公共卫生应急作业中心建设与运行机制研究

doi:10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.01.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的了解国内外公共卫生应急作业中心（Public Health Emergency Operations Center, PHEOC）的建设及运行实践，为推动我国PHEOC的发展提供参考。方法通过文献检索与分析，梳理PHEOC的概念、功能演进及各国PHEOC建设与运行现况；通过对中国疾病预防控制中心在洪涝灾害事件救灾应急响应方面的案例分析，了解PHEOC在具体实践中发挥作用情况；通过专家专题访谈，了解PHEOC的功能延展、辅助决策、组织协调、资源配置、效果评估、机遇挑战等内容。结果共检索到文献1 256篇，最终筛选出37篇文献，包括3篇中文文献与34篇英文文献。文献分析结果显示，PHEOC在概念和功能上多指疾控机构组织或开展突发事件应急响应相关工作的场所。2018年中国疾病预防控制中心的PHEOC对四川、甘肃等省份洪涝灾害事件启动的应急管理案例表明，PHEOC在组织协调、联合风险评估、专业技术支持、现场队伍派遣与保障、多部门信息共享与风险沟通等方面发挥了重要作用。专题访谈意见主要包括在新形势下拓展PHEOC的前瞻性研究、加强复合型人才的培养、积极参与国际公共卫生行动、建立信息化的新型组织管理模式等。结论基于全球公共卫生应急一体化发展的大背景，有必要进一步拓展PHEOC的功能，健全运行机制，以提升其在全球公共卫生应急作业中的管理水平。

关键词: 突发公共卫生事件, 应急作业中心, 事件管理系统, 运行机制

Abstract:

Objective To understand the construction and operation practices of the Public Health Emergency Operations Center (PHEOC) at home and abroad for valuable reference in promoting the development and improvement of PHEOC in China. Methods By literature retrieval and case analysis, the concept of PHEOC was defined, and its development, construction status and operation experience in different countries were analyzed. Then the authentic cases of flood disaster incident response service by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed to understand the role of PHEOC in specific practice, and the construction of PHEOC was grounded via special interview with the experts, understanding of PHEOC function extension, auxiliary decision-making, organization and coordination, resource allocation, effect evaluation, opportunities and challenges. Results A total of 1 256 pieces of literature were retrieved, of which 37 were eventually included. Three articles were published in Chinese, and 34 in English. The results of literature analysis showed that, in terms of function and concept, PHEOC was generally defined as the place where disease control agencies organize or carry out related emergency response services. The case analysis of the PHEOC based on the response event for the flood disasters in Sichuan, Gansu, and other provinces launched by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2018 showed that PHEOC played an important role in organization and coordination, joint risk assessment, professional technical support, field team dispatch and guarantee, multi-sector information sharing and risk communication. The opinions of experts from special interviews mainly included prospective research on expanding PHEOC under the new situation, strengthening the cultivation of compound talents, actively participating in international public health actions, and incorporating new organizational management models into informatization. Conclusion Based on the context of the integrated development of global public health emergencies, it is necessary to further expand the functions and operation mechanisms of PHEOC in order to enhance the management level in the global public health emergency operations.

Key words: Public health emergencies, Emergency Operations Center, Incident management system, Operational mechanism

中图分类号:

R184

丁凡, 郭新慧, 张沛, 王琦, 金连梅. 公共卫生应急作业中心建设与运行机制研究[J]. 热带病与寄生虫学, 2025, 23(1): 60-65.

DING Fan, GUO Xinhui, ZHANG Pei, WANG Qi, JIN Lianmei. Research on the construction and operational mechanism of Public Health Emergency Operations Center[J]. Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology, 2025, 23(1): 60-65.

图/表 1

表1

纳入文献的基本信息

序号	第一作者	发表年份	研究类型^*	所涉区域	应对事件
1	Winkelmann I^[3]	2004	案例分析	欧洲-德国	核泄漏
2	Antoniou GN^[4]	2014	案例分析	欧洲-希腊	毒蜘蛛叮咬
3	Wen JC^[5]	2014	调查或访谈	亚洲-中国-台湾省	交通事故
4	孙辉^[2]	2014	综合分析	全球	多种突发公共卫生事件
5	Kouadio K^[6]	2016	综合分析	非洲-安哥拉、尼日利亚、埃塞俄比亚	多种突发公共卫生事件
6	Okeibunor J^[7]	2016	案例分析	非洲-安哥拉、科特迪瓦、乍得、刚果、尼日利亚	脊髓灰质炎
7	Vaz RG^[8]	2016	案例分析	非洲-尼日利亚	埃博拉病毒病
8	Olu OO^[9]	2016	案例分析	非洲-塞拉利昂	埃博拉病毒病
9	Fatiregun AA^[10]	2017	案例分析	非洲-尼日利亚	拉沙热
10	Denue BA^[11]	2018	案例分析	非洲-尼日利亚	霍乱
11	Bassey BE^[12]	2018	案例分析	非洲-尼日利亚	脊髓灰质炎
12	Bousso A^[13]	2019	综合分析	非洲-塞内加尔	多种突发公共卫生事件
13	Okunromade OF^[14]	2019	演练分析	非洲-尼日利亚-拉各斯州	黄热病
14	Saberian P^[15]	2019	案例分析	亚洲-伊朗	地震
15	Onorati T^[16]	2019	综合分析	全球	多种突发公共卫生事件
16	Ma JY^[17]	2020	综合分析	全球	多种突发公共卫生事件
17	Okoror L^[18]	2020	综合分析	非洲-刚果	埃博拉病毒病
18	Edukugho AA^[19]	2021	案例分析	非洲-尼日利亚	脊髓灰质炎
19	Nwafor CD^[20]	2021	案例分析	非洲-尼日利亚	拉沙热
20	Ding F^[21]	2021	案例分析	亚洲-中国	人感染H7N9禽流感
21	陈健^[22]	2021	综合分析	亚洲-中国-安徽省-马鞍山市	多种突发公共卫生事件
22	郑立国^[23]	2021	综合分析	亚洲-中国-湖北省	多种突发公共卫生事件
23	Elmahal OM^[24]	2022	综合分析	东地中海地区	多种突发公共卫生事件
24	Ngoy N^[25]	2022	案例分析	非洲	新型冠状病毒感染
25	Fathi R^[26]	2022	综合分析	全球	多种突发公共卫生事件
26	Chala TK^[27]	2023	案例分析	非洲-埃塞俄比亚-津马市	COVID-19，虱传回归热
27	Gizaw HS^[28]	2023	调查或访谈	非洲-埃塞俄比亚	新型冠状病毒感染
28	Hardhantyo M^[29]	2023	案例分析	亚洲-印度尼西亚	新型冠状病毒感染
29	Allen T^[30]	2023	综合分析	全球	多种突发公共卫生事件
30	Precious ND^[31]	2023	案例分析	非洲-尼日利亚	猴痘
31	Keita M^[32]	2023	案例分析	非洲-几内亚	埃博拉病毒病、拉沙热、马尔堡病毒病
32	Erbeto T^[33]	2023	案例分析	非洲-尼日利亚	脊髓灰质炎
33	Ario AR^[34]	2023	案例分析	非洲-乌干达	多种突发公共卫生事件
34	Tahir MA^[35]	2023	案例分析	亚洲-巴基斯坦	新型冠状病毒感染
35	Eteng WO^[36]	2024	综合分析	非洲	多种突发公共卫生事件
36	Asgary A^[37]	2024	调查或访谈	北美洲-加拿大	新型冠状病毒感染
37	Banaski JA Jr^[38]	2024	案例分析	全球	多种突发公共卫生事件

表1

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