热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2025, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (3): 144-148.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.03.003

• 病毒性肝炎防控专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

2012—2024年安徽省急性乙型肝炎流行特征及疫苗接种情况分析

苏颖(), 王斌冰, 柴瑜, 董燕, 王军平, 张宁, 宋菲扬   

  1. 安徽省疾病预防控制中心免疫规划所,安徽合肥 230601
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-25 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-08-08
  • 作者简介:苏颖,女,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:疫苗可预防疾病控制。E-mail: 905708124@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国肝炎防治基金会中国乙肝防控科研基金(YGFK20220078)

Epidemiological characteristics and vaccination of acute hepatitis B in Anhui Province from 2012 to 2024

SU Ying(), WANG Binbing, CHAI Yu, DONG Yan, WANG Junping, ZHANG Ning, SONG Feiyang   

  1. Department of Immunization Program, Anhui Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hefei 230601, Anhui Province, China
  • Received:2025-03-25 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-08-08

摘要:

目的 了解安徽省急性乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)发病的流行特征及疫苗接种情况,为乙肝防控提供依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2012—2024年安徽省急性乙肝病例资料,国家免疫规划信息系统收集乙肝疫苗报告接种率数据,采用描述流行病学方法分析急性乙肝的三间分布和疫苗接种情况;利用Joinpoint回归模型对发病率时间趋势进行分析,计算年变化百分比(annual percent change, APC)和平均年变化百分比(average annual percent change, AAPC)。结果 2012—2024年安徽省累计报告急性乙肝18 019例,年均报告发病率为2.23/10万。Joinpoint回归分析显示,2012—2024年急性乙肝报告发病率整体呈下降趋势(AAPC=-10.52%,t=-8.13,P<0.01),其中2018—2024年发病率下降明显(APC=-16.20%,t=-6.05,P<0.01)。各月份均有病例报告,最高为3月(1 639例,占9.10%)。年均报告发病率前3位的地区分别为宿州市(7.87/10万)、宣城市(2.56/10万)和黄山市(2.12/10万)。全部报告病例中,男性11 404例,女性6 615例;30~44岁年龄组人群病例最多(5 318例,占29.51%);职业以农民为主(13 303例,占73.83%)。2012—2024年安徽省乙肝疫苗全程接种率均高于99.00%,24 h内首针及时接种率除2021年(89.78%)和2022年(89.88%)外,均保持在90.00%以上。结论 安徽省急性乙肝发病呈下降趋势,乙肝疫苗保持高水平接种率。全省应强化高发地区(宿州)和高发人群(农民)的乙肝防控工作,加强乙肝疫苗接种。

关键词: 急性乙型病毒性肝炎, 流行特征, 乙肝疫苗, 安徽省

Abstract:

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of acute hepatitis B in Anhui Province and the vaccination status of the vaccine for evidences in prevention and control of this condition. Methods The data on acute hepatitis B cases reported in Anhui Province from 2012 to 2024 were retrieved through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and the reported vaccination rates of hepatitis B vaccine were collected through the National Immunization Program Information System. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the characteristics of temporal, regional and population distribution as well as the vaccination status in population. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the temporal trend of incidence rates, and the annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) were calculated. Results From 2012 to 2024, a total of 18 019 cases of acute hepatitis B were reported in Anhui Province, with an average annual incidence rate of 2.23 per 100 000 population. Joinpoint regression analysis indicated that the incidence rate of acute hepatitis B showed an overall downward trend during 2012-2024 (AAPC= -10.52%, t=-8.13, P<0.01), and the decline was particularly significant from 2018 to 2024 (APC=-16.20%, t=-6.05, P<0.01). Cases were reported throughout the year, with the highest number of reports in March (n=1 639; 9.10%). The top three regions with the highest average annual incidence rates were Suzhou City (7.87/100 000), Xuancheng City (2.56/100 000), and Huangshan City (2.12/100 000). Of the reported cases, 11 404 were males and 6 615 were females. The age of onset was mainly concentrated among individuals aged 30~44 (n=5 318; 29.51%). The farmers were dominant by occupation (n=13 303; 73.83%). The full vaccination rate of hepatitis B vaccine in Anhui Province from 2012 to 2024 was all above 99.00%, and the timely first-dose vaccination rate within 24 hours, except for 2021 (89.78%) and 2022 (89.88%), remained above 90.00%. Conclusion The incidence of acute hepatitis B in Anhui Province is on a downward trend, and the hepatitis B vaccine is maintained at a high level of inoculation. The findings suggest that the prevention and control of hepatitis B should be strengthened in high-incidence areas (Suzhou) and high-risk groups (farmers) across the whole province, as well as enhance the inoculation of hepatitis B vaccine.

Key words: Acute viral hepatitis B, Epidemiological characteristics, Hepatitis B vaccine, Anhui Province

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