热带病与寄生虫学

热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2015, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (4): 211-214.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.04.008

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

2014年成都市托幼机构手足口病聚集性疫情分布特征

速丽媛，戴映雪，周蓉，韩德琳，马林   

  1. 610041 成都市，成都市疾病预防控制中心
  • 出版日期:2015-12-10 发布日期:2016-01-05

Clustering nature of hand-foot-mouth disease outbreak in kindergartens in Chengdu area in 2014    

u Liyuan, Dai Yingxue, Zhou Rong, Han Delin, Ma Lin.   

  1. Chengdu Municipal Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China.
  • Online:2015-12-10 Published:2016-01-05

PDF (PC)

1023

被引次数

9

摘要： 探索托幼机构的手足口病管理情况，为今后防制工作提供科学依据。 方法  应用描述流行病学方法，分析发生疫情托幼机构的区域、性质、教师配置、防控措施落实情况。 结果  2014年成都市托幼机构聚集性发病，城区高于农村，一、二、三圈层发生率分别为56.78%、50.40%和32.40%，59.75%属于城区发病，75.13%为民办机构发病。各起疫情平均病例数4.62例，疫情持续时间中位数6.9天。城乡结合部、农村托幼机构的防控措施落实差于城区，民办机构差于公立机构。托幼机构专职保健老师配置比例和工作年限分别与防控措施、疫情持续时间、疫情规模相关。配置比例越低，防控措施落实越差（r=-0.202，P<0.01），疫情持续时间越长（r=-0.08，P<0.05），累计病例数越多（r=-0.06，P<0.05）；工作年限越短，防控措施落实越差（r=0.187，P<0.01）。 结论  建议加大对托幼机构建设的政策支持，落实保健人员配置及稳定性，加大城乡结合部民办机构的监管，强化各项防控制度的执行和监督，以切实提高托幼机构传染病防控能力，减少手足口病聚集疫情的发生。

关键词: 托幼机构, 手足口病, 分布特征, 成都市

Abstract:

Objective  To investigate the clustering nature of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) in kindergartens for scientific evidence to prevent and control this entity. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was applied to analyze the area, properties and faculty composition of the kindergartens as well as prevention and control measures implemented during the clustering prevalence. Results Of all HFMD incidences in kindergartens in 2014, urban area had more cases than rural areas in general, and the incidence was 56.78%, 50.40% and 32.40%, respectively, within the first, second and third zone of the administrative area. A total of 59.75% cases occurred in the urban area, and 75.13% in private kindergartens. Each outbreak affected 4.62 children on average, and lasted for a mean of 6.9 days. Poor preventive and control measures were implemented in the kindergartens located in the semi-urban areas and private institutions compared with those in the urban areas and public kindergartens. The proportion of full-time health care providers, together with their service years was correlated with effective preventive and control measures implemented, epidemic duration and the scale of disease. Lower ratio of the full-time health care providers within kindergartens had led to weak implementation of the preventive and control measures upon outbreak(r = 0.202, P< 0.01), longer the duration of disease (r = 0.08, P <0.05) and larger cumulative cases (r = 0.06, P< 0.06), and shorter service years of the providers were also associated with poorly implemented preventive and control measures(r = 0.187, P< 0.01). Conclusion The competent authorities are proposed to facilitate improvement of the   kindergartens by policy support for appropriate allocation of the health care resources and stability as well as enhance the supervision over the private kindergartens in implementation of the preventive and control measures in order to reduce the clustering incidence of HFMD.

Key words: Kindergarten, Hand-foot-mouth disease, Distribution characteristics, Chengdu City