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10 December 2015, Volume 13 Issue 4 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Preliminary study on early diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonicum by IHA based on soluble schistosomula antigen (SSA) Sun Chengsong, Zhang Lesheng, Wang Fengfeng, Wang Yue, Yin Xiaomei, Zhou Li, Wang Qizhi, Zhang Shiqing, Wang Tianping 2015, 13 (4):  189-192.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.04.002 Abstract ( 2320 )   PDF (493KB) ( 1138 )   Objective  To develop an IHA method by using soluble schistosomula antigen (SSA) for early diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica. Methods  Schistosomula were collected 13 days post-infection and SSA were prepared. The optimal volume ratio between SSA and erythrocyte and the best blocking concentration (V/V) by negative rabbit sera of inactivating complement were explored. Then the IHA method based on SSA (SSA-IHA) was constructed and the sera from non-infected rabbits and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 weeks post-infection were detected. Results  The optimal volume ratio between SSA and erythrocyte was 1∶1 and the best blocking concentration (V/V) by negative rabbit sera of inactivating complement was 3%. The positive rate of sera from non-infected rabbits and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 weeks post-infection were 0%, 0%, 0%, 90.91%, 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively when tested by SSA-IHA. Conclusion  The IHA method based on SSA has value on early diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica. Related Articles | Metrics

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Endemic situation of schistosomiasis in the national surveillance sites in Jiangxi Province from 2005 to 2014 Chen Zhe, Gu Xiaonan, Lv Shangbiao, Li Yifeng, Hang Chunqin, Ge Jun, Lin Dandan* 2015, 13 (4):  193-196.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.04.003 Abstract ( 2335 )   PDF (586KB) ( 1551 )   Objective  To understand the epidemic status and trend of schistosomiasis prevalence based on the data generated in the national surveillance sites in Jiangxi province in the last 10 years, in order to provide scientific evidences for prevention and control of the schistosomiasis across the province. Methods  Twelve surveillance sites on national level were designed throughout the province from 2005 to 2014 in compliance with the national surveillance protocol. Corresponding surveillance was annually carried out regarding the epidemic status in population, livestock and snails, and the data were collected and analyzed for understanding the schistosomiasis endemic situation and its dynamics. Results  Residents living in the lake bank and marshland areas had significantly higher infection rate than those living the hilly and mountainous regions, and fishermen aged over 20 years were most affected. Infection rate for residents and livestock as well as density of snails tended to decrease in general. Positive rates in residents by IHA and stool surveys as well as schistosomiasis were declined to 7.75%, 0.57% and 0.04% in 2014 from 32.50%, 15.47% and 5.03% in 2005, respectively. The infection rate in cattle was reduced to 0 in 2014 from 7.36% in 2005. The areas with snails, mean density of living snails and infected snails were significantly decreased from 731.27 hm2, 1.441 1/0.1m2 and 0.003 6/0.1m2 to 316.88 hm2, 0.471 3/0.1m2 and 0. Conclusion  By 2014, prevalence of schistosomiasis in population and livestock as well as areas with snails or infected snails remained lowest in history in the national surveillance sites in Jiangxi province. However, following surveillance should be weighed on fishermen, farmers and potential infectious sources . Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of schistosomiasis prevalence trend from the national surveillance sites in Hubei Province in 2014 Zhang Juan, Shan Xiaowei, Su Zhengming, Chen Yanyan, Zhou Xiaorong, Liu Jianbing, Cai Shunxiang* 2015, 13 (4):  197-200.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.04.004 Abstract ( 2501 )   PDF (410KB) ( 1774 )   Objective  To investigate the endemic status and trend of schistosomiasis from the national surveillance sites in Hubei province in 2014 in order to provide the scientific basis for planning comparable prevention and control strategies. Methods  According to the national surveillance protocol(Revision in 2011), we conducted surveys on the incidences of schistosomisis in population and livestock as well as the prevalence of Oncomelania snails and risk factors associated with the infection in the 16 national surveillance sites in Hubei province, and the results were analyzed with software SPSS version 19.0. Results   The infection rate for residents and cattle was 0.18% and 0, respectively. The mean density of living snails was 0.230/0.11 m2.  The occurrence rate of frames with living snails was 7.987%, and no infected snails were found. Conclusion  Although endemic schistosomiasis in human and livestock tends to decline in the national surveillance sites in Hubei province, yet the areas with living snails are still large, suggesting that this situation should be managed with great efforts in order to minimize the risks of resurgence. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the endemic characteristics of the epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Jilin Province from 2005 to 2014 hao Qinglong, Shi Yuting, Deng Liquan 2015, 13 (4):  201-203.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.04.005 Abstract ( 2024 )   PDF (647KB) ( 1350 )   Objective  To analyze the endemic characteristics and development trend of the epidemic hemorrhagic fever(EHF) in Jilin province for evidences to plan appropriate control and prevention measures for this entity. Methods  The epidemic data on EHF in Jilin province from 2005 to 2014 was retrieved from the reporting system of national CDC and statistically analyzed. Results  Incidence of EHF in Jilin province was peaked in 2005 and declined to the lowest in 2011. The peak incidence was seen in between April and June as well as from November to following January. EHF was prevalent nearly in each city and autonomous prefecture in a 10 year period. The top three hit areas included Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Baishan city and Jilin city in 2005, and Baicheng, Tonghua and Liaoyuan in 2014. Although EHF was reported in all age groups, yet males were more affected than females. The incidence was primarily between 30 and 59 years of age, and farmers accounted for the major population. Conclusion  The incidence of EHF in Jin Jilin province appears to increase in the past few years in general, and older population seems more affected. Geographical trend for the disease includes a notable shift from rural to urban areas and from east areas to the west. These findings suggest that relevant administrations should strengthen the surveillance over the population living in the highest endemic areas and in those areas with increasing morbidity, as well as plan health education and environment control before the seasonal prevalence of EHF. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical observation on the efficacies of praziquantel for liver fibrosis in patients with advanced schistosomiasis Lu Ping, You Lu, Hua Haiyong, Wamg Wei 2015, 13 (4):  204-207.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.04.006 Abstract ( 2433 )   PDF (447KB) ( 1454 )   Objective  To evaluate the clinical efficacies and safety of praziquantel for treatment of advanced schistosomal liver fibrosis. Methods  A total of 60 advanced schistosomiasis patients with hepatic fibrosis were randomly assigned to two groups. Patients in the control group received conventional liver protective medication, whereas those in the treatment group were given additional praziquantel in dose of 60 mg/kg, once a month on the conventional therapy protocol basis. Color Doppler ultrasonography was performed to measure the inner diameter of portal vein, spleen thickness and the width of splenic vein, and the serum concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), type Ⅳ collagen (C-Ⅳ), procollagen Ⅲ propeptide (PⅢP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were determined 6 months before invention and after 6 months of medication to evaluate the therapeutic efficacies of praziquantel. The adverse reactions were also observed within 24h of praziquantel administration. Results  There were no significant differences in the inner diameter of portal vein, spleen thickness and the width of splenic vein in the control group before and after treatment (all P values >0.05), whereas those index were significantly decreased in the treatment group after 6 months of medication(all P values < 0.05). Serum AST and ALT activities were declined in patients in the two groups, yet the decline was significant in treatment group. The control group had no significant difference regarding serum HA, LN, C-IV and PⅢP concentrations(all P values >0.05), yet the difference was significant for the treatment group (all P values <0.05). Adverse reactions occurred in patients treated with praziquantel, including nausea in 3 cases and dizziness in 1, and symptoms disappeared within 2 days. Conclusion  Praziquantel is effective and safe agent for patients with schistosome-induced hepatic fibrosis, and worthy of wider clinical use. Related Articles | Metrics

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Detecting the pathogens of hand-foot-mouth disease with RT-PCR in population in Suzhou City Hu Xueying, Zhang Ling 2015, 13 (4):  208-210,218.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.04.007 Abstract ( 2361 )   PDF (466KB) ( 1363 )   Objective  To understand the entervirous type and infection status of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD)in population in Suzhou city for scientific evidence to plan preventive and control strategies for this entity. Methods  The specimens were collected from patients clinically diagnosed HFMD in the sentinel hospitals in Suzhou areas from 2012 to 2014, and detected for the pathogens with real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). Then the nucleic acid of enterovirus identified was analyzed. Results  In the 962 samples, positive nucleic acid sequence was identified in 384(39.92%), of which 154(40.10%) and 144(37.50%) were associated with EV71 and CoxA16, and the remaining 86(22.40%) were infected with other strains. Of the 384 patients, 247 were males and 137 females. The positive rate was not significant between genders(χ2=0.83, P＞0.05), yet higher positive rate for the nucleic acid sequence was found in patient group aged one years and two years(73.18%). The peak prevalence of HFMD was in March and April, June and July, during which the CoxA16 and EV71 were prominent, and EV71 dominated between October and December. The highest positive rate for nucleic acid sequence was seen the densely-populated areas, including Xiaoxian County and Yongqiao area, which accounted for 50.21% and 42.18%, respectively. Conclusion  EV71 and CoxA16 are the major pathogens causing HFMD in population in Suzhou city, and children aged 3 years or under are mostly affected. The prevalence is commonly seen in March and April, June and July, suggesting that prevention and control as well as monitoring and treatment of this disease should be strengthened in these two seasons and children of 3 years of age and younger. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clustering nature of hand-foot-mouth disease outbreak in kindergartens in Chengdu area in 2014     u Liyuan, Dai Yingxue, Zhou Rong, Han Delin, Ma Lin. 2015, 13 (4):  211-214.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.04.008 Abstract ( 2130 )   PDF (485KB) ( 1271 )   Objective  To investigate the clustering nature of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) in kindergartens for scientific evidence to prevent and control this entity. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was applied to analyze the area, properties and faculty composition of the kindergartens as well as prevention and control measures implemented during the clustering prevalence. Results Of all HFMD incidences in kindergartens in 2014, urban area had more cases than rural areas in general, and the incidence was 56.78%, 50.40% and 32.40%, respectively, within the first, second and third zone of the administrative area. A total of 59.75% cases occurred in the urban area, and 75.13% in private kindergartens. Each outbreak affected 4.62 children on average, and lasted for a mean of 6.9 days. Poor preventive and control measures were implemented in the kindergartens located in the semi-urban areas and private institutions compared with those in the urban areas and public kindergartens. The proportion of full-time health care providers, together with their service years was correlated with effective preventive and control measures implemented, epidemic duration and the scale of disease. Lower ratio of the full-time health care providers within kindergartens had led to weak implementation of the preventive and control measures upon outbreak(r = 0.202, P< 0.01), longer the duration of disease (r = 0.08, P <0.05) and larger cumulative cases (r = 0.06, P< 0.06), and shorter service years of the providers were also associated with poorly implemented preventive and control measures(r = 0.187, P< 0.01). Conclusion The competent authorities are proposed to facilitate improvement of the   kindergartens by policy support for appropriate allocation of the health care resources and stability as well as enhance the supervision over the private kindergartens in implementation of the preventive and control measures in order to reduce the clustering incidence of HFMD. Related Articles | Metrics

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Pathogen type, antimicrobial resistance and risk factors for multidrug-resistant pathogens in patients with lower respiratory tract infections managed in the respiratory intensive care unit Liu Ling, Zhao Hongqing*, Wang Xinhua, Xu Kun, Wang Xun 2015, 13 (4):  215-218.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.04.009 Abstract ( 2134 )   PDF (446KB) ( 1859 )   Objective  To investigate the distribution of pathogens and antimicrobial resistance among patients with lower respiratory tract infections managed in respiratory intensive care unit(RICU), and analyze the risk factors for multi-drug resistant pathogen infections for evidences to control and prevent the drug resistance. Methods  A total of 74 patients with lower respiratory tract infections and positive sputum cultures, undergone treatment in the RICU in Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital from January to December of 2014, were enrolled in the study. The distribution of pathogens inducing lower respiratory tract infections and antimicrobial resistance were investigated, and the risk factors for multi-drug resistant bacterial infections were identified and statistically analyzed. Results  A total of 161 pathogens were isolated from the 74 subjects, and the top 4 pathogens included Staphylococcus aureus (23.60%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.50%), Acinetobacter baumannii (16.15%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.94%). 106 strains of multi-drug resistant pathogens (65.84%) were identified, in which S. aureus (35.85%), K. pneumoniae (22.64%) and A.baumannii (14.15%) were prominent. Twelve strains of pan-drug resistant pathogens (7.45%)were associated with A. baumannii (11 strains) and K. pneumoniae (1 strain). Forty-nine of 74 patients (66.22%) were co-infected with at least two types of pathogens, in whom 31 patients (41.89%) were co-infected with methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Logistic regression analysis indicated that Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE Ⅱ) scoring was independent risk factor of multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. Conclusion  Higher multi-drug resistant bacterial infections were observed in the patients with lower respiratory tract infections managed in RICU, and APACHE Ⅱ is an independent risk factor of multi-drug resistant bacterial infections. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on the prevalence of infectious diseases among migrant population in Chengdu in 2013 JiangXiaoman, ZhouRong, Han Delin 2015, 13 (4):  219-222.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.04.010 Abstract ( 2021 )   PDF (530KB) ( 1509 )   Objective  To investigate the prevalence patterns of infectious diseases in the migrant population in Chengdu city for supporting evidence to the local administration in planning preventive strategies measures. Methods  By reference to the information from the reporting systems of China CDC, and with stratified random sampling methods, we conducted a telephone survey on the patients suffering from notifiable infectious disease, including their current places and places of registration, and the prevalence of the infectious disease was compared between the migrants and local residents. Results  Of the 2 705 patients with notifiable infectious disease, 666 were migrants. The ages were primarily under 15 years, which was comparable to the permanent residents. Infectious disease more affected the migrants ranging in age from 15 to 29 years(χ2=73.98, P<0.001), yet less in those aged over 45 years(P<0.001). The prevalence of infectious disease varied in migrants living in different areas within the city(χ2=144.15,P<0.001), and the diseases were more prevalent in those living in the central urban and semi-urban areas. Difference was significant between the migrants and permanent population regarding the ratios of infection transmission route for intestinal diseases, respiratory disorders and sexually transmitted diseases(P<0.05). The top 5 notifiable infectious entity were nearly identical in the migrants with the permanent population. Conclusion  By the current prevalence status of infectious disease in Chengdu city, the population living in the central urban and semi-urban should be closely monitored, particularly in tuberculosis, syphilis, gonorrhea, respiratory diseases and sexually transmitted diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on the alcohol use patterns among adult urban residents in Xingtai City Li Chengcheng1, Fu Jun2, Ren Weihong1, Zhang Baoguo1, Liu Hongsheng1, Shang Lei1, Sun Weiming1*, Lv Junqing1 2015, 13 (4):  223-225.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.04.011 Abstract ( 2348 )   PDF (410KB) ( 1050 )   Objective  To investigate on the alcohol use patterns among adult urban residents in Xingtai city for evidences to plan appropriate intervention measures for this population group．Methods  By multi-stage random cluster sampling, we conducted a survey in 5800 adult urban residents with questionnaire response. Then descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the individual drinking behavior of responders. Results  Rate of alcohol use was 51.48% in adults, in which 78.45％ were males and 19.75% females. The former was significantly higher than the latter. Alcohol use was most common in population aged 35 and 45 years, which accounted for 59.45% and 54.50%, respectively. The difference existed in residents in disparate industries, with maximal number in manufacturing enterprises. Incentive to drinking was primarily associated with social-interaction. Conclusion  Alcohol use appears common in urban residents in Xingtai city, and issues associated with health and social harm could not be underestimated. Therefore, comprehensively planning preventive and control strategies should be based on the patterns of population distribution. Related Articles | Metrics

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Survey on the status of dogs infected with echinococcus in the southern region of Jiangsu Province      Xu Xiangzhen, Jin Xiaolin, Shen Minxue, Dai Yang, Liu Jianfeng 2015, 13 (4):  226-228,222.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.04.012 Abstract ( 2206 )   PDF (489KB) ( 1623 )   Objective  To investigate on the prevalence of echinococcosis in the southern region of Jiangsu Province in order to provide the evidence for planning effective control and prevention measures for this disease. Methods  We performed a survey in towns or villages in Yixing city and Liyang city, where the echinococcois was reported in recent years. Stool samples of dogs were initially collected to detect the fecal antigen, and positive samples were subjected to microscopic examination or suspected dogs were made to undergo catharsis for identifying the pathogens. In addition, field investigation and questionnaire were made in the local slaughter houses and personnel. Results  A total of 791 feces were tested. Although 12 specimens were positive(1.52%), yet no eggs or adults of echinococcus were detected. Conclusion  There is no evidence that the suspected echinococcus is local infection, close investigation and monitoring on this disease remains necessary. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on the mite breeding status in college refectories in Wuhu city Qi Guoqing△, Liu zhiyong△, Zhao Jinhong*, Li Chaopin* 2015, 13 (4):  229-230,239.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.04.013 Abstract ( 1981 )   PDF (487KB) ( 1208 )   Objective  To investigate the species composition and ecological index of mites in the college refectories in Wuhu city. Methods  The floor dust and portion of flour were respectively collected from the dinning hall, goods storage and wheaten food preparation room in the college refectories in Wuhu area, and subjected to separation of the mites by direct microscopic examination or water film microscopy. Mite specimens were prepared under the microscope, and then identified and counted. Results  Mites were detected in 54 of the 161 samples collected, with a positive rate of 33.54% (54/161). Eight mite species were identified, representing 7 genera under 5 families. The average breeding density was 36.38 heads/ g (384/468.60). Conclusion  Mites appear prevalent in the dinning areas and food materials in the college refectories in Wuhu, suggesting that these places should be strengthened by regularly specified test to prevent the mite infestation. Related Articles | Metrics