关键词: 法定传染病, 流行病学特征, 新型冠状病毒感染疫情, 吉林省

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the reported incidence of notifiable diseases in Jilin Province before and after the epidemic of COVID-19 for references to scientifically planning the monitoring, early warning, prevention and control of the infectious diseases. Methods The data on notifiable diseases reported in Jilin Province from 2017 to 2023 were retrieved from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the reported incidence of these notifiable diseases. Additionally, a comparative analysis was conducted to examine the incidence rates for the periods of 2017-2019, 2020-2022, and 2023. Results The reported incidence rate of notifiable diseases in Jilin Province from 2017 to 2023 ranged from 101.23/100 000 to 464.02/100 000, with an annual average reported incidence rate being 215.55/100 000. The overall trend showed a decrease followed by an increase, with the lowest reported incidence rate in 2020 and the highest in 2023. Before March 2022, the monthly reported incidence rates were generally stable. However, in March 2022, there was a rapid increase from 10.06/100 000 to a peak of 145.81/100 000, followed by a quick drop to 6.98/100 000 in May. In 2023, the monthly reported incidence rate remained at a high level throughout the year. The reported incidence rates of respiratory and intestinal infectious diseases were significantly influenced by the weighed COVID-19 prevention and control. From 2020 to 2022, the annual average reported incidence rates of respiratory infectious diseases (excluding COVID-19 cases) and intestinal infectious diseases was decreased by 43.45% and 71.76%, respectively, compared to the corresponding period from 2017 to 2019. In 2023, these rates were increased by 263.44% and 397.42%, respectively, compared to those in 2020-2022, and by 105.54% and 40.47%, respectively, compared to those in 2017-2019. The reported incidence rates of blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases, as well as naturally occurring zoonotic diseases, remained generally stable. Among the 13 key preventable and controllable notifiable diseases, including influenza, pertussis, measles, etc., the reported incidence rate of pertussis had generally shown an upward trend, whereas the annual average reported incidence rates of the remaining 12 diseases from 2020 to 2022 tended to decrease to varying degrees compared to the incidences reported from 2017 to 2019. Conclusion The weighed prevention and control for COVID-19 epidemic had produced impact on the incidence of other notifiable diseases, especially on respiratory infectious diseases and intestinal infectious diseases.

Key words: Notifiable diseases, Epidemiology characteristics, COVID-19 pandemic, Jilin Province