热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2025, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 149-154.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.03.004

• 病毒性肝炎防控专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

2008—2024年宁夏回族自治区病毒性肝炎发病趋势分析

王秀琴(), 杨琪, 王雪敏, 张文霞, 马莹, 马金宇, 董军强, 赵立华()   

  1. 宁夏回族自治区疾病预防控制中心,宁夏银川 750004
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-21 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-08-08
  • 通信作者: 赵立华,E-mail: nxcdczlh@163.com
  • 作者简介:王秀琴,女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:传染病防控与应急处置。E-mail: wangxiuqin163@163.com

Trend analysis of viral hepatitis incidence in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2008 to 2024

WANG Xiuqin(), YANG Qi, WANG Xuemin, ZHANG Wenxia, MA Ying, MA Jinyu, DONG Junqiang, ZHAO Lihua()   

  1. Ningxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2025-05-21 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-08-08
  • Contact: ZHAO Lihua, E-mail: nxcdczlh@163.com

摘要:

目的 分析宁夏回族自治区病毒性肝炎流行趋势,为优化防控策略提供依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统获取宁夏发病时间为2008—2024年的病毒性肝炎病例资料,采用描述流行病学方法和JoinPoint回归模型分析发病率变化趋势。结果 2008—2024年,宁夏累计报告病毒性肝炎病例82 180例,年均报告发病率为72.19/10万;各型病毒性肝炎构成以乙肝为主(66 438例,占80.84%)。甲肝和乙肝发病率总体呈下降趋势(AAPC=-18.56%、-11.24%,t=-4.83、-13.22,P均<0.05);丙肝发病率2008—2011年上升较快(APC=26.24%,t=3.29,P<0.05),2011—2019年上升速度放缓(APC=5.25%,t=3.89,P<0.05),2019—2024年出现较快下降(APC=-23.26%,t=-9.08,P<0.05);戊肝发病率未检出趋势性变化。男性、女性病毒性肝炎累计报告病例数分别为49 779例(占60.57%)和32 401例(占39.43%),年均发病率分别为85.71/10万和58.11/10万;各型病毒性肝炎的发病率,男性均高于女性。发病人群主要集中于20~49岁年龄段(47 607例,占57.93%),发病率总体随年龄增长而升高。报告病例职业以农民为主(42 821例,占52.11%),农民在各型病毒性肝炎中占比均为最高。地区分布上,银川市的报告病例数最多(25 226例),吴忠市的年均报告发病率最高(84.62/10万)。结论 宁夏的病毒性肝炎发病率总体呈下降趋势,中老年男性及农民是重点人群。未来防控应重点加强农村中老年人群筛查治疗,降低人群的疾病负担和发病率。

关键词: 病毒性肝炎, 流行病学特征, 发病趋势, JoinPoint回归分析, 宁夏回族自治区

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological trends of viral hepatitis in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region for evidences to optimize the prevention and control strategies. Methods The data on viral hepatitis cases reported in Ningxia area between 2008 and 2024 were retrieved from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiology and JoinPoint regression model were used to analyze the trend of the incidence. Results From 2008 to 2024, a total of 82 180 viral hepatitis cases were reported in Ningxia area, with an annual average incidence rate of 72.19 per 100 000 population. Hepatitis B predominated among all types of viral hepatitis (n=66 438; 80.84%), and the incidence of hepatitis A and hepatitis B showed overall declining trends (AAPC=-18.56% and -11.24%, t =-4.83 and -13.22, both P<0.05). The incidence of hepatitis C was increased from 2008 to 2011 (APC=26.24%, t=3.29, P<0.05), yet showed slower growth from 2011 to 2019 (APC=5.25%, t=3.89, P<0.05), and declined rapidly from 2019 to 2024 (APC=-23.26%, t=-9.08, P<0.05). The trend of hepatitis E incidence indicated no significant change. The cumulative reported cases were 49 779 (60.57%) in males and 32 401 (39.43%) in females, with an annual average incidence rate of 85.71 per 100 000 and 58.11 per 100 000 population, respectively. The incidence of all types of viral hepatitis was higher in males than in females, and population aged 20-49 years were most affected (n=47 607; 57.93%). The incidence was generally increased with age. By occupation distribution, farmers accounted for the majority of reported cases (n=42 821; 52.11%), representing the highest proportion in all types of viral hepatitis. By regional distribution, the reported cases were the highest in Yinchuan City (n=25 226), and the annual average incidence rate was the highest in Wuzhong City (84.62 per 100 000). Conclusion The incidence rate of viral hepatitis in Ningxia area showed an overall declining trend, with middle-aged and elderly males and farmers being the key populations. Future prevention and control efforts should focus on strengthening screening and treatment of the middle-aged and elderly rural populations to reduce disease burden and incidence rates.

Key words: Viral Hepatitis, Epidemiological characteristics, Incidence trend, Joinpoint regression, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

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