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20 February 2022, Volume 20 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Sustainable development of cooperative innovation in schistosomiasis control: A model case in Jiangxi Province ZHU Ze-lin, YUAN Min, LIU Yi-wen, LIN Dan-dan, LI Yi-feng, LI Zhao-jun, ZHANG Jing, LÜ Shang-biao, REN Guang-hui, ZHOU Jie, LIU Jian-bing, YUAN Yi, HE Liang-cai, ZHANG Shi-qing, YANG Kun, YU Zhang-ke, ZHOU Li-yuan, DENG Wang-ping, CAO Chun-li, LI Shi-zhu 2022, 20 (1):  1-3,27.  Abstract ( 1171 )   PDF (861KB) ( 1014 )   Jiangxi represents one of provinces with serious prevalence of schistosomiasis in China. During the 13th Five-Year Plan period, the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention signed an agreement with the former Jiangxi Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission for prevention and control of the parasites/schistosomiasis through collaborative innovation. Both parties agreed to actively implement series of efforts, including strengthed cooperation and innovation, which effectively boosted the progress of prevention and control of schistosomiasis in Jiangxi Province. This paper briefly reviewed the progress of schistosomiasis epidemic and control in Jiangxi Province, specified the major challenges faced in construction of the model area, and elaborated the countermeasures and suggestions in order to further promote the sustainable development of schistosomiasis control through collaborative innovation during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the outcomes of health education in prevention of schistosomiasis among primary and secondary school students ZHANG Na, JIANG Hong-lin, LIN Dan-dan, REN Guang-hui, LIU Yang, GUO Hao, LIU Jin-ming, ZHOU Jin-xing, XU Jing, LI Shi-zhu, JIANG Qing-wu, ZHOU Yi-biao 2022, 20 (1):  4-6.42.  Abstract ( 904 )   PDF (896KB) ( 962 )   Objective    To understand the effects of health education on schistosomiasis control in primary and secondary school students, and discuss the existing problems and challenges for scientific evidence in formulating health education measures during the 14th Five-Year Plan. Methods    By stratified cluster sampling, we conducted the survey in three stages in the primary and secondary school students in endemic areas from 3 provinces. All participants received written questionnaire response for scoring on the knowledge and awareness of schistosomiasis prevention and control as well as the rate of correct behavior in schistosomiasis prevention. Results    A total of 586 valid questionnaires were retrieved from the participants in this study. The full score rate was 73.5%, and failure rate 0.7%, with an average score of 96.4±8.0. The awareness rate of knowledge and the correct rate of behavior related to schistosomiasis control were 95.7% and 98.2%, respectively. There were statistical differences between male and female students in awareness rate of knowledge （95.2% vs. 96.3%） and correct rate of behavior （97.5% vs. 98.9%） involved in schistosomiasis control（χ2=6.973, 8.101; both P<0.05）. In addition, the awareness rate of knowledge and correct rate of behavior were different between junior middle school students and primary school students（98.9% vs. 92.6%; 99.2% vs. 97.1%; χ2=199.451, 18.443; both P<0.05）. Conclusion     Health education on schistosomiasis control has achieved profound effect on primary and secondary school students, yet the effect remains different between genders and students of different grades, for which health education should be sustained in the future in order to constantly improve the awareness of the population living in the endemic areas in prevention of schistosomiasis infection. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on the knowledge, attitude and practice of malaria control among primary school students and residents in Queshan County, Zhumadian City TIAN Li, WEI Ai-ping, DU Yan-fei 2022, 20 (1):  7-10.  Abstract ( 821 )   PDF (874KB) ( 604 )   Objective    To understand the knowledge, attitude and behavior towards malaria prevention and control among  primary school students and residents in Queshan County of Zhumadian City, so as to provide evidences in formulating control strategies for specific population and preventing imported malaria from re-spreading. Methods     One township was initially and randomly determined by geographical orientation (the east, south, west and middle area) in Queshan County by random sampling, where then one primary school and one administrative village were randomly selected from each township, from which 50 primary school students of grade 5 and 30 residents were randomly included to undergo the questionnaire survey. The results of knowledge, attitude and behavior towards malaria prevention and control were analyzed. Results     In the 401 respondents(149 residents, 252 students), the total awareness rate of malaria control knowledge was 47.76%. The awareness rate in residents was 64.82% , and male residents had higher awareness rate than those of females(66.67% vs. 61.67%) ,with significant difference (χ2=4.565, P<0.05), yet there was no significant difference in the awareness rate among residents of different ages (χ2=7.176, P＞0.05). The difference was significant in the awareness rate of residents with different educational backgrounds (χ2=71.432, P<0.05). Residents’ attitude towards malaria prevention and control was positive in general, and the rate of attitude-hold was 92.62%, whereas the rate of behavior-hold appeared poorer, which was only 47.43%. The awareness rate in primary students was 37.67%, and that was no significant difference in boys and girls(χ2=0.538，P＞0.05), but varied in students from different schools (χ2=8.616, P<0.05). The awareness rate was higher in residents than in primary school students (χ2=332.109, P <0.05) Conclusion     The rate of knowledge on malaria prevention and control as well as behavior-hold seems lower among primary school students and residents from Queshan County of Zhumadian City, though the attitude towards malaria prevention and control is positive in residents. Our findings suggest that health education on imported malaria should be continuously enhanced in following efforts in order to  consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination. Related Articles | Metrics

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Survey on the knowledge, attitude and practice of schistosomiasis prevention and control in residents in Anqing City WANG Jia-lan, XU Ya-nan, ZHU Feng-jiao, ZHU Hui-hui, XU Yu-mo, TANG Xiao-niu 2022, 20 (1):  11-14.  Abstract ( 877 )   PDF (867KB) ( 565 )   Objective     To understand the knowledge, attitude and behavior of the residents in Anqing City on schistosomiasis prevention and control, and analyze the influencing factors, so as to provide evidences for health education on prevention and control of this parasitic infection. Methods     Local residents were selected from the three endemic counties (districts) in Anqing City by simple random sampling, and surveyed on the knowledge, attitude and behavior of schistosomiasis prevention and control by questionnaire response via on-line Credamo platform. Then the results were statistically analyzed. Results     The total rate of knowledge, correct attitude and correct behavior of schistosomiasis prevention and control was 84.33%, 91.54% and 76.25%, respectively，there were significant differences in awareness rate of knowledge among participants of different occupational groups and genders (χ2=11.549, 57.459；all P < 0.05)，and with no significant difference among participants of different epidemic areas, age groups, genders, educational background (all P < 0.05).There was also no significant difference in the correct rate of attitude and behavior of blood control among population of different epidemic areas, age groups, genders, education status and occupations (all P > 0.05). Conclusion     The overall rate of knowledge appears relatively higher, and the attitudes are general positive on schistosomiasis prevention and control among residents in the endemic areas in Anqing City, yet development of correct behavior for prevention and control of this parasitic infection needs improving. Following work should target at strengthening health education on the living behavior of residents, especially in residents with frequent contact with the infested water as well as school students and college students. Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological investigation on toxoplasmosis infection status in pet cats and dogs in Wuhu City WU Yan, ZHANG Yan, ZHU Zhi-wei, ZOU Ming-hui, XUE Qi-qi, ZHAO Jin-hong 2022, 20 (1):  15-16,20.  Abstract ( 902 )   PDF (888KB) ( 1058 )   Objective     To understand the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in pet cats and dogs in Wuhu City, Anhui Province for evidence to formulate scientific measures against this infection. Methods     136 blood samples of pet cats and 217 blood samples of pet dogs were collected, and detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for Toxoplasma gondii(T. gondii) IgG antibody. Results     Positive rate of T. gondii IgG antibody in pet cats and dogs was 10.3% and 14.7%, respectively. The positive rate of toxoplasma IgG antibody was 11.1% and 8.7%, respectively for male and female cats, without significant difference in different genders(χ2=0.346, P>0.05). The difference of positive rate of serum antibody was significant in pet cats of different ages(χ2=7.674, P<0.05), with the highest in cats aged >3~5 years(50.0%). The positive rate of T. gondii IgG antibody was 17.8% and 7.7%, respectively in male and female dogs, and the difference was significant between genders (χ2=4.280, P<0.05). The highest positive rate of serum antibody was seen in pet dogs aged >3~5 years(50.0%), and the difference was statistically significant with other age group(χ2=12.607, P＜0.05). Conclusion     Toxoplasmosis appears prevalent in the pet cats and dogs in the urban area in Wuhu. The findings suggest that domestic cats and dogs should be fed in scientific manner in order to reduce the risks of transmission of toxoplasmosis from pets to humans. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the epidemiological features of dengue fever in Songjiang District of Shanghai from 2014 to 2020#br# GAO Gui-ling, ZHANG Qing-hui, LÜ Xi-hong, SUN Zhong-xing, TAO Jun-jie 2022, 20 (1):  17-20.  Abstract ( 828 )   PDF (941KB) ( 959 )   Objective     To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever cases in Songjiang District of Shanghai for scientific evidences in prevention and control of this infection. Methods     Cases of dengue fever reported in Songjiang District were retrieved from the National Disease Surveillance Information System during 2014-2020. Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemiological properties, including the time, space and population distribution of the cases. Results     Totally, 20 dengue fever cases were reported in Songjiang District from 2014 to 2020, all of which were imported cases. There were no local cases and no deaths. The cases were generally imported from Southeast Asian countries, which accounted for 95.0% of all reported cases （19/20）. Temporal distribution presented in unimodal fashion, and was peaked in July and August. The male to female ratio was 4：1, and the median age was 37 years old for the infections, with the young and middle aged being dominant （65.0%). Occupation with dengue infection was associated with company employees （35.0%）, business services （20.0%） and workers（20.0%）. The imported cases were reported from 7 of the 15 blocks/towns within Songjiang District. The interval of median days for the 20 cases was 6 d from onset to final diagnosis. Laboratory studies revealed that the infection was involved in DENV-1 and DENV-2, with DENV-2 being dominant （71.4%）. Conclusion     The dengue fever epidemic in Songjiang District of Shanghai is dominated by imported infection, and evidently presents in seasonal fashion. The findings suggest that the prevention and control measures should be focused on management of imported infection as well as local prevalence and epidemic. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the results of schistosomiasis endemic surveilled in national surveillance site of Guichi District, Chizhou City from 2015 to 2019 CI Sheng-li, LIU Ze-xiang, KE Yong-wen, DAI Jian-jun, CHEN Man-hong 2022, 20 (1):  21-23.  Abstract ( 807 )   PDF (853KB) ( 817 )   Objective     To analyze the surveillance results of schistosomiasis prevalence in a national surveillance site in Guichi District from 2015 to 2019 for evidence to develop strategies for prevention and control of schistosomiasis. Methods     According to the requirements specified in National Schistosomiasis Surveillance Scheme (2014 version), we conducted surveillance over Schistosoma japonicum infections in population and livestock, snails and wild feces in Guichi District from 2015 to 2019, and analyzed the surveillance results of schistosomiasis prevalence. Results     Totally, 4 297 local residents/times in the national schistosomiasis surveillance sites in Guichi District underwent serological examinations. Positive rate of blood test was decreased to 2.48% in 2019 from 7.22% in 2015. Serological studies performed in the floating population(a total of 1 274 individuals/times) showed that the positive rate was 8.00%, 11.5%, 7.58%, 4.42% and 7.91%, respectively from 2015 to 2019. No positive stool was found in the local and floating population. There were no local acute schistosomiasis infections, and no newly or reemerged cases of advanced schistosomiasis in the five years. Screening test was conducted in the feces from 92 pigs and 108 dogs, which showed no positive findings. A total area of 219.49 hm2 was investigated for the snail infection, and 6 216 live snails were captured. The results showed that the density of live snails was 2.84, 1.08, 2.91, 2.14 and 0.88 snails /0.1 m2, respectively. No infected snails were found. Conclusion     Generally, schistosomiasis endemic in Guichi District tends to decrease, yet the risk of transmission still exists. The findings suggest that the surveillance system on schistosomiasis still needs perfecting, and the sensitivity and level of surveillance should be improved in order to prevent resurgence of schistosomiasis.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and analysis of newly discovered advanced schistosomiasis cases in Nanling County, Anhui Province from 2016 to 2020 DENG Yu-jun, MIN Xiu-chun, WANG Jing, ZHANG Da-wei 2022, 20 (1):  24-27.  Abstract ( 848 )   PDF (897KB) ( 1281 )   Objective    To understand the epidemic and clinical characteristics of newly discovered advanced schistosomiasis for evidence to formulate scientific measures against this entity. Methods     The data, including the basic information, inpatient medical records, imaging and laboratory findings were collected from and analyzed in the newly discovered advanced schistosomiasis cases reported in Nanling County from 2016 to 2020. Results     Totally, 49 new cases of advanced schistosomiasis were found in Nanling County between 2016 and 2020, distributed in 4 townships, including 34 cases in Yijiang Town, 13 in Jishan Town, 1 in Xuzhen Town and another 1 in Jiafa Town. Average age of the 49 patients was (59.11±11.66) years. Twenty-six of them were males, and 23 females. The occupations were associated with farmers in 22, migrant workers in 17 and domestic workers in 8. By clinical typing, 31 cases were of splenomegaly, 16 of ascites and 2 of colonic proliferation. The average time was 19.2 years from the initial diagnosis to the first conclusion of advanced schistosomiasis, and the average treatment session was 4.22. B-ultrasound revealed that splenomegaly occurred in 31 of the 49 cases of the advanced schistosomiasis. Fourteen patients underwent splenectomy, and 4 were of normal spleen. The mean count of platelets and leukocytes was significantly lower in patients with splenomegaly than in those undergone splenectomy(t =[-]5.552,[-]4.958; both P<0.05). In the 49 patients, 27 had a history of type B or/and C infection. Twenty four had history of hepatitis B infection, 6 had history of hepatitis C infection. Serum albumin level was significantly lower in patients with hepatitis B and/or C infection history than those without infection history (t=2.702, P<0.05). Conclusion     Survey on the advanced schistosomiasis should be strengthened in the key population living in the crucial areas of schistosomiasis control so that the potential advanced infection can be timely identified and undergone anti-fibrosis therapy in early stage to slow down the disease progression. Additionally, prevention or anti hepatitis treatment is recommended. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the epidemic status of schistosomiasis in Jiangdu District of Yangzhou City from 2016 to 2020 ZHU Xi-guang, TANG Hong-ping, ZHENG Ya-ming 2022, 20 (1):  28-30.  Abstract ( 950 )   PDF (858KB) ( 1236 )   Objective     To understand the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in Jiangdu District of Yangzhou City, so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of schistosomiasis in following work. Methods     The data on the snail, population, livestock and sentinel rat infection were collected in Jiangdu area from 2016 to 2020, and analyzed for the changes of schistosomiasis prevalence. Results     From 2016 to 2020, a total of 17 042.85 hm2 were surveyed on the snails status in Jiangdu District, where snails area were 14.54-88.82 hm2. The occurrence rate in a typical frame with live snails was between 9.90% and 14.64%, with an average density of 0.17-0.61 snails/0.11 m2. Dissection of 20 698 snails showed no infection. Totally, 90 335 people underwent serological tests, which showed positive rate between 0.10% and 0.66%, with average positive rate of 0.40%. The average positive rate by blood test was higher in floating population than those in permanent residents, the difference was statistically significant（χ2=145.711, P<0.05）.Serological examination also showed that permanent residents had higher average positive rate than those of outpatients, with statistical difference（χ2＝13.721, P＜0.05）. No schistosomiasis infection was found in a total of 12 397 people received examination of feces, and in a total of 4 048 livestock undergone serological tests. Conclusion     Epidemic situation of schistosomiasis remained relatively stable during the 13th Five-Year Plan period in Jiangdu area. The findings suggest that our efforts are remarkable, though the risk of schistosomiasis transmission still exists. Following tasks should involve continuous implementation of comprehensive control measures as well as improvement of monitoring and early warning strategies. Related Articles | Metrics

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Challenges and prospects of Oncomelania snail control via mollusciciding in China in the new era LI Lu, ZHANG Li-juan, ZHANG Shi-qing, XU Jing 2022, 20 (1):  31-35.  Abstract ( 958 )   PDF (905KB) ( 1422 )   Oncomelania hupensis is the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum. Its breeding and distribution can directly affect the endemic range and transmission of schistosomiasis, for which control of Oncomelania snail represents one of important measures to interrupt and eliminate the transmission of schistosomiasis. Mollusciciding serves as an effective countermeasure for control and elimination of the snails, especially for controlling the infected snails. However, with increasing attention to environmental protection, particularly with the Yangtze River Protection Law of the People's Republic of China enacted, implementation of snail control by chemical drugs in snail habitats along the Yangtze River faces great challenges. This paper attempts to analyze the current challenges of mollusciding for snail control, and put forward certain countermeasures concerning snail control with molluscicide in the context of environmental protection and economic construction of the Yangtze River based on review of the major molluscicides currently used and methods of killing snails.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of UGTs in liver diseases and its transcriptional regulation mechanism XUE Qing-kai, HUANG Yu-zheng 2022, 20 (1):  36-42.  Abstract ( 1738 )   PDF (957KB) ( 3670 )   UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), an important phase Ⅱ metabolic enzyme and highly expressed in the liver, plays pivotal role in the metabolism and clearance of substances. Therefore, transcriptional regulation of UGTs is critical for the occurrence and development of liver diseases. This paper aims at reviewing the general families of UGT and their relationship with metabolism, and investigating the expression and transcriptional regulation of UGTs in liver disease, as well as the study of UGTs in disease mechanism and implications of UGTs in clinical treatment of liver disease.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress in the complete mitochondrial genomes of the Trombidiformes FENG Rui, FANG Ying, FANG Yu, CHU Ling-miao, SU Xuan, LIU Lu-yao, LI Fei-yan, ZUO Ze-tao, DING Lan, HU Cai-xiao, WU Mo-wen, SUN En-tao 2022, 20 (1):  43-49.  Abstract ( 844 )   PDF (1399KB) ( 1077 )   Trombidiformes represents a large dispersal group, and many of which possess medical and economic importance. In this study, we reviewed the mitochondrial genomes of Trombidiformes regarding the general structure and gene rearrangement, protein-coding genes, rRNA and tRNA genes, control region and phylogenetic relationship, as well as the research progress in the sequenced complete mitochondrial genomes of Trombidiformes species. The characteristics of complete mitochondrial genomes and phylogenetic relationship of Trombidiformes reported in recent years were also described in this paper. Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of ATP-P2X7R axis in inflammatory diseases YAN Shi-yi, CHEN Shi-yao, GUAN Fei, LEI Jia-hui 2022, 20 (1):  50-56,60.  Abstract ( 1244 )   PDF (1170KB) ( 5168 )   In addition to being an energy source, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) can also bind to purinergic receptor 2X7 (P2X7R) on the cell surface to activate downstream related signaling pathways and initiate various pathophysiological reactions. P2X7R is widely expressed on many immune cells, such as macrophages, monocytes, lymphocytes and eosinophils, etc. ATP-mediated P2X7R pathways can play important roles in inflammatory diseases. This paper reviewed the basic concepts, discovery history, main sources and physiological and pathological functions of related molecules involved in P2X7R, and the role of ATP-P2X7R signaling pathway in inflammatory diseases of digestive system, respiratory system, nervous system and immune system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Exploration and practice of online and offline mixed teaching of epidemiology based on SPOC mode  LI Jing, ZHU Ji-min, YANG Jie, WANG Ting-ting, LU Ting-ting 2022, 20 (1):  57-60.  Abstract ( 958 )   PDF (982KB) ( 837 )   Epidemiology is a basic discipline in preventive medicine, which possesses strong theoretical and practical nature. In current stage in prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic, how to improve the practical ability of students in their competency in disease prevention and control services represents an urgent problem in the teaching reform of epidemiology course. Integrated online and offline instruction based on small private online course(SPOC) is a newly emerged teaching mode, and widely and tentatively applied to class teaching in many higher learning institutions. This paper aims at discussing the necessity of implementing mixed teaching for epidemiology, the process of instruction by SPOC mode and reflections in the teaching based on the property of epidemiology course and teaching status, with an attempt to provide reference for the teaching reform of epidemiology. Related Articles | Metrics