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10 June 2014, Volume 12 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Study on spatial distribution of advanced schistosomiasis in Chizhou City based on geographic information system Gong Liubing1, Zou Wuqing1, Xie Weiping2, Fong Xiaoming3, Wu Mingyao4, Wang Zhongming5, Li Shizhu6, Gao Fenghua7* 2014, 12 (2):  63-66.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.02.001 Abstract ( 2760 )   Objective To understand the prevalence situation and spatial autocorrelation features of advanced schistosomiasis in Chizhou． Methods The data of advanced schistosomiasis in Chizhou were obtained from the National Surveillance System of Parasite Diseases in 2013. The geographic database of advanced schistosomiasis at the township level and the case database were set up. Statistical analyses were performed to describe the epidemiological features (distribution by age, gender, occupation, and type) of advanced schistosomiasis. The global clustering method( Moran's I) and local clustering methods including local Moran's I and Getis-Ord Gi indices were applied to analyze the spatial distribution of advanced schistosomiasis on Arcgis 10.2. Results A total of 1 855 cases (51.3% were male, 47.7% were female) were reported in Chizhou in 2013. The age ranged between l2 and 93 years old, and 76.0% were over 55 years old. 86.6% of the cases were farmers, 48.4% were illiteracy and 35.6% received primary education. 83.9% of the cases were ascitic type, and 61.0% were first diagnosed as advanced schistosomiasis in 2000- 2009. The global Moran's I of prevalence rate of advanced schistosomiasis was 0.2156 (P<0.05) and there was spatial auto- correlation as a whole．The local Moran's I index and Getis-Ord Gi statistics both found 5 townships, where were located in Dongzhi county, showed High- High positive spatial association with statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusions The majority of patients with advance schistosomiasis were middle-aged and elderly farmers and most of the patients were ascitic type in Chizhou．A positive spatial correlation of advanced schistosomiasis was found, and 5 clustering townships were identified in Dongzhi County. The findings provided clues useful for disease surveillance and control in Chizhou. Related Articles | Metrics

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In- vivo efficacy of three artesiminin derivatives against schistosomulum of praziquantel- resistant Schistosoma japonicum Lu Ping, Wang Wei*, Qu Guoli, Dai Jianrong, Liang Yousheng. 2014, 12 (2):  67-69,72.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.02.002 Abstract ( 2932 )   Objective To evaluate the in- vivo efficacy of three artemisinin derivatives artemether,artesunate and dihydroartemisinin against schistosomulum of praziquantel- resistant Schistosoma japonicum,.Methods The S. japonicum subjected to subcurative dose of praziquantel for 11 rounds was served as a praziquantel- resistant strain, while the field- derived strain without exposure to praziquantel was served as a praziquantel-susceptible strain. The mice infected with the two strains of cercaria were treated with artemether,artesunate and dihydroartemisinin at a single dose of 300 mg/kg by gavage in days 7 and 8 post- infection, respectively. All mice were dissected 45 days post-infection, and the adult worms were collected to estimate worm and female worm burden reductions caused by drug treatment. Results Administration of artemether, artesunate and dihydroartemisinin at a single dose of 300 mg/kg given on days 7 and 8 post-infection achieved total worm burden reductions of 69.8%-71.0% and female worm burden reductions of 75.4%-79.8% in mice infected with praziquantel- susceptible strain, whereas the same treatments reduced total worm burdens of 64.6%-66.1% and female worm burdens of 69.3%-71.1% in mice infected with praziquantel-resistant strain. There were no significant differences between the two strains. Conclusion Praziquantel-resistant S. japonicum remains sensitive to the three major artemisinin derivatives artemether, artesunate and dihydroartemisinin, and no cross-resistance is observed between praziquantel and artemisinin in S. japonicum. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the trend of Oncomelania hupensis status in Yangtze River valley from 1992 to 2012, Anhui Province Zhang Cheng1, Sun Chengsong1*, Liang Ling2, He Jiachang1, Wang Qizhi1, Wang Fengfeng1, Yin Xiaomei1, Zhang Shiqing1, Wang Tianping1 2014, 12 (2):  70-72.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.02.003 Abstract ( 2593 )   Objective To understand the trend of Oncomelania hupensis status in Yangtze River valley, Anhui Province, and provide basis for snail control. Methods The data of snail condition in the Yangtze River valley from 1992 to 2012 in Anhui province, including the density of living snails and infected snails, infected rate of snails was collected. The change trend and influence factors were analyzed. Results The density of living snails in hilly areas was generally higher than that in marshland, and 3 peaks appeared in 1993, 1996 and 2001. From 1992 to 2008 the density of living snails in the beach along the Yangtze River was higher than that in islets, and conversed after 1998. The density of living snails appeared 2 peaks in 1996 and 1998 in the beach and 1 peak appeared in 2003 in islets. The density of infected snails and the infected rate of snails in islets were higher than that in beaches and hilly areas. The density of infected snails and the infected rate of snails appeared 1 peak in islets in 2004 and 2 peaks in hilly areas in 1993 and 1997. Conclusion The situation of snails in the Yangtze River valley was related to natural and social circumstance, so we should strengthen both snail control and infectious source control. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis for Serum Cysticercus IgG Antibody from 1226 Cases with Different Types of Cerebral Cysticercosis Li Qincui1, Huang Minghao1, Duan Xiaoyun1, Yang Yanan1, Li Wenxian1, Cui Yuhua1, Yang Liqun1,Yang Yimei2. 2014, 12 (2):  73-74,80.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.02.004 Abstract ( 2782 )   Objective To observe the clinical value for diagnosing Cerebral Cysticercosis by detecting serum cysticercus IgG antibody. Methods The cysticercus IgG antibody in serum of 1226 clinically diagnosed Cerebral Cysticercosis cases was detected and analyzed. Results Of 1226 Cerebral Cysticercosis cases, the cysticercus IgG antibody of 689 cases was positive and the positive rate was 54.4%. Of 685 acute cases and 476 chronic cases, the number of positive cases was 436 (63.7%) and 173 (36.3%), respectively. The two positiverates had significant difference (χ2=84.0, P<0.01). Of 520 acute cases with single lesions and 165 cases with multiple lesions, the number of positive cases was 295 (56.7%) and 141 (85.5%), respectively. The two positive rates had significant difference (χ2=44.7, P<0.01). Of 385 chronic cases with single lesions and 91 cases with multiple lesions, the number of positive cases was 126 (32.7%) and 47 (51.7%), respectively. The two positive rates had significant difference (χ2=11.5, P<0.01). Of 98 cases with acute and chronic lesions and 7 cases with diffuse lesions, the number of positive cases was 73 (74.5%) and 7 (100%), respectively. Conclusion The cysticercus IgG antibody positive rate of the acute Cerebral Cysticercosis cases is higher than that of the chronic cases. The positive rate of the cases with multiple lesions is higher than that of the cases with single lesions. Related Articles | Metrics

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A clinical analysis of 48 cases of community-acquired pulmonary mycosis Feng Mengjie, Wang Linwei,Shi Fei, Qiu Chen. 2014, 12 (2):  75-77,105.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.02.005 Abstract ( 2532 )   Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of community- acquircd pulmonary mycosis. Methods A total of 48 cases of pulmonary mycosis diagnosed at Shenzhen People's Hospotal from 2003 to 2013 were retrospectively analyzed． Results The patients were consisted of 34 males and 14 females，with median age of 42.94 ± 13.52 (18 to 75 ) years，41.67% of whom had no underlying diseases．Among those patients，22.92% were asymptomatic，and 77.08% had respiratory and (or) constitutional symptoms symptoms．The common symptoms were cough / expectoration, hemoptysis，fever, chest pain, and dyspnea on exertion. The common computed tomography (CT) scan patterns were nodule and mass，either solitary or multiple(72.92% )，infiltration and（or）consolidation(50% )。transbronchoscopic lung biopsy, CT guided lung puncture/biopsy , thoracoscopic wedge resection and thoracoscopy- assisted mini- lobectomy are effective and valuable techniques for evaluating undetermined pulmonary lesions. definite diagnosis is based on Morphological observation and fungal culture. Conclusion community- acquired pulmonary mycosisis is more prevalent in middle-aged male patients. The symptoms are mild，and the imagine patterns are multiple. Repeated multiple biopsies are essential to confirm the diagnosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes and clinical significance of platelet parameter in patients with different types of schistosomiasis Wang Xiaohong,Ye Haima,Wang Yuye. 2014, 12 (2):  78-80.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.02.006 Abstract ( 2876 )   Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of Platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and platelet hematocrit (PCT) in patients with different types of schistosomiasis. Methods PLT, MPV, PDW and PCT of 68 patients with chronic schistosomiasis (CS), 76 cases with advanced schistosomiasis (AS, involved 52 cases of splenomegaly type and 24 cases of ascites type) and 78 cases of healthy people were detected by automatic hematology analyzer and reagents. Results The PLT and PCT of CS and AS groups were significantly lower than the healthy people (P<0.01). With the progress of the disease, the degree of liver fibrosis deepened and even hepatocirrhosis occurred in AS group and their MPV and PDW were significantly higher than the healthy people (P<0.01). Conclusion It can provide a preliminary evaluation of the patients’condition with schistosomiasis, especially advanced schistosomiasis, and guide the clinical treatment and determine the prognosis of patients by detecting various parameter values of platelet. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of blood coagulation function in patients with cirrhosis due to advanced schistosomiasis Niu Changsheng,Yu Yonghui . 2014, 12 (2):  81-82.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.02.007 Abstract ( 3108 )   Objective To detect the indexes of blood coagulation in patients with advanced schistosomiasis (AS) compared with chronic schistosomiasis (CS), probe its coagulation mechanism, monitor the bleeding tendency timely and provide basis for clinical treatment. Methods Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) of 37 patients with AS and 80 with CS were detected by Rayto RT- 2204C coagulation analyzer. Results PT, APTT and TT of patients with AS were obvious higher than patients with CS（P<0.01）.Conclusion The blood coagulation function of patients with AS is obvious abnormal. Detecting the indexes of blood coagulation is significant to monitoring the bleeding tendency and instructing the clinical medication for patients with AS. Related Articles | Metrics

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The effect observation on 312 cases with advanced schistosomiasis ascites treated by Linzhishutong Wang Youbin1, Xu Zhaogang1, He Zhengwen1, Cao Chunli2 2014, 12 (2):  83-84,119.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.02.008 Abstract ( 2865 )   Objective To evaluate the effect of Linzhishutong on the patients with advanced schistosomiasis ascites. Methods 312 advanced schistosomiasis ascites patients were randomly divided into trial group and control group, and each group with 156 cases. The patients in trial group were treated with chinese medicine Linzhishutong, and the patients in control group were treated with Antisterone and Furosemide injection. After treatment, the situations of ascites degrade and relapses were observed. Results Fou the 312 cases, the male was 236 and female was 76, the age range was from 8 to 79 years old, and the average age was 55.28. After treatment, the rate of general effective in trial group and control group was 93.59%（146/156）and 74.36%（116/156）,respectively. There was significant differences（χ2=21.435, P<0.05）between the two groups. The ascites degrade time in the trial group was less than that in the control group. The ascites relapse rate in the trial group was 27.52%(30/109)，and 66.29%(59/89) in the control group, and also there was significant differences（χ2= 29.760, P<0.05）between the two groups. The side-effect rate in the trial group and control group was 7.05% (11/156) and 94.86% (148/156), respectively, with significant differences（χ2=240.717, P<0.05）between the two groups. Conclusions Linzhishutong is an optional chinese medicine for the clinical treatment to advanced schistosomiasis ascites. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of two methods of rearing Oncomelania hupensis Zhang Cong, Li Bo, Huang Xibao. 2014, 12 (2):  85-86.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.02.009 Abstract ( 3412 )   Objective To Compare two kinds of artificial method of rearing snails and establish the best method in laboratory. Methods Snails were fed in two kinds of container, the mud bowl and enamel plate padded with straw paper, under the same temperature, humidity, and illumination conditions. The mortality of snails was observed. Results The cumulative mortality of snails fed in mud bowl and enamel plate padded with straw paper was 19.08% and 30.08%, respectively. The monthly average mortality was 9.75% and 14.28%, respectively. There was statistical differences between the two kinds of method (P<0.01). Conclusion Snails fed in mud bowl could improve survival rate, but this method need further improvement for its complicated operation and much labor when mass rearing. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of clinical diagnosis and therapy for 68 cases of dengue fever Liang Shaoqun, Wu Xingliu,Zhao Mingcong, Ding Peipei, Wu Heming. 2014, 12 (2):  87-88,91.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.02.010 Abstract ( 2802 )   Objective To analyze the clinical features for dengue fever, and provide reference for the diagnosis and therapy. Methods The clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, therapeutic schedule and treatment effectiveness were analyzed by retrospective investigation on the 68 patients hospitalized for treatment from 2013 August to 2013 November. Results The clinical manifestation were fever, rash, muscle and joints pain, decrease of white blood cell. The cases were given support therapy and comprehensive treatment. 67 cases were cure and 1 patient died of severe dengue fever presented with persistent high fever and massive hemorrhage of digestive tract. Conclusion We should pay attention to the diagnosis of dengue fever for the patients with persistent fever, rash, muscle and joints pain, decrease of white blood cell, and so on. The patient with positive antibody of dengue fever could help to make a definite diagnosis. The prognosis was good by supporting therapy to prevent complications. Related Articles | Metrics

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The detective effect on the eggs of soil- transmitted nematodes by Kato- Katz technique in the single smear Zhou Li, Jin Wei*, Guo Jianduo, Zhu Lei, Luo Junping, Li Qiyang. 2014, 12 (2):  89-91.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.02.011 Abstract ( 3135 )   Objective To analyze on the eggs of soil-transmitted nematodes by Kato-Katz technique in the single smear, and explore the interrelation between the detection rate of singe slide of Kato-Katz and the density of eggs in the stool samples. Methods The stool samples of the residents above three years old at Mengcheng County in Anhui were collected, and Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworms with modified Kato- Katz thick smear were examined once a year from September to November, 2006 to 2010. The number of eggs per slide was used to describe the density of eggs in the stool samples. The probability of the eggs appeared in the three smears was analyzed and compared. Results There was no statistical significance difference on the occurrence rate of eggs among the three slides. The occurrence rate of eggs was 52.26% in a single smear when the EPS less than 2, and 99.26% when the EPS was more than 16.Conclusion The occurrence rate of eggs in a singe slide was associated with EPS by Kato-Katz technique. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on Acaroid mites breeding in the stored grains in Dalian areas Pei Li1, Sun Lili2, Li Chaopin3*. 2014, 12 (2):  92-93.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.02.012 Abstract ( 2710 )   Objective To investigate the breeding status of acaroid mites in the stored grains in Dalian areas, Liaoning province. Methods The acaroid mites were isolated from different stored grains and identified by microscopy directly or by electric separation method. Results Twelve species of mites were identified from 5 categories of grains. These mites belong to 4 families and 10 genera, including Acarus siro, Acarus farris, Tyrophagus Putrescentiae, Tyrolichus casei, Caloglyphus berlesei, Rhizoglyphus callae, Suidasia nesbitti, Lardoglyphus konoi, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Lepidoglyphus michaeli, Austroglycyphagus geniculatus and Dermatophagoides farinae. Conclusion We should pay more attention to the acaroid mites that breeding in the stored grains seriously in Dalian areas. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the endemic situation of schistosomiasis from 2006 to 2012 in Dangtu County, Anhui Province Wu Ping. 2014, 12 (2):  94-95,100.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.02.013 Abstract ( 2726 )   Objective To analyze endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Dangtu county , Anhui Province from 2006 to 2012, and provide basis for schistosomiasis control strategy. Methods Annual reports of the prevalence of schistosomiasis and snail condition were collected from 2006 to 2012 in Dangtu County. Results The positive rate of blood test , acute schistosomiasis cases, the infection rate of cattle decreased year by year, and cattle herds reduced dramatically, the area of snail distribution only decreased slightly. The density of living snails and infected snails, and the infection rate of snails also decreased year by year. Conclusions The endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Dangtu County had been controlled effectively by carrying out comprehensive control measures with emphasis on infectious source control. The snail areas was stabile in the years, which suggested that comprehensive measures for snail control should be strengthened and the effect of snail control should be improved. Related Articles | Metrics

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A Meta-analysis of clinical randomized controlled trial on ceftriaxone (rocephin) versus spectinomycin for uncomplicated gonorrhea An Qi, Zou Lian*. 2014, 12 (2):  96-100.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.02.014 Abstract ( 3071 )   Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rocephin versus rpectinomycin for uncomplicated gonorrhea by Meta- analysis . Methods The studies involving randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on ceftriaxone (rocephin) versus spectinomycin for uncomplicated gonorrhea were collected from the database, such as the Cochrane Library, Pubmed, CBMdisc, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang. After the necessary methodological quality evaluation of the selected studies, assessment of publication bias and sensitivity analysis, the statistic analysis was conducted by the software RevMan5.2. Results Six eligible reports were identified in this study, including accumulative total 789 cases. The Meta-analysis results showed rocephin in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea had higher effectiveness and recovery than the spectinomycin group（P<0.05）,which could increase the cure rate [OR1.18; 95%CI(1.06,3.34)，P<0.05] and the total effective rate [OR3.96; 95%CI(1.29,12.18), P<0.05]，but there were no significant difference among bacterial eradication rate and incidence of adverse reactions. Conclusion The ceftriaxone (rocephin) showed definite curative effect in the treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea. Related Articles | Metrics

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The influence of dexmedetomidine in the hemodynamic and analepsia quality of elderly patients with combined general anesthesia for total hip replacement Hao Dan. 2014, 12 (2):  101-103,124.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.02.015 Abstract ( 2445 )   Objective To study the influence of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in the hemodynamic and analepsia quality of elderly patients with combined general anesthesia for total hip replacement, and to provide theoretical basis for its application in clinic. Methods From May, 2006 to May, 2013, 60 ASA I- II elderly patients undergoing total hip replacement with combined general anesthesia were randomly divided into the DEX treatment group and control group. The patients in the DEX treatment group were pumped with 0.3 μg· kg-1· h-1 DEX. The patients in the control group were pumped with 0.9% NaCl. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), heart rate (HR) and cerebral state index (CSI) of patients in various group before administration (T0), at the beginning of pump delivery (T1), at 10 min after pmp delivery (T2), at the beginning of skin incision (T3), at 30 min after skin incision (T4), at extubation (T5), 30 min after extubation (T6) were recorded. The wake-up time, extubation time and Observer’s Assesment of Alterness/sedation scores (OAA/S) at 30 min after operation. Results Compared with the control group, at T5, T6, the SBP, DBP and HR in the treatment group were descended significantly, there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, The CSI at T2 to T6 in the the DEX treatment group were descended significantly, there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the wake-up time, extubation time in the DEX treatment group were reduced significantly, and there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the OAA/S of patients in the DEX treatment group increased significantly, and there was statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Conclusion The DEX treatment could stablize the hemodynamics indexes of elderly patients with general anesthesia during extubation, shorten the time of analepsia and extubation, and sustain OAA/S. Related Articles | Metrics