Twenty-five administrative villages in 13 counties (cities, districts, farms) were selected as risk surveillance sites, and hatching test(1 aliquot of feces subjected to 3 tests) was used to determine the schistosome infection status in all livestock and feces collected in open fields. Systematic sampling method was used to measure the status of snail prevalence, and modified crushing-cercariae escaping method and loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) technique were applied to detecting the infected snails. Activities of humans and livestock were also observed in the susceptible zones within the 25 surveillance villages. Results  Livestock were being fed in 92% of surveillance villages. The infection rate was 1.10%, 1.00%, 1.00% and 0.93%, respectively in Qingang village under Quyuan administrative district, Jichang village and Beihu village of Yueyang county, Kangling village of Yuanjiang city. Sails were found in marshlands within the 25 surveillance villages, and no positive snails were seen in 23 samples obtained in even number frames and tested with crushing-cercariae escaping method. However, 6 positive samples(collected in the odd number frames from the marshland in Mingxing, Hanshou county; Zhongxin, Jinshi city; Yuantan and Dongfanghong, Xiangying county; Baota, Quyuan administrative district and Dingshan, Yunxi district) were detected with LAMP method. Livestock were pastured in 56% of risk areas, and the livestock were over 50 in 4 the susceptible areas(the marshland in Baota; Qingang, Quyuan administrative district; Dingshan and Xinshe, Yunxi district). Human actives(totally 43 people being seen) were found in 44% of risk areas. 607 aliquots of livestock feces, including 592 aliquots of feces from cattle and 15 from goats, obtained in the open fields within 96% of the surveillance sites were free of positive samples. Conclusion  The surveillance index for snails，livestock and wild feces may provide scientific evidence for assessment of the risks of schistosomiasis transmission in endemic areas. Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiologic study on the mortality associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in residents in Xiamen City Lin Yilan1, Chi Jiahuang1, Gong Yongyan2. 2016, 14 (1):  17-19.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2016.01.006 Abstract ( 1767 )   PDF (539KB) ( 1227 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To investigate the mortality associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in residents living in Xiamen City for supplying basic data to control and prevent this entity. Methods  The deaths associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were collected in population in Xiamen City from 2005 to 2014, and the death rate as well as influencing factors were analyzed with multiple logistic regression model. Results  The average mortality for nasopharyngeal carcinoma was 2.13 per 100 000 population in Xiamen between 2005 and 2014. The death rate in men was 2.64 times than that in women, and mortality was increased with age(median age: 57 years), yet maintained at stable level. Risk factors for death from nasopharyngeal carcinoma were involved in gender(male: OR=2.95; 95% CI: 2.38~3.67) and ages (OR=1.32; 95% CI: 1.29~1.36). Conclusion  The mortality for nasopharyngeal carcinoma are kept in stable level in population in Xiamen City, and following prevention of this entity should be focused on men and the aged population. Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological study on the mortality associated with leukemia cancer in residents in Xiamen City      Lin Yilan1, Chi Jiahuang1，Gong Yongyan2 2016, 14 (1):  20-22.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2016.01.007 Abstract ( 1793 )   PDF (502KB) ( 1086 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To investigate the trend of mortality associated with leukemia cancer in residents in Xiamen City for evidences in prevention and treatment of this disease. Methods  The data of residents dying from leukemia cancer were collected in Xiamen from 2005 to 2014, and the death rate was calculated. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the factors affecting the death of leukemia cancer. Results  The average mortality for leukemia cancer was 3.62 per 100 000 population between 2005 and 2014. The death rate in men was 1.38 times than that of women, and higher in population ranging from 0 to 4 years old. Although the mortality remained lower and fluctuated in ages between 5 and 54 years, yet was significantly higher after 55 years and tended to grow with ages. The median age of death was 54 years old, and the mortality remained stable in 10 years of periods(P>0.05). The risks for death of leukemia cancer were associated with male (OR=1.46; 95% CI: 1.25-1.71) and age (OR=1.18; 95% CI:1.16-1.20). Conclusion  The mortality for leukemia cancer appears relatively lower in population in Xiamen City in current stage. However, following prevention and treatment of this entity should be focused on men, young children and the aged. Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological analysis of mumps in Jilin Province from 2005 to 2014 Qian Cheng1, Deng Liquan2, Zhao Qinglong2,Li Xuefei3 2016, 14 (1):  23-24,16.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2016.01.008 Abstract ( 1761 )   PDF (654KB) ( 921 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Jilin Province from 2005 to 2014 in order to scientific evidences to plan preventive and control measures for this disease. Methods  The disease incidence data were collected in Jilin Province from 2005 through 2014, and analyzed with descriptive epidemiology. Results  A total of 49,004 cases of mumps were reported in Jilin Province between 2005 and 2014, and annual average incidence rate was 17.90 per 100,000 population. Mumps mostly affected children aged from 3 to 15 years, and more males than females(male to female ratio: 1.61:1). Students were mostly affected, which accounted for 66.56% of the infections. The incidence was typically characterized by seasons(peaked at spring, summer and winter), and waved in different years. The incidence rate was varied in different regions, and higher in cities bordering on other provinces. Conclusion  Jilin Province has higher incidence rate of mumps, and the preventive and control measures should be targeted on the susceptible population. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of single use and integrated use of four herbs on the expression of Type Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagen and TGF-β1 in schistosomiasis japonica mice with liver fibrosis He Pei1, Hu Junjian1, He Yongkang1, Yu Xingling1, Wang Yuanyuan1, Cao Jianping2* 2016, 14 (1):  25-28.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2016.01.009 Abstract ( 2003 )   PDF (566KB) ( 1603 )   【Abstract】 Objectives  To examine the effects by single use and integrated use of the four herbs Angelica sinensis, Astragalus mongholicus, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Radix Paeoniae Rubra on mRNA expression of type I collagen α1 (Ⅰ) chain (COL1A1)gene, type Ⅲ collagen α1(Ⅲ) chain(COL3A1)gene and TGF-β1 gene in liver tissues of hepatic fibrosis mice due to schistosoma japonicum infection. Methods  Liver fibrosis models from schistosomiasis were developed in mice and then randomized into group A(treated with Angelica sinensis), B(treated with Astragalus mongholicus), C(Salvia miltiorrhiza), D(Radix Paeoniae RubraⅡ), E(integrated treatment with the four herbs) and F(treated with praziquantel). Group F received simple praziquantel, and remaining groups were given additional herbal components besides praziquantel. Group N was used as controls, the six groups were subgrouped into two by the treatment course(20 days and 40 days). After treatment, Real-time PCR was performed to determine the mRNA of COL1A1, COL3A1 and TGF-β1. Results  Group A, B, C, D and E had better treatment effects on reduction of the mRNA expression of COL1A1, COL3A1 and TGF-β1 compared to group F group(P<0.001). Among treatment group, mRNA expression of COL1A1, COL3A1 and TGF-β1 in group E1 was significantly lower than that of group A1, B1, C1and D1(P<0.05 or P<0.001).Group E2 had lower mRNA expression of COL1A1 than group A2, B2 and D2(P<0.05), and expression of COL3A1 and TGF-β1 was lower than that of group B2 and D2(P<0.05). Conclusion  Either single use or integrated use of the four herbs Angelica sinensis, Astragalus mongholicus, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Radix Paeoniae Rubra can improve the liver fibrosis from schistosomiasis and significantly downregulate mRNA expression of COL1A1, COL3A1 and TGF-β1. However, integrated use of the four herbs may produce better and faster effects than single recipe． Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on the soil transmitted nematodasis in Tunxi district of Huangshan city from 2012 to 2014 Cheng Yinling, Wang Ronbao, Zhou Jianhong, Li Min, Zhang Junxia, Xu Lei. 2016, 14 (1):  29-31.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2016.01.010 Abstract ( 1946 )   PDF (384KB) ( 1065 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To investigate the infection status of soil transmitted nematodasis in Tunxi district of Huangshan city and the factors affecting the prevalence. Methods  Between 2012 and 2014, we selected three villages, including Yanxi, Bangxia and Huangdun, and Baishan primary school in Yanghu town as monitoring sites. The stool samples were collected in every November for consecutive three years, and detected with modified Kato-Katz thick smear technique. The positive samples were recorded and computed for the infection rate. Results  The positive sample was 0.62%(4/650), 8.14%(49/591) and 2.31%(14/606), respectively, for Yanxi, Bangxia and Huangdun village, and was free in Baishan primary school. Infection in Bangxia village was primarily associated with Ascaris, and in Huangdun with hookwarm. No severe infection was found in the three monitoring sites. Mild infection occurred in 4 cases in Yanxi, and mild to moderate infection was 79.59%(39/49) and 20.41%(10/49) in Bangxia. Yet mild infection accounted for 92.86%(13/14) in Huangdun. Highest infection rate was found in villagers aged 60 years and over. Conclusion  Although infection with sold transmitted nematodasis appears lower in Tunxi disctirct in general, yet the infection varies in areas, and still calls much attention to the local administration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in Fanchang county from 2009 to 2014 Wu Qiping, Shen Mingyong 2016, 14 (1):  32-34.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2016.01.011 Abstract ( 2069 )   PDF (541KB) ( 897 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To analyze the change trend of schistosomiasis in Fanchang county of Anhui province from 2009 through 2014 for scientific basis to plan following prevention strategies. Methods  The data on schistosomiasis were collected based on the annual reports, information generated from individual monitoring site and objective data across the county from 2009 to 2014, and analyzed in longitudinally fashion. Results  The infection rate of schistosomiasis in population and in farm cattle as well as areas with infected snails tended to decline year by year in general. The average rate in population was 0.27% in 2014, with an decrease by 55.7% compared to 2009. No acute schistosomiasis case and no infected cattle were reported since 2008 and 2012, respectively. The areas with snails were reduced to 103.2 square meters in 2014, with a decrease by 16.4% compared to 2009, and areas with infected snails were free since 2012. The density for living snails waved between 2009 and 2011, and the density was descended after 2011. In 2014, the density for living snails was declined to 0.14 pcs/0.1 m2, with a decrease by 65.0% compared to 2009. Conclusion  Prevalence of schistosomiasis is effectively controlled in Fanchang county, and currently remains lowest in history. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of schistosomiasis surveillance results in Wuhan City in 2014 Luo Huatang, Li Yang, Li Qunying, Wang Hao, Zhou Yehua, Zhou Shuimao, Xu Mingxing 2016, 14 (1):  35-37.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2016.01.012 Abstract ( 1940 )   PDF (366KB) ( 1337 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To understand the endemic status of schistosomiasis in surveillance sites in Wuhan in 2014 for scientific evidences to plan measures with prevention and control of this disease. Methods   Twenty-eight surveillance sites were established on administrative villages basis. Infections in residents and cattle as well as snail prevalence were monitored in each site, and related factors were examined.  Results  A total of 15 310 people and 348 cattle were examined in 2014, and 1 370.90hm2 of areas in 67 sites with or suspected with snails were surveyed. The results indicated that the infection rate was 0.05% for people and zero for cattle. The infection rate was decreased by 61.54% compared with that in 2013(χ2= 5.844, P=0.016). No infected snails were found in both inside and outside embankment areas. Conclusion  The schistosomiasis appears to be effectively controlled in the national surveillance sites in Wuhan City, however, surveillance should be continued in order to prevent the rebound of schistosomiasis through control of the infection sources. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and analysis of the snail distribution in 2015 in Zongyang County, Anhui Province Zhou Wei, Liu Qinqin, Wang Xiaoke 2016, 14 (1):  38-40.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2016.01.013 Abstract ( 2088 )   PDF (517KB) ( 1087 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To understand the current status and characteristics of the snail distribution in Zongyang County for following strategies in urgent control, prevention and survey of the schistosomasis.  Methods  Prevalence of snails were surveyed in 2015 throughout Zongyang County, and the data were collected and compared with those obtained from 2013 to 2014. Results  The area prevalent with snails were 1 542.8hm2 in 2015, located in 28 administrative villages of 8 towns. Snails were seen in 16.59% of the frames surveyed, and the average density of living snails was 0.776/0.11m2. None infected snails were found. Snails were mainly distributed in the marshland, bottomland and lake shore in strip fashion, which accounted for 95% of the total living snails area. Snails were less prevalent in inland areas, and scattered in the ditch, pond and settings near the residential areas. The areas with snails were decreased in 2015 across the county compared to the past two years, and no infected snails were detected. Conclusion  The area with snail generally tends to decline in Zongyang County, however, the gain in prevention and control of snails should be consolidated in following tasks. Related Articles | Metrics