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    10 March 2014, Volume 12 Issue 1 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    Effects of niclosamide and EDTA on the activity of phenoloxidase from Oncomelania hupensis in different ages
    Xu Huiyang,Sun Yuhua,Yang Jinsun,Wang Wenjie, Yu Yanlin
    2014, 12 (1):  1-2,9.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.01.001
    Abstract ( 2709 )  

    To investigate the effects of niclosamide and EDTA on the activity of phenoloxidase(PO) from Oncomelania hupensis in different ages. Methods The soft tissues from Oncomelania hupensis in different ages, such as adult snails, young snails and the eggs of snails, were homogenated and centrifugated to obtain crude enzyme liquid, then purified by salt precipitation, dialysis and gel filtration to obtain PO. The activity of PO was detected with catechol as the substrate in the condition of different concentrations of niclosamide and EDTA. Results The activity of PO from Oncomelania hupensis in different ages was decreasing with the concentration elevating of niclosamide and EDTA. Conclusion Both niclosamide and EDTA have inhibition effect on the activity of POfrom Oncomelania hupensis in different ages.

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    Optimization of DNA shuffling in major allergens Der f2 and Der f3 from Dermatophagoides farina
    Liu Zhiming, Jiang Yuxin, Li Chaopin
    2014, 12 (1):  3-6.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.01.002
    Abstract ( 2488 )  

    Objective To explore optimized recombinant conditions of major allergens Der f2 and Derf3 genes from Dermatophagoides farinae under DNA shuffling technology, and obtain fused mutation genes.Methods Der f2 and Der f3 genes were amplified by RT-PCR and digested using Dnase I for 10, 15, 20, 25,30 min, respectively. The digested fragments of Der f2 and Der f3 genes at the same time point were mixed and amplified using non-primer and different primers by DNA shuffling technology, and then recombinant mutants were detected using electrophoresis. Results The target fragments were appeared using primer pairs of Der f1 F, Der f1 R and Der f2 F, Der f2 R, respectively in the templates digested 10min, 15min, 20min,25min; and the same results were also shown using primer pairs of Der f2 F and Der f3 R in the templates digested 10min, 15min and 30min. Conclusion Multiple recombinant mutants of Der f2 and Der f3 were obtained using various optimized conditions, it was laid the foundation for preparation of efficient and lowcost asthma therapeutic vaccine in large scale.

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    Clinical and pathological characteristics of gastrointestinal tumors related to schistosomiasis japonica
    Xu Xiuliang, Yang Jianghua, Chao Yan.
    2014, 12 (1):  7-9.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.01.003
    Abstract ( 2783 )  

    Objective To under the correlation between chronic intestinal infection of schistosomiasis and intestinal tumor genesis. Methods The pathological data of chronic schistosomiasis cases complicated with gastrointestinal cancer in People's Hospital of Chizhou City from January 2005 to March 2013 were collected
    and retrospectively analyzed, and the disease incidence and characteristics were analyzed. Results The incidence rate of chronic schistosomiasis cases complicated with gastrointestinal cancer was 25.8%(88/340),and 22.6%(77/340)was carcinoma, 0.58% (2/340) was mild atypical hyperplasia, 1.47% (5/340) was moderate dysplasia, and 1.17% (4/340) was severe atypical hyperplasia. Conclusions The chronic intestinal infection of schistosomiasis is associated with gastrointestinal tumor genesis and may be precancerous lesions.

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    The impact of development in the ecological economic zone of Dongting Lake on transmission of schistosomiasis
    Li Shengming, Ren Guanghui, He Hongbin, Li Yuan, Liu Zongquan, Ding Liang, XiaMeng, Dong Rulan, Li Yuesheng
    2014, 12 (1):  10-14,55.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.01.004
    Abstract ( 2815 )  

    Objective To understand the impact of development in the ecological economic zone of Dongting Lake on transmission of schistosomiasis, and provide basis for making out the constraction program.Methods Qualitative methods through focus group discussion, questionnaire and policy analysis were used for the administrators and experts in local facilities. Literature analysis and mathematical statistics were used to review the history and current epidemic situation on schistosomiasis control. Results Currently, the Dongting Lake area has reached the national criteria on infection control of schistosomiasis. The next 10 years,
    schistosomiasis will hinder the development of ecological economic Zone in Dongting Lake because of inadequate funding, uncompleted institutional reform. The implementation of water project, agriculture project, forestry project, health project, tourism project, transportation project and other projects will have an
    impact on the prevalence of schistosomiasis, and consolidate the achivement of schistosomiasis control. Conclusions Schistosomiasis control in Dongting Lake area can not be ignored. It was suggested that we should strengthen the government's responsibility, increase funding for schisomiasis control, deepen institutional restructuring, and accelerate the application of the achivements in scientific research.

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    Evaluation on regular diagnostic methods for clonorchiasis
    Zhang Xiaoli, Chen Xiaobei, Zhu Jiwei,Shu Jing, Han Su.
    2014, 12 (1):  15-17.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.01.005
    Abstract ( 3043 )  

    Objective To evaluate the effect on the diagnosis of clonorchiasis by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) as a supplementary method. Methods From 2009 to 2010, the patients with suspected clonorchiasis visited to institute of parasitology, Haerbin medical university were determined with the method of ELISA and Kato- katz. Statistic method of Bayesian was used to calculate the sensitivity and specificity. Results The total of 2 359 patients with suspected clonorchiasis were determined. The antibodypositive rate determined by ELISA was 40.44% (954/2 359), and the egg-positive rate found by examination of feces was 21.75% (513/2 359). The positive rate of ELISA was significantly higher than that of Kato-katz(P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ELISA were 98.7%,76.53%, 54.66% and 99.52%, respectively. The agreement between the two methods was 0.564. Conclusion The combination of ELISA and Kato-katz could improve the diagnostic accuracy of clonorchiasis.

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    Preliminary exploration on the clinic features of atypical Clonorchis sinensis
    Zou Yang, Wang Fei, Wang Lei, Li Xiaoli, Qi Zhiqun, Lie Shaogang, Feng Manling.
    2014, 12 (1):  18-20,23.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.01.006
    Abstract ( 2615 )  

    Objective To analyze the clinical, imaging and laboratory features for the atypical Clonorchis sinensis, and reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of Clonorchis sinensis. Methods Four atypical Clonorchis sinensis cases were analyzed on the epidemiological history, clinical manifestations and laboratory examination, serological and pathogenic detection, and the effect of treatment was evaluated. The clinical and laboratory features for the atypical Clonorchis sinensis were summarized. Results Patients from non-endemic regions with higher level of eosinophilia and lgE should be considered the possibility of parasitic infection. The clinical manifestations reflected in imaging as patchy low density occupying changes in the early stage, which indicated the pathological injury of hepatocyte necrosis, should be excluded the possibility of Clonorchis sinensis infection. The serological and pathogenic diagnosis of Clonorchis sinensis should be perfected, and it could be necessary for the patients with trial anthelmintic treatment. Conclusion The differential diagnosis of Clonorchis sinensis should
    be strengthened for the patients from non-endemic regions with higher level of eosinophilia and patchy low density occupying changes in liver by imaging. It was necessary to detect Clonorchis sinensis eggs in feces even if in the trial anthelmintic treatment process, and the rate of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis of Clonorchis sinensis could be reduced.

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    The effect of the volatile oil of Manchurian Wildginger on the killing of Demodex in vitro
    Liu Jixin,Li Chaopin,Sun Yanhon, Sun Yan, Liu Boyang, Liu Xiucai, Guo Jia, Zhang Hao
    2014, 12 (1):  21-23.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.01.007
    Abstract ( 3049 )  

    Objective To observe the effect of the volatile oil of Manchurian Wildginger on the killing of demodex in vitro. Methods The volatile oil of Manchurian Wildginger and its diluents of 1∶2, 1∶4, 1∶8, 1∶16 and 1∶32 proportion were used to kill demodex in vitro, and the saline was used as control group. The mites were collected with adhesive cellophane tape technique. The killing effect on demodex with the different con⁃centrations volatile oils was observed under microscope. Results The pure volatile oil had high effect in killing D.f and D.b in vitro, and the killing effect to the D.f was better with statistical significance (t=9.172,P<0.05).However, the killing effect showed declining obviously with the increasing of dilutes multiple. Conclusion The pure volatile oil of Manchurian Wildginger has favorable effect on the killing of demodex in vitro.

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    Freshwater snails and crabs infected with Paragonimus in northern suburban of Guangzhou
    Zhao Taiping, Lu Yuyun, Shen Haoxian, Long Xiaoshan, Wei Guifen, Luo Jianliu.
    2014, 12 (1):  24-25,28.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.01.008
    Abstract ( 2650 )  

    Objective To investigate the species of freshwater snails, crabs and their natural infection of Paragonimus cercaria, metacercariae in northern suburban of Guangzhou, and understand the distribution of Paragonimus. Methods The freshwater snails and crabs were collected from mountain streams to detect the
    cercaria and metacercariae of Paragonimus and their identify categories. Results The average infection rate of cercaria in Liangkou town, Lvtian town (Conghua city) and Nankunshan (Longmen county) was 0.32% , 0.15% and 0.03%, respectively. The snail species in both Liangkou town and Nankunshan was identified as
    Semisulcospira libertina, Tricula in Lvtian town. The average infection rate of metacercariae in Liangkou town, Lvtian town and Nankunshan was 100%, 36.73% and 100%, respectively. The crab species in both Liangkou town and Nankunshan were identified as Sinopotamon pinheense, and Nanhaipotomon pinyuanense in Lvtian town. The cercaria and metacercariae were not found in the samples of freshwater snails and crabs in Zengcheng city and Xinfeng County. Conclusions It,s the first report that Liangkou town and Lvtian town of Conghua city in northern suburban of Guangzhou is the ultra-high infectious focus of Paragonimus westermani infection(GradeⅠ), and Nankunshan town is the moderate infectious focus of Paragonimus skrjabini. (Grade Ⅲ).

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    Analysis of epidemiological characteristics on 95 rabies cases in Chengdu City
    Yue Yong, Du Xunbo,Xi Chuan, Han Delin
    2014, 12 (1):  26-28.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.01.009
    Abstract ( 4137 )  

    Objective To analyze epidemiological characteristics on rabies cases in Chengdu City, and explore influencing factors to provide basis for adjusting comprehensive prevention strategies. Methods The epidemiological characteristics on the 95 rabies cases occurred from 2005 to 2012 was analyzed to indicate epidemic status in Chengdu. Results The rabies cases were mainly focused on rural areas (90/95, 94.74%), male (68/95, 71.58%) and people over 30(61/95, 64.21%) years old. As for the exposure condition, domestic animals and wandering animals independently accounted for nearly half. The proportion of the exposure people who didn't adopt any measures reached up to 44.21%. The vaccination rate of rabies vaccine was about 10.53% . Conclusion Rural was the main area for rabies prevention in Chengdu. The management of wandering animals was the key point for infectious sources control and elimination. Mass health education in rural areas should be strengthened and propaganda should highlight wound specification disposal and use of immune agents after dog hurt exposure.

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    Analysis of endemic situation and influence factors of schistosomiasis in Wuhu City
    Chen Yong, CaoZhiguo, Bao Jianguo, Zhang Rong, Ji Hong, Gao Lan.
    2014, 12 (1):  29-32.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.01.010
    Abstract ( 3167 )  

    Objective To understand endemic situation and influence factors of schistosomiasis in Wuhu City in 2012, and provide basis for making out schistosomiasis control measures. Methods The epidemiological data of schistosomiasis in Wuhu in 2012 were collected and analyzed with the descriptive epidemiology method. Results By the end of 2012,there were 4 141 cases of schistosomiasis in Wuhu City,of which 361 were advanced cases(11 cases were newly found in 2012),and no acute cases were found. About 39 747.77 hm2 of areas with Oncomelania hupensis were found in 2012,including 36 843.06 hm2 in marshland region(92.69%)and 2 904.70 hm2 in hilly region(7.31%. A total of 3 709 cattle were raised in schistosomiasis transmission regions,the infection rate of cattle was 0.12% in 2012, with a reduction rate of 63.64% compared to that in 2011(0.33%). Conclusions The endemic situation of schistosomiasis still remained on a certain level in the severe endemic areas of Wuhu City. There were a lot of domestic animals which might contaminate to Oncomelania hupensis environment, it is suggested that comprehensive strategies with emphasis on infectious source control should be promoted strongly

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    Risk assessment on the achivement of schistosomiasis interruption in the district of Ma'anshan City
    Zhan Ti, Wang Weichun, Lou Jinhai, Zhu Yingfu
    2014, 12 (1):  33-35.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.01.011
    Abstract ( 2961 )  

    Objective To analyze the situation of schistosomiasis in recent years, and assess the risk of he achievment of schistosomiasis interruption in the district of Ma'anshan City in 2015. Methods From 009 to 2013, the prevalence of people and livestock was monitored by the combination of the immunological nd etiological methods. The snails were surveyed by systematic and environmental sampling methods. eanwhile, schistosomiasis control measures were carried out through human and livestock chemotherapy and nail control. Results From 2009 to 2013, 2 060 people were treated and received expanded chemotherapy. 0 622 people were screened by IHA with the average positive rate of 3.75%, which wandered in the steady tate. 1 526 people were examined by Kato-Katz with no positive. 279 livestock were expanded treated, 231 ere tested witj no positive in the 5 years. The area of snail control by molluscicides was 611.3 hm2, and nvironmental modification was implemented in an area of 10.7 hm2. The snail distribution was surveyed in an rea of 3 152 hm2, and no infected snail was found. The density of living snails decreased from 0.205/0.11m2 n 2009 to 0.007 5/0.11m2 in 2013, and the snail area in 2013 declined 44.1% than that in 2009. Conclusion The endemic situation of schistosomiasis in the district of Ma'anshan city declined gradually since 2009. No patient, no infected livestock and no infected snails were found in the 5 years. The density of snails and the area of living snails decreased year by year, and the gap to achieve the goal of schistosomiasis interruption was
    gradually narrowing. At present, the main obstacle was the large area of snails in the district.

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    Evaluation on molluscicidal effect of 5% Metaeldehyde powder in laboratory
    Jin Wei, Ma Yan, Guo Jianduo, Zhu Lei, Chen Xuefeng.
    2014, 12 (1):  36-38.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.01.012
    Abstract ( 2940 )  

    Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of 5% Metaeldehyde powder in laboratory.Methods The molluscicidal effect of 5% Metaeldehyde powder was evaluated by spray method in laboratory, and the wettable powder of 50% niclosamile ethanolamine salt(WPN)and fresh water were set as control groups, respectively. Results The LC50 in 24h and 48h was1.92g/m2 and 0.48g/m2, respectively. The death rate of snail was more than 97% in the fifth day. Conclusion The molluscicidal effect of 5% Metaeldehyde powder in laboratory has reached the standard of the National Ministry of Agriture.

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    The clinical diagnosis and treatment of nineteen cerebral schistosomiasis cases
    Sun Yu.
    2014, 12 (1):  39-40,封四.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.01.013
    Abstract ( 2954 )  

    Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral schistosomiasis. Methods The clincal data for the 19 cerebral schistosomiasis cases hospitalized at the specialized hospital of schistosomiasis from 2006 to 2009 were collected and analyzed. Results Of the 19 cases, 18 patients were chonic cerebral schistosomiasis, 1 patient was acute cerebral schistosomiasis. All patients were received medical treatment, and 8 patients were cured, 5 patients were clinical cured and 6 patients turned better. Conclusion The clinical manifestation of cerebral schistomoiasis was mostly chronic cases, and praziquantel had better effect
    on the medical treatment of cerebral schistomoiasis.

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    Application of simulated epidemic situation tabletop drill on health emergency in Wuhu City
    Wang Fei, Cheng Zhouxiang, Qian Bangqun
    2014, 12 (1):  41-43,57.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.01.014
    Abstract ( 2648 )  

    Objective To analyze the application of simulated epidemic situation tabletop drill on health emergency in 2012 in Wuhu city, and find out the weak links and gaps on health emergency disposal in the counties of Wuhu city, and explore the patterns and methods of emergency drill. Methods The disposal process of an outbreak epidemic situation was simulated, and multiple links were designed to evaluate simulated tabletop drill. The technique operation was also included in the assessment. All the results were judged by experts. Results The drill included tabletop deduction and technique operation, the average score of all the 8 teams was 80.34.The average scoring rate of tabletop deduction and technique operating was 78.13 percent and 91.12 percent, respectively. The highest average scoring rate in the process of tabletop deduction was“case- control study”. There was statistically difference in other links except“sample collection and testing”compared to“case-control study”. There were some differences among the different links and teams. The highest CV of average scoring rate was between 9.68 and 19.92. Conclusion The problem appeared in the drill, such as the weak links and the gaps among the teams, revealed that the targeted train on emergency technique should be enhanced. The tabletop drill and actual combat drill could be used to assess the capability of health emergency if the scheme and content were designed reasonably.

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    Longitudinal analysis on the effect of infected snails control in hilly endemic regions, Shitai County, Anhui Province
    Hu Xuewen, Xu Yixiang, Chen Hongsheng, Cheng Shengjun
    2014, 12 (1):  44-46,49.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.01.015
    Abstract ( 2919 )  

    Objective To observe the effect of infected snails control in hilly endemic regions, and provide basis for making out effective measures for infected snails control and elimination. Methods The snail survey data from 2005 to 2011 in Dayan township, Shitai county, were collected. The spots of infected snails were located by GPS, and the distribution of infected snails was drawn. The snail control measures were formulated yearly according to the situation of infected snails. Results The spots of infected snails reduced from 11 villages in 2005 to 1 village in 2011 in Dayan township, the areas with infected snails and the density of infected snails also decreased yearly. One village had not been found infected snails for 7 consecutive years, two villages for 6 consecutive years, one village for 5 consecutive years, two villages for 4 consecutive years, and one village had not been found infected snails for 2 consecutive years. Conclusion It should be emphasized on the quality of snail survey and control in the environment without infected snails, and infectious sources control should be implemented thoroughly. As for the complicated snail breeding sites,environment modification could be considered to change snail breeding environment.

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    Effect of reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the detection of several kinds of important metal elemens in food
    Yang Linfei, Hu Zhuo, Fang Ying, Zhong Yan, Hu Yingchun, Zhang Jianhua.
    2014, 12 (1):  47-49.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.01.016
    Abstract ( 2530 )  

    Objective To verify the effect of reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method for the detection of several kinds of metal elements in food. Methods 2-2 Lhiazole azo, 5-two amino phenol were used as pre column derivative reagent, methanol (conLaining0.30% phosphoric acid ) and pH4.6 phosphoric acid-sodium phosphate buffer solution were used as the mobile phase gradient elution, Waters Nova-Pak-18 liquid chromatography column was used as stationary phase. UV diode array detector and reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method were used to separate and detect the iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and manganese in food. Results According to the letter S / N = 4, the detection limit of the metal ions of iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc and manganese was 4.0 μg/ L, 5.0μg/ L, 4.8μg/ L, 3.0μg/ L, 4.8μg/ L, 6.0μg/ L, respectively. The relative standard deviation was 2.0% ~3.8% ,standard recovery rate was 95%-108%. Conclusion The method can be used to detect the trace of iron,cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, manganese in food with satisfactory results.

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    Expression and clinical significance of mTOR signaling pathway- associated proteins in pancreatic cancer
    Zhao Youcai, Li Li, Huang Yue, Wang Jinsong, Yang Xiaobing, Tian Zhidan, Zhao Jianhua, Huang Wenbin
    2014, 12 (1):  50-52.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.01.017
    Abstract ( 2365 )  

    Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of mTOR signaling pathway- associated proteins in pancreatic cancer. Methods The phosphorylation levels of the mTOR signaling pathway-associated proteins, including Akt, mTOR and P70S6K, were detected and compared by the immunohistochemical technique in tissues of pancreatic cancer and non- pancreatic cancer. The correlations among the phosphorylation levels of the mTOR signaling pathway-associated proteins and the patients’age, gender, tumor size, histological grading, lymph node metastasis and tumor stage were evaluated
    by Spearman correlation analysis. Results The positive staining of p-Akt and p-mTOR protein was mainly present in the cytoplasm, while p-P70S6K was in the cell nucleus. The expression of p-mTOR, p-Akt and p-P70S6K were significantly higher in pancreatic cancer tissues than those in non-pancreatic cancer tissues (all
    P values < 0.01). Spearman correlation analysis revealed the expression of p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-P70S6K had no associations with the patients’age, gender, tumor size and histological grading (all P values > 0.05), while it correlated with lymph node metastasis and tumor staging (both P values <0.05). Conclusion mTOR
    signaling pathway correlateed with the development and progression of pancreatic cancer; however, the phosphorylation levels of the mTOR signaling pathway- associated proteins had little significance in theclinical classification and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.

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    Efficacy of endoscopic endonasal transphenoidal microsurgical treatment for Rathke’s cleft cysts
    Wang Bin, Wang Wenhua, Han Zhiqiang, Hou Lijun.
    2014, 12 (1):  53-55.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2014.01.018
    Abstract ( 3299 )  

    Objective To assess the efficacy of endoscopic endonasal transphenoidal microsurgery for the treatment of Rathke’s cleft cysts. Methods A total of 12 cases with pathological diagnosis of Rathke’s cleft cysts who underwent endoscopic endonasal transphenoidal microsurgical treatment were retrospectively analyzed, and the origin, pathogenesis, diagnosis, surgical therapy and prognosis of Rathke’s cleft cysts were investigated by literature review. Results A total of 12 cases with Rathke’s cleft cysts were classified into three types based on anatomy, space-occupying in the sellar region (4 cases), space-occupying in the sellar and suprasellar region (7 cases) and space- occupying in the suprasellar region (1 case). Headache was the predominant pre-surgical symptom (9/12, 75%), and all had improvements in the headache symptoms after surgery. Five cases (41.67% ) had severe reduced vision initially, which improved after surgery. Pituitary
    disorders were improved in four cases (33.33% ) following surgery. All cases had no permanent pituitary disorders. One case had post- surgical cerebrospinal leakage, which improved following skull base reconstruction and lumbar cistern drainage. Of the two cases with recurrent Rathke’s cleft cyst, one underwent
    surgical therapy again, and the other rejected the surgery. Conclusion Endoscopic endonasal transphenoidal microsurgical therapy is safe and effective for the treatment of Rathke’s cleft cysts, with few post-surgical
    complications seen.

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