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20 April 2023, Volume 21 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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EXPERT VIEWPOINT

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Policies, current situation and challenge of prevention and control of viral diarrhea in China LI Jin-song 2023, 21 (2):  61-64.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.02.001 Abstract ( 642 )   HTML ( 32 )   PDF (859KB) ( 1496 )   Viral diarrhea represents an important infections disease with heavy disease burden in China and even in the world. After the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic, our country has achieved a lot in surveillance, prevention and control capacity of viral diarrhea, and set up multifarious monitoring systems in prevention and control of viral diarrhea, and with development of detection technology, the capacity of monitoring and prevention and control has been greatly improved. However, top-level design and long-term planning should be strengthened to respond to the growing demand for the prevention and control of viral diarrhea at home and abroad, especially to standardize disease names in diagnosis and surveillance, develop a variety of cost-effective vaccines and test reagents suitable for wider clinical use, use new technologies and novel theories to optimize monitoring systems and health promotion, clear up the information barriers, and boost the enthusiasm and initiative of the public being involved in prevention and control tasks. References | Related Articles | Metrics

TOPICS ON TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL

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Epidemiological characteristics and medication outcomes in students with drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis in China from 2016 to 2020 CHEN Hui, SONG Ya-ting, LI Tao, ZHANG Can-you, CHEN Hong-ying, ZHANG Meng-xian, ZHOU Li-ping, CHENG Jun, SU Wei 2023, 21 (2):  65-71.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.02.002 Abstract ( 551 )   HTML ( 38 )   PDF (876KB) ( 625 )   Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) among students, so as to provide evidence for optimizing disease prevention and control measures. Methods The data were obtained from cases of drug-resistant TB in students registered in Tuberculosis Management Information System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention from 2016 to 2020. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the gender, age, nationality, treatment and prognosis of the patients with drug-resistant TB. Results A total of 2 541 cases of drug-resistant TB were registered in students from 2016 to 2020, in whom 2 469 (97.17%) were patients resistant to rifampin. Of the registered patients, 1 395 (54.90%) were males, and 1 146 (45.10%) females. 2 174 (85.56%) cases were Han nationality, and 367 (14.44%) minorities. The median age was 18 (17, 20) years old, and the infection was most seen in students aged 19 or over, accounting for 1 206(47.46%), followed by those aged 16-18 years (946, 37.23%). Patients aged from 0 to 12 years were least seen (only 68 cases, 2.68%). The registered cases were the highest in the western area (906 cases, 35.65%), while the registered cases were minimal in the central area of China (810 cases, 31.88%). By treatment, patients just underwent initial medication, which accounted for 73.55%. The proportion of patients with single rifampicin resistance and multi-drug resistance, from minority, aged between 0 and 19, and those undergone first medication tended to increase year by year (χ2trend=206.016, 18.212, 17.433, 45.651, all P<0.01). Overall treatment initiation rate of rifampicin-resistant patients was 91.58% (2 261/2 469), respectively 81.04% (171/211), 85.06% (279/328), 89.77% (500/557), 94.84% (662/698)and 96.15% (649/675) from 2016 to 2020, which showed an upward trend annually (χ2trend=75.340, P<0.01). 74.48% (1 684/2 261) of the patients were successfully treated. The successful medication rate was the highest in patients aged 16-18 years (77.62%) and in the eastern area, and the lowest in those aged 0-12(59.38%) and in the central area. The difference was significant in diverse age group (χ2=13.608, P<0.01) and different areas (χ2=10.240, P<0.01). The highest success rate of treatment was seen in the patients registered in between 2017 and 2018, which was 77.06% and 77.00%, respectively, and the lowest was seen in those registered in 2016, which was 66.67%. The difference was significant regarding the successfully medication rate in patients registered in different years (χ2=9.974, P<0.05). The successful medication rate was the highest in local residents, and the lowest in population floating among cities (81.04% vs. 57.62%, χ2=226.854, P<0.01). Conclusion From 2016 to 2020, the number of drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis cases detected among students has increased, and the prevention and control efforts has arrived at certain level, yet certain issues still exist. Although the treatment rate and successful medication rate appear higher, yet attention should be paid to the patients with missed therapy or poor prognosis. Therefore, it is suggested to strengthen screening, improve detection quality and strengthen the cooperation between schools, CDC and medical institutions. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on factors affecting the medication outcomes of subclinical tuberculosis in China from 2021 to 2022 WANG Han-fei, LI Tao, ZHAO Yan-lin, XU Cai-hong 2023, 21 (2):  72-77.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.02.003 Abstract ( 539 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (937KB) ( 855 )   Objective To understand the factors affecting the treatment outcomes of patients with subclinical tuberculosis in China for evidence in prevention of the infection and treatment of such patients in the future. Methods The data of subclinical tuberculosis patients diagnosed by designated tuberculosis medical institutions at all levels in China were obtained from 2021 to 2022 via the Tuberculosis Management Information System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. The case information consisted of demographic characteristics, clinical pictures and medication history, and was descriptively analyzed concerning the characteristics in population distribution. Binary logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting treatment outcomes. Results Between 2021 and 2022, a total of 3 804 patients were included, in whom 2 587 (68.0%) were males. 1 232 (32.4%) patients aged from 45 to 64 years, and 2 161 (56.8%) were farmers. 3 445 (90.6%) patients were local infection, and 3 625 (95.3%) were new patients. 2 758 (72.5%) patients were identified in referral and follow-up, and 3 743 (98.4%) were HIV negative. According to the outcome, 3 558 cases (93.5%) had successful treatment and 246 cases (6.5%) had poor outcome. Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for medication outcomes involved in patients aged 45-64 years old (OR=2.264, 95% CI: 1.244-4.119) or ≥65 years old (OR=4.538, 95%CI: 2.521-8.169), patients with HIV positive (OR=2.443, 95%CI: 1.090-5.476), or with comorbidities (OR=1.761, 95%CI: 1.305-2.378) and those with positive pathogen findings (OR=2.187, 95%CI: 1.548-3.087), patients undergone initial treatment regimens with 2HRZE/10HRE (OR=4.466, 95%CI: 3.009-6.629), 2HRZE/7-10HRE (OR=2.240, 95%CI: 1.262-3.975), or other sensitive regimens (OR=1.802, 95%CI: 1.228-2.645). Conclusion Subclinical tuberculosis patients were mainly middle-aged or elderly male farmers, and local infections. The patients were generally passively identified in referral and follow-up. Poor treatment outcomes may occur in patients aged ≥45 years, patients with HIV positive, or comorbidities, and those with positive pathogen results as well as failed use of standard medication regimen in patients undergone the initial treatment of tuberculosis. Therefore, it is necessary to further expand active detection of potential tuberculosis patients in the elderly population and those in rural areas, as well as further standardize the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis patients in order to early identify the subclinical tuberculosis patients and improve successful medication. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among floating population in China from 2018 to 2021 HU Dong-mei, XU Cai-hong, ZHAO Yan-lin 2023, 21 (2):  78-81.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.02.004 Abstract ( 455 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (1465KB) ( 522 )   Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among the floating population in China for evidence to plan control strategies for tuberculosis in the floating population in China. Methods The medical record data of pulmonary tuberculosis patients were initially retrieved through the Tuberculosis Management Information System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021, and then the floating population with pulmonary tuberculosis were screened and analyzed concerning their demographic characteristics, source of the cases identified, and reporting time, etc. Results From 2018 to 2021, a total of 268 927 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in the floating population nationwide. The reported number was 79 362, 76 188, 70 749 and 42 628, respectively in each year. 176 997 of the patients were males, and 91 930 females, with a sex ratio of 1.93∶1. The age group with the highest number of reported cases is 25 to 34 years old (66 471,24.72%). By occupation, the number of cases was the highest in farmers, followed by population in household (90 243, 33.56%) and unemployment (64 924， 24.14%). The proportion of farmers in each year of the reported cases showed downward trend (χ2trend=1 109.94, P<0.05), whereas upward trend in household workers and the unemployed (χ2trend=1 180.47, P<0.05). The minimum number of reported cases was in February (13 692, 5.09%), and the maximum was in April (27 465, 10.21%). The cases were mainly identified from referrals, self-referral due to symptom and follow-up, accounting for 43.31% (116 468/268 927), 28.63% (76 996/268 927), and 24.10% (64 802/268 927), respectively. The proportion showed an upward trend in the cases identified from self-referral due to symptom and referral, yet downward trend in follow-up (χ2trend=12.298, 135.446, 247.449, all P<0.05). The pulmonary tuberculosis cases identified among inter-provincial floating population were mainly involved in Guangdong, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Beijing and Jiangsu, which accounted for 66.95% (86 987/129 923) of the total number of the cases reported in inter-provincial mobile reports. Conclusion In recent years, the reported cases of tuberculosis among the floating population in China are primarily seen in male, middle-aged and young people, farmers, household workers and the unemployed. And there are differences in regional distribution. The findings suggest that the situation of epidemic prevention and control cannot be optimistic, and corresponding prevention and control strategies should be formulated by targeting at the key population and regions. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genomic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in border and non-border areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region YE Jing, ZHOU Chong-xing, LIN Mei, XIAN Xiao-min, LIANG Xiao-yan, ZHANG Ying-kun, LAN Ru-shu, CUI Zhe-zhe 2023, 21 (2):  82-87.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.02.005 Abstract ( 436 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (896KB) ( 583 )   Objective To analyze the distribution of genotype characteristics and drug resistance-related genes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in border and non-border areas of Guangxi. Methods Sputum samples were collected from tuberculosis patients in designated medical institutions in five regions of Guangxi from 2015 to 2017, and MTB isolates from border and non-border cities were compared. The next-generation whole genome with high-throughput sequencing technology was used to genotype the strains，identify the MTB lineage and collect information on changes in MTB resistance genes. Results A total of 646 strains were included in the study, including 199 strains in the border group. Among them, 8 strains were found in Lineage 1 (4.02%), 126 strains in Lineage 2 (63.32%), 1 strain in Lineage 3 (0.01%), and 64 strains in Lineage 4 (32.16%). 447 strains were identified in the non-border group, including 4 strains in Lineage 1 (0.89%), 299 strains in Lineage 2 (66.89%), and 144 strains in Lineage 4 (32.21%). Lineage 3 was absent in this group. There was significant difference in the distribution of genotype composition between border and non-border group (χ2=9.754, P< 0.05). The difference was significant in the distribution of Lineage 1 and Lineage 4.2 genotypes between border and non-border group (χ2=5.763, 4.833, all P<0.05). Mutations occurred in 196 MTB isolates with drug-resistance related gene, in which the mutation rate in border group was 40.70% (81/199), higher than 25.73% (115/447) in non-border group (χ2=14.613, P<0.05). The top 5 drug resistance genes with mutation rate from high to low were katG (15.94%, 103/646), ropB (11.30%,73/646), embB (6.04%, 39/646), rpsL (5.88%, 38/646) and rrsL (3.72%, 24/646). The mutation rate of katG, ropB and rpsL genes was higher in border group than in non-border group (χ2=5.716, 9.603, 6.979, all P<0.05). The distribution of corresponding katG315, rpoB450 and rpsL43 gene loci in border and non-border group was also significant different (χ2=5.153, 12.893, 11.693, all P<0.05). Conclusion The emergence of Lineage 1 and Lineage 3 in Guangxi suggests that these strains may have been spread from neighboring countries, which requires further empirical research. In addition, the distribution of drug resistance related gene site mutations in Guangxi is related to the composition of MTB genotype. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological characteristics of cluster epidemic of tuberculosis in schools in Hubei Province from 2018 to 2022 DA Qin, ZHOU Li-ping, HOU Shuang-yi, DAI Ji-fang 2023, 21 (2):  88-92.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.02.006 Abstract ( 428 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF (1102KB) ( 655 )   Objective To understand the occurrence law and epidemiological characteristics of epidemic cluster of tuberculosis in schools in Hubei Province, so as to provide evidence for effective control and prevention of tuberculosis prevalence in school campus. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to statistically analyze the distribution characteristics, etiology of the first case, and how the first case was identified from the epidemic cluster of tuberculosis in local schools in various regions of Hubei Province from 2018 to 2022. Results In total, 108 events of cluster of tuberculosis epidemic in schools were reported in Hubei Province from 2018 to 2022, including 3 public health emergencies. The events reported were 30, 28, 16, 20 and 14 during the five years, and the public health emergency was 2 in 2019 and 1 in 2020. A total of 588 cases were reported, yet no death occurred. High incidence of cluster epidemic appeared during April and June, when 46 events were reported, accounting for 42.59% of the total epidemics. The epidemic clustered in top three areas were Wuhan City (47 events, 43.52%), Enshi Prefecture (10 events, 9.26%) and Jingzhou City (8 events, 7.41%). The aggregated epidemic was most found in the high school students of their third year, with 25 (23.15%) epidemics reported, followed by sophomore and junior (19 epidemics, 17.59%, respectively). Pathogen-positive epidemic was seen in 65 cases (excluding drug-resistant cases) with first onset, which accounted for 60.19%. Eight cases were associated with drug resistance, accounting for 7.41%. Ninety-two cases with first onset were identified via self-referral due to symptom (85.19%). Of the first case identified by self-referral due to symptom, the median number (quartile) from the date of onset to the date of visit was 19 (3,64) days, and the delay rate of visit was 53.26% (49/92). Conclusion Schools should strengthen health education on tuberculosis, cultivate adolescents to develop good living habits, and improve teachers and students' ability to recognize tuberculosis. Administration of disease control should increase their proactive screening efforts and promptly detect signs of the epidemic. Targeted prevention and control should be carried out according to the characteristics of clustered epidemics in different regions. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in Kashgar，Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2020 DIERMULATI·Tu-sun , MAIWEILANJIANG·A-bu-li-mi-ti , LIU Zhen-jiang, HE Yi, SU Wei 2023, 21 (2):  93-97.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.02.007 Abstract ( 504 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF (1314KB) ( 685 )   Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and trend of pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence in Kashgar region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for reference in formulating the prevention and control strategies and measures for tuberculosis. Methods The case data of pulmonary tuberculosis reported in the 12 counties (cities) in Kashgar area from 2011 to 2020 were retrieved through the Tuberculosis Management Information System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to statistically analyze the time distribution, sputum detection rate, positive rate in pathogen detection, population and regional distribution. Results In total, 189 416 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in Kashgar area from 2011 to 2020, with an average incidence being 451.29/100 000 reported annually. The annually reported incidence was minimal 250.40/100 000 and maximal 806.75/100 000. The reported incidence tended to increase initially, and decline later. The rate of sputum test and positive rate in pathogen detection ranged in between 73.70% and 98.37%, 11.41% and 55.48%, respectively from 2011 to 2020. The incidence was the highest in population aged 60 years or over in all age groups, which accounted for 46.91% (88 858/189 416). The incidence was higher in males than in females, with a male to female ratio of 1.01∶1. By occupation, farmers appeared to be affected most (83.52%, 158 741/189 416). The top three annual reported incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis were Yingjisha County (816.68/100 000), Zepu County (643.99/100 000) and Yuepuhu County (516.09/100 000). Conclusion Pulmonary tuberculosis in Kashgar region showed an upward trend and then a downward trend, and the burden of tuberculosis was still heavy. The findings suggest that following prevention and control efforts for tuberculosis should be targeted at key population, counties and districts. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis among primary and secondary school students in Changsha City from 2013 to 2022 SONG Li-xin, XIONG Zi, WANG Xiao-jun, TIAN Bin 2023, 21 (2):  98-101.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.02.008 Abstract ( 342 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF (2152KB) ( 355 )   Objective To analyze the cases of pulmonary tuberculosis reported in primary and middle school students, and understand the epidemic characteristics of this infection in the primary and middle school campus in Changsha City for evidence to formulate corresponding intervention measures in scientific fashion. Methods The case information of pulmonary tuberculosis among primary and secondary school students in Changsha from 2013 to 2022 was obtained through the Tuberculosis Management Information System of China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive method was used to analyze the prevalence characteristics in terms of time, regional and population distribution. Results In total, 1 167 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis were reported in primary and secondary school students in Changsha area from 2013 to 2022. The incidence reported annually was between 8.16 and 13.99 per 100 000, and the incidence showed increase from 2013 to 2019, yet decrease from 2019 to 2022. The difference was significant (χ2trend=14.94, 21.00, both P<0.05). In the reported cases, 628 were males, and 539 females, with a sex ratio of 1.17∶1. The highest proportion of reported cases was seen in the age group of 15-18 years old (74.12%, 865/1 167). In terms of time distribution, the number of reported cases was mainly concentrated in between March and April, August and September, respectively accounting for 22.19% (259/1 167) and 24.68% (288/1 167) of the total reported cases. By regional distribution, Yuhua District had the highest proportion of reported cases (15.77%, 184/1 167), and the highest annual incidence was found in Tianxin District (15.91/100 000). Conclusion Primary and middle school students are one of the key population in pulmonary tuberculosis prevention and control in Changsha City in recent years, for which the prevention and control policies should be formulated by targeting at this population group. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

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Clinical pictures and risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infection in ICU patients CHEN Xiang-feng, ZHANG Zhen-hua, WU Yi-le, HU Xiao-qian, LIU Zhou, YANG Min, SUN Yun, LI Jing-rong, ZHENG Ling, YANG Xi-yao, YANG Li-qi 2023, 21 (2):  102-107.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.02.009 Abstract ( 593 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF (937KB) ( 1052 )   Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of nosocomial infection with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) in patients in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods The clinical data were obtained from 2018 to 2020 from 133 patients with nosocomial CRE infection in the four ICUs in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, and another 220 patients with carbapenem-susceptible Enterobacteriaceae (CSE) nosocomial infections were included as controls. Then the distribution and drug resistance to CRE pathogens were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the risk factors for CRE infection. Results Respiratory secretions were most seen in CRE infection in ICU patients (69.9%, 93/133), followed by blood(7.5%, 10/133) and intra-abdominal secretions (6.8%, 9/133). The top three CRE strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae (63.9%, 85/133), Enterobacter cloacae (15.0%, 20/133) and Serratia marcescens (6.0%, 8/133). The 30-day mortality was 41.6% in the ICU patients following CRE infections, and the mortality of CSE group was 27.6%. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.879, P<0.01). All strains of CRE exhibited extremely high resistance against carbapenems (≥97%), the drug resistance rates to gentamicin (80.8%), cotrimoxazole (72.2%), amikacin (51.5%) were relatively higher, while to ceftazidime-avibactam (30.3%), polymyxin B (2.9%) and tigecycline (2.1%) remained much lower. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients transferred to ICU from another hospital, exposure to glucocorticoids, carbapenems and glycopeptides before infection were independent risk factors for nosocomial CRE infections in ICU patients. Conclusion The risks of nosocomial CRE infection in ICU patients cannot be ignored. In clinical practice, regular screening of CRE for high-risk patients and rational use of anti-infective drugs and glucocorticoids can reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection with CRE in ICU patients. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

CONTROL STUDY

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Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City from 2011 to 2021 WANG Ying, HAN Yi, XU Yan-zi, HUANG Yan-fei 2023, 21 (2):  108-111.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.02.010 Abstract ( 380 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (828KB) ( 435 )   Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of scrub typhus in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City for evidence to formulate and improve prevention and control measures for this infectious disease. Methods The reported cases of scrub typhus in Nanshan District from 2011 to 2021 were collected through the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, and described regarding the three-dimensional distribution of the disease, mode of medical treatment, clinical symptoms of the infection and exposure patterns. The spatiotemporal scanning analysis method was used to analyze the spatiotemporal aggregation. Results In total, 181 cases of scrub typhus were reported in Nanshan District from 2011 to 2021. Annual reported incidence rate was 1.08/100 000, ranging from 0.58/100 000 to 2.28/100 000. The infection primarily occurred from May to November (91.16%, 165/181). Of the reported cases, 100 were males, and 81 females, with sex ratio being 1.23∶1. The population aged 40-49 (26.52%, 48/181) were most affected (27.83%, 47/181). By occupations, workers were most involved (28.73%, 52/181). 60.77% (110/181) of patients preferred to seek medical attention from a general hospital during onset of the disease, and 51.38% (93/181) were diagnosed with scrub typhus at the first visit. The main symptoms of the infection were fever (100.00%, 181/181), specific eschar or ulcer (97.79%, 177/181), and headache (65.19%, 118/181). The top three exposure modes were outdoor walking (43.65%, 79/181), outdoor work (29.28%, 53/181), and sitting and lying on grass (22.65%, 41/181). The epidemic focus was mainly involved in the block of Zhaoshang, Xili and Nantou (78.45%, 142/181). Spatiotemporal scanning indicated that Wenzhuyuan community in Zhaoshang block was Ⅰ-level clustering area from 2017 to 2019. Conclusion Scrub typhus appears sporadic in Nanshan District, for which the measures, including active vector monitoring and prevention, strengthening health education for the population and improving the diagnosis and treatment level of scrub typhus among clinical medical personnel, are recommended. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

CONTROL ADMINISTRATION

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Analysis on the outcomes of professional skill contest in parasitic disease prevention and control in Chongqing Municipality in 2021 CAI Jiao-jiao, XIANG Yao, XU Jing-ru, TAN Yan, ZHOU Yang, LI Zhi-feng 2023, 21 (2):  112-115.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.02.011 Abstract ( 396 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF (1599KB) ( 594 )   Objective To understand the theoretical and practical operation level of professional technicians in prevention and control of parasitic diseases at grass-root level in Chongqing area for reference in promoting the capacity of the prevention and control of parasitic diseases in the local area. Methods Technical contest in prevention and control of parasitic diseases was sponsored in Chongqing Municipality in 2021, and the constants were no less than 2 from each district and county. The contest consisted of theory examination, performance of microscopic detection and specimen preparation. Then the scores on different contest contents and pass rate were analyzed, and the factors affecting competition results, including the gender, age, professional bold and the nature of institutions, were analyzed as well. Results A total of 84 professionals participated in the contest. The passing rate was 20.24 % (17/84), with a median total score of 94.95 (72.70, 128.70). The pass rate was 40.48 % (34/84) and 10.71% (9/84), and the medial score was 55.25 (39.63, 65.38) and 40.40 (29.90, 51.38), respectively, for the theory test and operational skills. In theory contest, the highest scoring rate was in morphology (65.57%) and other parasitic diseases (63.00%). In skill operation competition, the pass rate was the highest in developing blood films for malaria diagnosis (88.10%, 74/84). In microscopic detection of Plasmodium, the highest correct rate was in microscopic detection of Plasmodium falciparum (56.64%). In detection of parasitic eggs, the highest correct rate was in microscopic examination of Ascaris eggs (100.00%). In terms of total scores, those with higher professional bolds and academic qualifications had higher scores (H=6.65, 11.40, all P<0.05), and the contestants with advanced academic degree had higher scores in theory test (H=10.01, P<0.05). By microscopic examination results of malaria parasites, higher scoring was seen in the contestants with higher professional bolds and academic qualifications, and those from medical institutions (H=6.81, 7.89, Z=1 134.00, all P<0.05). Conclusion The theoretical and practical operation levels of parasitic disease prevention and control need improving in the professionals in Chongqing area, and the professionals should be trained by targeting the weakness found in this competition in order to improve the level of prevention and control of parasitic diseases in our city. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

TEACHING EXPLORATION

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Teaching thinking of Medical Parasitology course for undergraduates in a medical college: Take food-borne parasitic diseases as an example TIAN Yi-ni, LE Bin, ZHANG Yi-long, ZHANG Dong-mei 2023, 21 (2):  116-119.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.02.012 Abstract ( 410 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (824KB) ( 775 )   Objective To understand the cognitive status of undergraduates in a medical university on food-borne parasitic diseases for reference to design the teaching contents and improve the teaching methods for medical parasitology course. Methods Undergraduates who had completed the curriculum of medical parasitology in the spring semester of 2022 were included by using convenience sampling method, and underwent survey on the living habits of the student as well as their knowledge level of food-borne parasitic diseases, learning and behavioral willingness. Results Of the 109 participants, the highest recognition accuracy was in Taenia solium (90.83%, 99/109), and the lowest was in Trichinella spiralis and Toxoplasma gondii (both were 45.87%, 50/109). The correct rate of infection pathway cognition was the highest in "eating raw fish and drunken shrimp and drunken crab" (97.25%, 106/109), and the lowest in "eating measly pork" (86.24%, 94/109). The highest correct knowledge towards clinical symptoms was "gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea" (97.25%, 106/109), and the lowest was "epilepsy and hemiplegia" (55.96%, 61/109). Students' knowledge level of food-borne parasitic diseases was positively correlated with their knowledge learning, knowledge dissemination and behavioral change willingness (r=0.273, 0.193, 0.189, both P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the scores of knowledge learning, knowledge dissemination and behavioral change willingness among students of different genders, nationalities, origins and majors (all P>0.05). Conclusion The knowledge of part of food-borne parasitic diseases was poorer in medical undergraduates, and the students need improving in cognition of the clinical symptoms involved in those parasites. In the course of teaching, it is suggested to appropriately increase the content proportion of important foodborne parasitic diseases, and improve students' cognition level of food-borne parasitic diseases. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics