热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2023, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (2): 108-111.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.02.010

• 防治研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

2011—2021年深圳市南山区恙虫病流行特征分析

王颖(), 韩毅, 许艳子, 黄燕飞()   

  1. 深圳市南山区疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518054
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-05 出版日期:2023-04-20 发布日期:2023-05-04
  • 通信作者: 黄燕飞,E-mail: 623202409@qq.com
  • 作者简介:王颖,女,硕士,主管医师,研究方向:传染病疫情防控。E-mail: 86151058@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    深圳市南山区技术研发和创意设计项目分项资金教育(卫生)科技资助项目(2019078)

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of scrub typhus in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City from 2011 to 2021

WANG Ying(), HAN Yi, XU Yan-zi, HUANG Yan-fei()   

  1. Nanshan District Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen 518054, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2022-11-05 Online:2023-04-20 Published:2023-05-04
  • Contact: HUANG Yan-fei, E-mail: 623202409@qq.com

摘要:

目的 了解深圳市南山区恙虫病的流行特征,为制定和完善恙虫病防控措施提供参考依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2011—2021年南山区恙虫病报告病例信息,对该病的三间分布及病例就诊方式、临床症状、暴露方式等特征进行描述,并采用时空扫描分析方法分析时空聚集情况。结果 2011—2021年南山区共报告恙虫病病例181例,年均报告发病率为1.08/10万,年报告发病率为0.58/10万~2.28/10万;报告病例集中在5—11月(91.16%,165/181)。男性报告病例100例,女性81例,性别比为1.23∶1;40~49岁年龄组病例占比最高(26.52%,48/181);职业以工人最多(28.73%,52/181)。发病时首选综合医院就诊的病例占60.77%(110/181),首诊即诊断为恙虫病/疑似恙虫病的比例为51.38%(93/181)。病例主要症状有发热(100.00%,181/181)、特异性焦痂或溃疡(97.79%,177/181)和头痛(65.19%,118/181)。暴露方式前3位的为户外散步(43.65%,79/181)、野外作业(29.28%,53/181)和坐卧草地(22.65%,41/181)。疫点主要分布在南山区的招商、西丽和南头等3个街道(78.45%,142/181)。时空扫描显示,2017—2019年招商街道的文竹园社区为Ⅰ级聚集区。结论 南山区恙虫病呈散发流行,建议积极开展虫媒监测与防制,加强对人群的健康教育,并提高临床医务人员对于恙虫病的诊疗水平。

关键词: 恙虫病, 流行特征, 时空聚集, 南山区

Abstract:

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of scrub typhus in Nanshan District of Shenzhen City for evidence to formulate and improve prevention and control measures for this infectious disease. Methods The reported cases of scrub typhus in Nanshan District from 2011 to 2021 were collected through the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, and described regarding the three-dimensional distribution of the disease, mode of medical treatment, clinical symptoms of the infection and exposure patterns. The spatiotemporal scanning analysis method was used to analyze the spatiotemporal aggregation. Results In total, 181 cases of scrub typhus were reported in Nanshan District from 2011 to 2021. Annual reported incidence rate was 1.08/100 000, ranging from 0.58/100 000 to 2.28/100 000. The infection primarily occurred from May to November (91.16%, 165/181). Of the reported cases, 100 were males, and 81 females, with sex ratio being 1.23∶1. The population aged 40-49 (26.52%, 48/181) were most affected (27.83%, 47/181). By occupations, workers were most involved (28.73%, 52/181). 60.77% (110/181) of patients preferred to seek medical attention from a general hospital during onset of the disease, and 51.38% (93/181) were diagnosed with scrub typhus at the first visit. The main symptoms of the infection were fever (100.00%, 181/181), specific eschar or ulcer (97.79%, 177/181), and headache (65.19%, 118/181). The top three exposure modes were outdoor walking (43.65%, 79/181), outdoor work (29.28%, 53/181), and sitting and lying on grass (22.65%, 41/181). The epidemic focus was mainly involved in the block of Zhaoshang, Xili and Nantou (78.45%, 142/181). Spatiotemporal scanning indicated that Wenzhuyuan community in Zhaoshang block was Ⅰ-level clustering area from 2017 to 2019. Conclusion Scrub typhus appears sporadic in Nanshan District, for which the measures, including active vector monitoring and prevention, strengthening health education for the population and improving the diagnosis and treatment level of scrub typhus among clinical medical personnel, are recommended.

Key words: Scrub typhus, Epidemiological characteristics, Spatiotemporal clustering, Nanshan District

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