热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2025, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 155-159.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.03.005

• 病毒性肝炎防控专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

新生儿乙型肝炎母婴阻断免疫效果影响因素的病例对照研究

高文燕1(), 黄勋1, 陈杨伟1, 王清华1, 黄永翰1, 朱瑜2, 郑巧珍3, 林澍4, 张银川5, 于述航6, 李晓燕7, 贾海梅1()   

  1. 1.福建医科大学附属福州市疾病预防控制中心(福州市卫生健康监督所)福建福州 350004
    2.福州市台江区疾病预防控制中心
    3.福州市晋安区疾病预防控制中心
    4.福州市长乐区疾病预防控制中心
    5.福州市闽清县疾病预防控制中心(闽清县卫生健康监督所)
    6.福州市罗源县疾病预防控制中心
    7.福州市福清市疾病预防控制中心(福清市卫生健康监督所)
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-25 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-08-08
  • 通信作者: 贾海梅,E-mail: haimei1103@126.com
  • 作者简介:高文燕,女,硕士在读,研究方向:流行病与卫生统计。E-mail: 1347263093@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    福建省自然科学基金项目(2022J01519);中国乙肝防控科研基金项目(YGFK20220004)

A Case-control study on the factors influencing the immunization efficacy of hepatitis B mother-to-child transmission interruption

GAO Wenyan1(), HUANG Xun1, CHEN Yangwei1, WANG Qinghua1, HUANG Yonghan1, ZHU Yu2, ZHENG Qiaozhen3, LIN Shu4, ZHANG Yinchuan5, YU Shuhang6, LI Xiaoyan7, JIA Haimei1()   

  1. 1. The Affiliated Fuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Fujian Medical University (Fuzhou Health Supervision Institute), Fuzhou 350004, Fujian Province, China
    2. Taijiang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
    3. Jin’an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
    4. Changle District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
    5. Minqing County Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Minqing County Health Supervision Institute)
    6. Luoyuan County Center for Disease Control and Prevention
    7. Fuqing City Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Fuqing City Health Supervision Institute)
  • Received:2025-04-25 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-08-08
  • Contact: JIA Haimei, E-mail: haimei1103@126.com

摘要:

目的 分析影响新生儿乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus, HBV)母婴阻断免疫效果的因素,为完善新生儿HBV感染母婴阻断措施提供参考依据。方法 对2023年8月—2024年10月在福州市完成了乙型肝炎疫苗全程免疫程序并采取了乙肝母婴阻断措施、母亲为乙肝表面抗原(hepatitis B virus surface antigen, HBsAg)阳性的新生儿开展研究,病例组为乙肝免疫后无应答的新生儿,对照组为免疫后产生应答的新生儿,多因素logistic回归分析影响阻断免疫效果的因素。结果 共调查1 256对HBsAg阳性母亲及其新生儿,病例组419对,对照组837对。母亲年龄≥36岁(OR=0.54,95% CI:0.32~0.92),母亲孕期接受抗病毒治疗(OR=0.58,95% CI:0.41~0.82)的新生儿发生乙肝疫苗免疫无应答的风险更低;而家属中有乙肝患者或HBsAg携带者(OR=1.44,95% CI:1.09~1.92)、卡介苗与乙肝疫苗接种部位相同(OR=1.48,95% CI:1.12~1.95)的新生儿发生乙肝疫苗免疫无应答的风险更高。结论 福州市新生儿乙肝母婴阻断免疫效果受母亲年龄、孕期抗病毒治疗、家属中是否有乙肝患者或HBsAg携带者、接种部位等因素影响。建议加强产前筛查和抗病毒治疗,开展精准化健康教育和免疫管理,对免疫无应答的儿童及时进行再免疫。

关键词: 乙型肝炎, 新生儿, 母婴阻断, 免疫无应答

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the factors influencing the immune efficacy of hepatitis B virus (HBV) during mother-to-child blockade in newborns for evidence to improve the measures in interrupting HBV transmission from mother to an infant. Methods We conducted a study on the newborns in Fuzhou City, who had completed full HBV vaccination schedule to interrupt the transmission from August 2023 to October 2024, and the mothers’ hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) was positive. The case group comprised newborns with failure of immune response after vaccination, and the control group were infants with immune response after vaccination. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze factors affecting the immune efficacy. Results A total of 1 256 HBsAg-positive mother and their newborn were investigated (419 cases, 837 controls). The newborns who were born to mothers aged≥36 years (OR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.32-0.92) or received antiviral therapy during pregnancy (OR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.41-0.82) had a lower risk of immune response failure following HBV vaccination, whereas the incidence of immunological unresponsiveness was higher in the newborns with family members with HBV or HBsAg carriers (OR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.09-1.92) or if the Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine and HBV vaccine were administered at the same site (OR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.12-1.95). Conclusion The immune efficacy of HBV mother-to-child blockade in newborns in Fuzhou City is influenced by maternal age, status of maternal antiviral therapy during pregnancy, presence of HBV patients or HBsAg carriers in the family, and vaccination site, for which strengthening prenatal screening and antiviral therapy, implementation of targeted health education and immunization management, and timely revaccination of the vaccine non-responder children are recommended.

Key words: Hepatitis B, Newborns, Mother-to-child transmission blockade, Vaccine non-responder

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