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20 October 2023, Volume 21 Issue 5 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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SPECIAL ARTICLES ON PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF MOSQUITO-BORNE INFECTIOUS DISEASES

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Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Hunan Province, 2017-2022 LIU Ziyan, DAI Zhihui, ZHAN Zhifei, YANG Hao, SUN Qianlai, WANG Juan, BU Zheni, HE Fangling, CHEN Shengbao, LIU Rongjiao, LIN Huijun, LUO Kaiwei 2023, 21 (5):  245-249.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.001 Abstract ( 457 )   HTML ( 55 )   PDF (1155KB) ( 567 )   Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Hunan Province for scientific basis in prevention and control of this infection. Methods The surveillance data of dengue fever cases in Hunan Province were collected through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System from 2017 to 2022. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the time, population, and geographical distribution characteristics of dengue fever epidemic in Hunan Province, and the differences between imported and local cases were analyzed and compared as well. Results Accumulative 943 cases of dengue infection were reported in Hunan Province from 2017 to 2022. Of the reported cases, 514 were imported (54.51%), 429 were local infections (45.49%), and 1 death occurred. The peak incidence was in August to November (n=746, 79.11%), and the infection was spread in 108 counties (cities, districts) under the 14 cities (prefectures). The male-to-female ratio of imported cases was 2.70:1, which was higher than the local case ratio of 1.01:1. The median age of the imported cases was 39 (30, 50) years, and the imported infection was most seen in patients aged 20 to 49 years (n=341, 66.34%). The farmers, personnel in commercial services and workers were most affected (n=365, 71.01%). The median age of local cases was 46 (33, 55) years, and the infection was most seen in patients aged 30-69 years (n=309, 72.03%). The occupations were associated with farmers, retired personnel, students, housework and the unemployed (n=307, 71.56%). The median time from onset to diagnosis for imported cases was 5 (2, 7) days, which was longer than the 4 (2, 6) days for local infections. The difference was significant (Z=-8.776, P<0.05). The imported cases were chiefly from southeast Asian countries such as Cambodia, Myanmar and Thailand, while the domestic infection was from Guangdong, Yunnan and Guangxi provinces. Conclusion The dengue fever epidemic in Hunan Province is obviously characterized by importation and seasonality. The findings suggest that disease control institutions at all levels should conduct timely risk assessments of the transmission and take effective measures to reduce mosquito vector density during the epidemic season so as to prevent epidemics and outbreaks. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemic situation of dengue fever in Yunnan Province from 2020 to 2022 WEI Chun, GUO Xiaolian, YANG Rui, ZHAO Xiaotao, WU Chao, YANG Zhaolan, YIN Xiaoxiong, ZHOU Hongning 2023, 21 (5):  250-253.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.002 Abstract ( 441 )   HTML ( 28 )   PDF (900KB) ( 703 )   Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Yunnan Province during the epidemic of COVID-19 for reference to optimize the prevention and control measures for this infection. Methods The case data on dengue fever reported in Yunnan Province from 2020 to 2022 were retrieved through the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distribution of dengue fever by the region, time and population as well as the epidemiological characteristics of domestic and foreign infection sources in Yunnan Province. Results In total, 845 cases of dengue fever were reported Yunnan Province from 2020 to 2022, including 29 foreign imported cases (3.43%) and 816 local infections (96.57%). Local infections primarily occurred in Dehong Prefecture (98.53%, 804/816), and the imported cases were generally from the southeast Asian countries (89.66%, 26/29). In terms of time distribution, the peak period of local infection occurred from September to November (91.30%, 745/816), whereas the imported cases were seen in each month throughout the year. Males were dominant in the reported cases (55.62%, 470/845), with a gender ratio of 1:0.80 and age range between 20 and 59 years old (81.07%, 685/845). The infections were most seen in personnel in commercial services (34.79%, 294/845). Two outbreaks, both occurring in Ruili City, were reported, which involved 785 local cases. The first outbreak occurred in 2020, and lasted for 126 days, with 245 cases reported. The second occurred in 2022, lasted for 85 days with 540 cases reported. Conclusion During the COVID-19 epidemic, the total number of dengue fever cases and local outbreaks in Yunnan Province dropped significantly, yet the risks of dengue fever prevalence still exist. In following work, we should continue to strengthen the health education in the key areas and the joint prevention and control of the infection with neighboring countries/regions, we should enhance the monitoring over the personnel from foreign countries and comprehensive control against the dengue vector, and timely implement the initial prevention and control measures and case treatment to prevent spread of the epidemic. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Gansu Province from 2016 to 2022 YANG Guobing, HE Aiwei, YANG Chengming, ZHANG Xiaojuan, FENG Yu, LI Fan 2023, 21 (5):  254-257.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.003 Abstract ( 302 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF (1363KB) ( 360 )   Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Gansu Province, so as to provide reference for consolidating the gains in malaria elimination and formulating the prevention and control strategies for imported malaria. Methods Malaria epidemiological data and individual case reported in Gansu Province from 2016 to 2022 were collected through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze statistical indicators, such as source of infection, infected species, monthly distribution, population distribution, regional distribution and diagnosis timeliness. Results Ninety-seven imported cases of malaria were reported in Gansu Province from 2016 to 2022, including 2 cases of relapses (1 in 2017 and 1 in 2022) and 1 death in 2017. There were 67 cases of Plasmodium falciparum infection (69.07%), 18 P. vivax infection (18.56%), 11 P. ovale infection (11.34%) and 1 mixed-infection (1.03%, caused by P. falciparum and P. malariae infection). The main source of imported cases was associated with African countries (80 cases, 82.47%) and Asian countries (10 cases, 10.31%). There are monthly case reports, with the highest number of reported cases occurring in January (13 cases), August (13 cases) and September (12 cases), which accounted for 39.18% of the totally reported cases. The average age of the reported cases was (36.7±10.1) years, and age group with the highest number of cases was 21-50 years old, accounting for 89.69% (87/97) of the total reported cases. The occupation was primarily involved in returned workers (82 cases, 84.54%). The region with the most reported cases was Chengguan District, Lanzhou City (30 cases, 30.93%). By current residence, the most reported cases were from Jinchuan District of Jinchang City (8 cases, 8.25%). The median between onset and diagnosis was 4.4 (2.4,7.5) days. Fifteen cases (15.46%) were treated on the day of onset, and 22 cases (22.68%) were treated within 1-2 days. Thirty-four cases (35.05%) underwent treatment within 3-7 days, and another 26 cases (26.80%) were treated more than 7 days after onset. Conclusion The malaria cases reported in Gansu Province from 2016 to 2022 were imported from overseas, mostly from Africa, and the predominant species was Plasmodium falciparum. Our findings suggest that in the post elimination stage of malaria, Gansu Province should strengthen monitoring of imported malaria, improve diagnostic capabilities, and consolidate the achievements of malaria elimination. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Shenzhen from 2013 to 2022 WAN Jia, LIN Liangqiang, YANG Fan, LI Yuan, NIU Cong, GAO Shitong, ZHANG Zhen, KONG Dongfeng 2023, 21 (5):  258-262.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.004 Abstract ( 346 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF (2434KB) ( 464 )   Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Shenzhen area from 2013 to 2022 for evidences in prevention and control of this infection. Methods The data of dengue cases reported in Shenzhen area from 2013 to 2022 were retrieved from the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the characteristics of spatial, time and population distribution, infection places, the time from disease onset to definite diagnosis, outbreak status, and results of pathogen and mosquito vector monitoring. Results From 2013 to 2022, 1 388 dengue cases were reported in Shenzhen, the annual incidence was 4.45/100 000. Among them, there are 650 local cases, 533 foreign imported cases, and 205 imported cases domestically. The most reported cases were in 2014 (454 cases) and 2019 (523 cases), and the most reported months were from August to November (1 112 cases, 80.12%). The infection occurred in 10 administrative districts, accounting for 90.54% of the total community regions in the city. The median age at disease onset was 34 (27, 45) years, and the epidemic mainly occurred in population aged 20-59 years (1 238 cases, 89.19%). Male to female ratio was 1.80:1. The top three occupation was workers, housework and unemployed, business services (958 cases, 69.02%). The foreign imported cases were primarily from southeast Asian countries (528 cases, 99.06%), while the domestic imported cases were generally from Pearl River Delta areas (151 cases, 73.66%). The median interval from onset to diagnosis was 5 (3,7) days. Twenty local outbreaks were reported, ten outbreaks occurred in local construction sites, and 9 events occurred in October. Although multiple serotypes were prevalent, yet DENV-1 was predominant in both imported and local infections (83.31%, 597/713). The positive rate of serum dengue virus IgG antibody in healthy individuals was 1.98%, and there was no statistically significant difference in the positive rates among different years (χ2=3.01，P>0.05). The active period of Aedes albopictus was from May to November. Conclusion The epidemic situation of dengue fever in Shenzhen remains very serious, and the number of cases has been increasing compared with the previous ten years. The local infection was mainly caused by imported cases, which suggests that it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and identify the imported cases so as to timely control the epidemic. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria in Fuzhou from 2012 to 2021 LIU Biduan, LIAO Qiangbing, CHEN Minhong 2023, 21 (5):  263-266,272.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.005 Abstract ( 305 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF (2133KB) ( 332 )   Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of imported malaria cases in Fuzhou, so as to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures. Methods The data on malaria, together with the case investigation data, were collected from the Infectious Diseases Surveillance System and the Parasitic Disease Prevention and Control Information Management System under the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System reported in Fuzhou area from 2012 to 2021, and then analyzed regarding the prevalence situation, distribution in time, region and population, diagnosis of the infection at the medical institution and the time to confirm the diagnosis. Results A total of 627 overseas imported malaria cases and 2 cases imported from another province were reported in Fuzhou from 2012 to 2021. Plasmodium falciparum malaria was predominant, accounting for (n=463 cases, 73.61%), followed by Plasmodium vivax malaria (n=103 cases, 16.38%). Five hundred and fifty-six were males, and 73 females, with a male to female ratio of 7.62:1. The median age was 39 (30, 46) years, and the infection was most seen in patients aged 40-49 years (32.59%, 205/629). The imported cases occurred every month, yet were most reported in January (n=80 cases). The source of import was mainly from African countries, accounting for 89.79% (563/627), as primarily involved in Nigeria (n=80 cases), Cameroon (n=68 cases) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (n=62 cases). The median time interval between onset and diagnosis was 3.00 (1.00, 6.00) days, and there was no statistical difference in the time interval between onset and diagnosis among years (χ2=14.047, P=0.121). The first visit at the medical institution for the reported cases mainly occurred at municipal medical institutions, which accounted for 58.03% (365/629) of the total. 73.93% (465/629) of the cases were diagnosed as malaria upon first visit, and 31.00% (195/629) of cases in re-diagnosis were inconsistent with the original diagnosis. Conclusion The population returned from the key areas in foreign countries should be strictly screened and provided with education on malaria prevention and control. In addition, the diagnosis and treatment level at grassroots medical institutions should be strengthened in order to reduce the risks of local transmission caused by imported malaria. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the clinical characteristics of the first dengue outbreak in Mengding Town in the border of China-Myanmar SHEN Jiayuan, LI Chunmin, DENG Wei, TANG Yonglin, ZHANG Guocheng, YANG Zhongping, YANG Mingdong 2023, 21 (5):  267-272.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.006 Abstract ( 327 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF (964KB) ( 1246 )   Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment of the first outbreak of dengue in Mengding Town, Gengma County of Yunnan Province, located between the border of China and Myanmar, for reference for clinical treatment of this infection. Methods The case data were obtained from 174 patients admitted to and treated in the hospitals in Mengding Town of Gengma County in 2015, and retrospectively analyzed concerning the epidemiological characteristics, clinical symptoms, findings of laboratory tests and treatment outcomes of the infections. Results The 174 patients were all from Mengding Town of Gengma County, and respectively admitted to and treated in the Central Clinic of Mengding Town and Mengkang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. The infection occurred in between July and November. Ninety-nine (56.90%) were males, and 75 (43.10%) were females. The infection was most seen in patients aged between 18 and 35 years, accounting for 41.38% (72/174). Ethnic distribution and occupation were dominated by Han nationality (84.48%, 147/174) and farmers (68.97%, 120/174), respectively. The major clinical symptoms were associated with fever (93.10%, 162/174)，aching muscles (70.69%, 123/174), chilly (63.22%, 110/174), fatigue (49.43%, 86/174) and headache (48.28%, 84/174). Laboratory studies indicated decreased white blood cell count in 89 patients (51.15%), platelet reduction in 121 (69.54%), elevated level of ALT, AST, LDH, α-HBDH, creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and blood uric acid was seen in 23 (13.22%), 70 (40.23%), 132 (75.86%), 80 (45.98%), 26 (14.94%), 38 (21.84%), 8 (4.60%), 27 (15.52%) and 22 patients (12.64%), respectively. Hypocalcemia was observed in 95 patients (54.60%). Both urine protein positive and urine occult blood positive occurred in 10 patients (5.75%). The mean hospital stay was (6.74±2.52) days, and the length of hospital stay was involved in the degree of fever and medication regimen. Conclusion The main symptoms of patients infected with dengue fever are associated with fever, aching muscles, chill, fatigue and headache. Typical skin rash may occur in some patients. Laboratory tests commonly reveal abnormal blood count as well as electrolyte and myocardial enzyme spectrum of liver and kidney function. Prevention of dengue fever epidemic is involved in enhanced early diagnosis and treatment, continuous improvement in and strengthened construction of the monitoring system for this infection. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

CONTROL STUDIES

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Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of severe and fatal cases of influenza in Chongqing from 2017 to 2020 XIONG Yu, QI Li, LI Qin, LI Baisong, WANG Ju 2023, 21 (5):  273-277,286.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.007 Abstract ( 286 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (2067KB) ( 548 )   Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of severe, critical and fatal cases of influenza in Chongqing Municipality for evidences for prevention and control of severe influenza. Methods The data of severe, critical and fatal cases of influenza reported in Chongqing Municipality were retrieved from 2017 to 2020 via the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and analyzed using descriptive epidemiology pertinent to the distribution of time, region and population as well as the past medical history of the patients and clinical manifestations of the infection. Results A total of 164 severe, critical and fatal cases of influenza were reported from 2017 to 2020 in Chongqing Municipality. The infection was most seen from December to March of the following year. Influenza A virus was the dominant virus (n=157 cases, 95.73%). By population distribution, 111 were males and 53 females. The infection most occurred in patients aged 60-69 years (n=34 cases, 20.73%), and farmers (n=56 cases, 34.15%). The 164 cases were distributed in 19 counties/districts, and the most reported was in Yuzhong District (n=101 cases), Dianjiang County (n=11 cases) and Nan'an District (n=6 cases). 58.54% (96/164) of the 164 cases had previous medical history. The main clinical manifestations were cough (n=159 cases), abnormal breath sounds (n=134 cases) and fever (n=129 cases). The most common complication was pneumonia (n=134 cases, 81.71%). Conclusion The high incidence of severe influenza and death in Chongqing generally occurs winter and spring seasons, with influenza A virus being the major pathogen. The severe infection is relatively higher in elderly and males. The findings suggest that the influenza vaccination rate should be increased, and attention should be paid to the progression of the disease among the high-risk groups. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the surveillance results of suspected adverse events following immunization in Tongling City from 2017 to 2021 YE Rongrong, WANG Zhaofang, WANG Jinfeng 2023, 21 (5):  278-281,300.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.008 Abstract ( 277 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (2766KB) ( 394 )   Objective To analyze the distribution of suspected adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in Tongling City, evaluate the progress of AEFI surveillance, and provide evidence for safe implementation of immunization. Methods Case data of AEFI reported in Tongling City from 2017 to 2021 were collected through the National Immunization Planning Information Management System under the China Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the incidence of AEFI, the time and population characteristics of AEFI cases, and the occurrence of AEFI in different vaccines. Results A total of 1 711 172 doses of vaccine were administered in the population living in Tongling City from 2017 to 2021, with 937 cases of AEFI reported. The average annual reported incidence was 54.76 per 100 000 doses. Of the AEFIs, 810 cases (86.45%) were associated with general reactions, 125 (13.34%) with abnormal reactions, and 2 (0.21%) with coincidental events. AEFI cases were primarily reported in between March and August (n=708, 75.56%). The number of male and female cases reported was 492 and 445, respectively, with a gender ratio of 1.11:1. AEFI cases were most seen in infants aged under 2 years (n=696, 74.28%). The vaccines with the highest reporting rates were live attenuated influenza vaccine (nasal spray) (250.94/100 000 doses), DTap-Hib tetanus vaccine (219.22/100 000 doses), and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (170.16/100 000 doses). 75.35% of AEFIs occurred within 24 hours after vaccination, and all cases improved or recovered. Conclusion The safety of vaccines in Tongling City was generally good, yet infants under 2 years old were the key population of AEFI cases. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the prevention of mother-to-child in pregnant women infected HIV in Wuhu City from 2011 to 2020 WU Weilin, WANG Run 2023, 21 (5):  282-286.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.009 Abstract ( 257 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (900KB) ( 575 )   Objective To analyze the situation of HIV infection and blocking mother-to-child transmission in pregnant and postpartum women in Wuhu City for scientific evidences to perfect the prevention measures for HIV infection. Methods The relevant data of pregnant women infected with HIV and their children in Wuhu City were retrieved from 2011 to 2020 through the management information system for the prevention of mother to child transmission of AIDS, syphilis and hepatitis B, and then analyzed regarding the HIV related detection, demographic distribution characteristics, and prevention of mother-infant transmission. Results In total, 50 women were detected to be positive for HIV from 2011 to 2020 in Wuhu area. The average positive detection rate was 16.59/100 000. The average age of pregnant women with positive HIV findings was (29.54 ± 5.99) years. The educational background was primarily associated with junior high school (n=25, 50.00%), and the occupation was involved in housewife and unemployment (n=32, 64.00%). The main route of infection was from sexual transmission (n=28, 56.00%). Twenty-seven women (54.00%) chose to continue pregnancy with informed consent, and 21 (42.00%) terminated pregnancy. Spontaneous abortion occurred in 1 case, and another 1 lost the follow-up (2.00% respectively). Among the 27 pregnant women who continued to conceive, 17 cases (62.96%) received CD4+T lymphocyte testing, 6 cases (22.22%) received virus load testing, and 25 (92.59%) were treated with antiviral drugs. Twenty-seven infants were delivered and survived in the 27 women persisting their pregnancy. Twenty-six infants (96.30%) received antiviral drugs and 24 (88.89%) were excluded from HIV infection by detection at 18th month. Infection was uncertain in one infant, and another 2 were lost to follow. Conclusion From 2011 to 2020, the HIV testing rate and antiviral drug use rate in the pregnant women and children in Wuhu City have all met the require indicators specified in the national project. In following efforts, it is necessary to further improve the testing rate for CD4+T lymphocyte and viral load in the HIV infected pregnant women, and focus on prenatal testing and management of the pregnant women in the floating population. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

CONTROL ADMINISTRATIONS

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Evaluation of the reporting quality of notifiable infectious disease in medical institutions in Jilin Province from 2018 to 2021 ZHU Hong, XU Changxi, PAN Yang, ZHAO Qinglong 2023, 21 (5):  287-290.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.010 Abstract ( 259 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (876KB) ( 304 )   Objective To understand the quality of statutorily notifiable infectious disease information reported directly via network in medical institutions at all levels in Jilin Province for evidences to improve the quality of infectious disease information reporting across the province. Methods By multi-stage stratified random sampling, we retrieved the reports of notifiable communicable diseases from different levels of medical institutions in Jilin Province from 2018 to 2021, and applied the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) to comprehensively evaluating the quality of the reports. Results A total of 134 medical institutions, including 5 institutions at provincial level, 32 at prefecture level, 47 at county level and 50 at township level in Jilin Province underwent survey from 2018 to 2021. The reporting and timely reporting rate of notifiable infectious diseases were 96.89% and 99.75%, respectively. The completion rate of infectious diseases reported by hard copy (electronic) and the accuracy rate of the hard copy were respectively 99.82% and 95.93%. The consistency rate of information in network reporting was 93.47%, and the completion rate of valid documentation numbers in the hard copy was 99.79%. Comprehensive evaluation results by TOPSIS method showed that the comprehensive quality of infectious disease reporting in medical institutions at all levels was ranked from high to low as provincial, township, prefecture, and county-level. Conclusion The quality of statutorily notifiable infectious disease information reported directly via network in medical institutions in Jilin Province was generally good, yet certain issues, such as delayed and inaccurate reporting, still exist, which suggests that the reporting quality should be further polished in the medical institutions. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment and discussion on the standardized training programs for biosafety risk assessment of parasitic pathogenic laboratory XIONG Yanhong, CAO Jianping, ZHENG Bin 2023, 21 (5):  291-294.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.011 Abstract ( 293 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (859KB) ( 544 )   With the promulgation and implementation of the Biosafety Law of the People's Republic of China, biosafety management of the pathogenic microbiology laboratories has been ranked to an unprecedented level. Practice of standardized training for biosafety can effectively improve the awareness and operational skills of the staff towards the biosafety in laboratory settings, and prevent the occurrence of biosafety accidents. In order to understand the needs and keys to biosafety training in the laboratory associated with parasitic pathogens, we adhere to the necessity to carry out training on the biosafety risk assessment in parasite pathogenic laboratories on the basis of questionnaires, interviews and other investigations, and preliminarily created a standardized training program for evaluation of the biosafety risks in pathogenic microbiology laboratories. The training profile includes training purposes, intended audiences, training contents, methods of training and evaluation on the training effects, which can provide reference for conducting standardized training on the biosafety risk assessment in laboratories associated with parasitic pathogens. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

REVIEW

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Research progress on the resistance of Aedes aegypti in Lancang-Mekong River Basin LU Na, ZHOU Youhua, DING Chunli, ZHENG Yuting, ZHOU Hongning 2023, 21 (5):  295-300.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.012 Abstract ( 250 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF (920KB) ( 393 )   Aedes aegypti mosquito, occurring in Africa and prevailing tropical and subtropical regions, represents a key vector responsible for transmitting various arbovirus associated diseases, including dengue fever, Zika virus disease, chikungunya fever, and yellow fever. In recent years, resistance of Aedes aegypti mosquito to the insecticides has been added with the extensive use of this agent to control the density of Aedes aegypti in Lancang-Mekong River Basin. This paper reviewed the research advances in Aedes aegypti resistance against pyrethroid, organophosphate, carbamate and organochlorine in those countries, with an attempt to provide reference for effective control of this mosquito species. References | Related Articles | Metrics

TEACHING EXPLORATION

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Exploration of practice teaching reform in fostering applied talents in public health services ZOU Weihao, PENG Hongjuan, YANG Xingfen 2023, 21 (5):  301-304.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2023.05.013 Abstract ( 271 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF (979KB) ( 333 )   The Outline of the "Healthy China 2030" Plan proposes that China's health undertakings should shift from treatment-centered to people's health-centered, and the importance of public health is becoming increasingly prominent. At present, the urgent task of public health education is to cultivate applied talents. However, certain deficiencies still exist in the practice teaching of the curriculum of public health that serves an important part of talent fostering, including insufficient construction of first-class practice teaching curriculums, imperfect dual-qualification training system for the instructors in practice teaching, weakened ideological and political education in the process of practice teaching, and simplification of evaluation methods for the practice teaching effect. In this regard, the Southern Medical University has launched a reform in the practice teaching curriculum in the undergraduates majoring in preventive medicine through constructing a diversified practical teaching system, establishing exchange mechanisms among teachers, strengthening the ideological and political education in the practice base, and establishing a multi-dimensional evaluation system for the practice teaching evaluation system, with an attempt to boost the post competency of the learners and provide a useful reference for cultivating the talents who meet the needs of social development and public health services. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics