热带病与寄生虫学

热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2025, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 205-210.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.04.003

• 登革热防控专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

2014—2023年广州市登革热流行病学特征分析

陈琴1,2(), 吴利楠3(), 赖石凤2,3, 蒋明明4(), 刘文辉5()   

  1. 1.广州市白云区疾病预防控制中心， 广东广州 510445
    2.广州市现场流行病学培训项目
    3.广州市番禺区疾病预防控制中心
    4.广州市天河区疾病预防控制中心
    5.广州市疾病预防控制中心
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-14 出版日期:2025-08-20 发布日期:2025-09-19
  • 通信作者: 蒋明明，E-mail: 469321344@qq.com；刘文辉，E-mail: 357960247@qq.com
  • 作者简介:陈琴，女，本科，主管医师，研究方向：传染病防控。E-mail: 375239852@qq.com;|吴利楠，男，本科，副主任医师，研究方向：传染病防控。E-mail: wln80_0@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    广州市卫生健康科技项目(20231A011069)

Epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Guangzhou City from 2014 to 2023

CHEN Qin1,2(), WU Li’nan3(), LAI Shifeng2,3, JIANG Mingming4(), LIU Wenhui5()   

  1. 1. Baiyun District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 510445, Guangdong Province, China
    2. Guangzhou Field Epidemiology Training Program
    3. Guangzhou Panyu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
    4. Guangzhou Tianhe District Center for Disease Control and Prevention
    5. Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention
  • Received:2025-02-14 Online:2025-08-20 Published:2025-09-19
  • Contact: JIANG Mingming, E-mail: 469321344@qq.com; LIU Wenhui, E-mail: 357960247@qq.com

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摘要：

目的 分析广州市登革热流行特征，为登革热的科学防控提供参考。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统获取2014—2023年现住址为广州市的登革热病例资料，采用描述流行病学方法对病例三间分布、病例来源、发病到确诊时间间隔和病毒血清型等信息进行分析。结果 2014—2023年广州市累计报告登革热病例42 828例；本地病例42 023例，境外输入病例726例，境内输入病例79例，历年发病率为0.05/10万~281.70/10万。本地及境内输入病例报告主要在8—11月（分别为41 494例、77例）；境外输入病例全年均有报告，主要在5—11月（613例）。病例主要分布在中心城区（36 744例，占85.79%）。输入病例来源地中，境内输入病例主要来自云南、广西等省份（51例），境外输入病例主要来自柬埔寨、泰国等东南亚国家（591例）。不同人群中，男性21 309例，女性21 519例；境外输入病例男女比例较高（2.47∶1）。本地病例年龄集中在20~59岁（29 544例，占70.30%），输入病例以20~49岁为主（656例，占81.49%）。本地病例以家务及待业、离退人员、商业服务人员为主（21 408例，占50.94%），输入病例以商业服务、家务及待业、工人为主（454例，占56.40%）。主要流行株为Ⅰ型（占66.18%，2 464/3 723）和Ⅱ型（占31.78%，1 183/3 723）。病例发病到确诊时间间隔中位数为5（3，7）d。病毒血症期发现率为59.35%，各年份登革热病例病毒血症期发现率呈逐年递增趋势（χ2趋势=5.823，P<0.05）。结论 近年来广州市登革热本地疫情主要由输入病例引起，发病率保持在较高水平，具有明显季节性特征，相关部门需关注重点区域和人群，持续优化并落实以病例管理和伊蚊控制为主的综合性防治措施，严防疫情扩散。

关键词: 登革热, 流行特征, 本地病例, 输入病例, 广州市

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Guangzhou area for scientific basis in prevention and control of this infection. Methods Data on dengue fever cases residing in Guangzhou from 2014 to 2023 were obtained through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the temporal, regional and population distribution as well as the case origins, interval between onset and diagnosis, and viral serotypes. Results From 2014 to 2023, a total of 42 828 dengue fever cases were reported in Guangzhou City. Among these, 42 023 were local cases, 726 were imported cases from overseas, and 79 were imported cases from other domestic regions. The annual incidence rate ranged from 0.05/100 000 to 281.70/100 000 population. Reports of local cases and cases imported from other domestic regions were mainly concentrated in the period from August to November (41 494 cases and 77 cases, respectively). Cases imported from overseas were reported throughout the year, with the majority concentrated in the period from May to November (613 cases). These cases are mainly distributed in the central urban areas (36 744 cases, 85.79%). By the case origins, domestic imported cases (51 cases) were mainly from provinces such as Yunnan and Guangxi. Overseas imported cases were primarily associated with Southeast Asian countries such as Cambodia and Thailand (591 cases). Among different demographic groups, 21 309 were male cases and 21 519 female cases. The male-to-female ratio was relatively higher among the overseas imported cases (2.47∶1). Locally acquired cases were concentrated in the 20-59 age group (29 544 cases, 70.30%), while imported cases were mainly aged 20-49 years (656 cases, 81.49%). By occupation distribution, local cases were predominated by people engaged in housework & unemployed individuals, retirees, and commercial service workers (21 408 cases, 50.94%), whereas imported cases were mainly commercial service workers, people engaged in housework & unemployed individuals, and laborers (454 cases, 56.40%). The dominant serotypes were DENV-1 (66.18%, 2 464/3 723) and DENV-2 (31.78%, 1 183/3 723). The median interval from onset to diagnosis was 5 (3, 7) days. The detection rate during the viremia period was 59.35%, which showed an increasing annual trend (χ2trend=5.823, P<0.05). Conclusion In recent years, local dengue fever outbreaks in Guangzhou have primarily been caused by imported cases, with the incidence rate remaining at a relatively high level. These outbreaks exhibit distinct seasonal characteristics. Relevant authorities should focus on key areas and populations, continuously optimize and implement comprehensive prevention and control measures centered on case management and Aedes mosquito control, and rigorously prevent the spread of the epidemic.

Key words: Dengue fever, Epidemiological characteristics, Local cases, Imported cases, Guangzhou City

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