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20 February 2026, Volume 24 Issue 1 Previous Issue   

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EXPERT VIEWPOINT

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Prevention, control and reflections on the imported and emerging trypanosomiasis in China HUANG Lirong, SHEN Yong, WU Di, LIU Qin 2026, 24 (1):  1-6.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.001 Abstract ( 35 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF (1011KB) ( 24 )   Trypanosomiasis is a rare neglected tropical disease. China is beyond the endemic region for human trypanosomiasis. Nevertheless, multiple cases of imported human trypanosomiasis and locally acquired animal-borne trypanosomiasis have been reported in China in recent years. With the spread of American trypanosomiasis worldwide and cross-species infection of animal trypanosomiasis, trypanosomiasis is gradually becoming a non-negligible public health concern. This article provides an overview of the major human trypanosomiasis and the diagnosis and treatment processes of cases of imported and emerging trypanosomiasis in China, as well as a review of recent efforts to combat trypanosomiasis in China, aiming to provide a reference for the prevention and control of trypanosomiasis. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

SPECIAL TOPIC ON THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF OTHER INFECTIOUS DIARRHEA

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Epidemiology and pathogen spectrum of other infectious diarrhea in Sichuan Province from 2019 to 2023 DU Yanli, LIU Yaqiong, ZHOU Xingyu, YUAN Heng 2026, 24 (1):  7-12.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.002 Abstract ( 26 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1418KB) ( 14 )   Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and pathogen spectrum of other infectious diarrhea in Sichuan Province for scientific evidence for following prevention and control tasks. Methods Data on the cases and etiology of other infectious diarrhea, and public health emergencies (referred to as events for short) in Sichuan Province from 2019 to 2023 were obtained from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, and analyzed using descriptive methods. Results A total of 273 653 cases of other infectious diarrhea were reported in Sichuan Province from 2019 to 2023, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 65.41 per 100 000 population, showing an overall upward trend. The incidence showed a bimodal distribution, with peaks in February-March (n=51 161; 18.70%) and June-August (n=83 419; 30.48%). The top 3 cities (prefectures) by cumulative reported cases were Chengdu (n=66 767), Mianyang (n=32 812) and Yibin (n=20 308). The average annual reported incidence rates for males and females were 68.08/10 000 and 62.71/100 000 population, respectively. Population aged ≤4 years were dominant in the reported cases (n=156 217; 57.09%), and the children living at home were most involved (n=139 372; 50.93%). Among the 32 057 cases with confirmed etiological diagnosis, 86.48% (n=27 722) were viral diarrhea, with rotavirus (n=21 425) being the main pathogen. 12.96% of the reported cases (n=4 155) were bacterial diarrhea, with non-typhoidal Salmonella (n=2 776) as the predominant pathogen. A total of 23 other infectious diarrhea events were reported, most of which occurred in schools and kindergartens (19 events). The main route was person-to-person transmission (17 events), and all pathogens were associated with norovirus. Conclusion Individual children under 5 years old living at home are the key population for prevention and control of other infectious diarrhea in Sichuan Province, and schools and nurseries are the major settings for outbreaks of other infectious diarrhea. In the future, it is necessary to further strengthen monitoring and early warning, health education and promotion, improve the rotavirus vaccination rate in the population, enhance the public’s awareness of disease prevention, and effectively reduce the incidence of the disease. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological and pathogens characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Heilongjiang Province from 2005 to 2024 HUA Hua, BAO Mingjia, WANG Yan, YAN Jun, TANG Lu 2026, 24 (1):  13-18.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.003 Abstract ( 27 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (5157KB) ( 13 )   Objective To analyze the epidemiological and pathogens characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Heilongjiang Province for scientific evidence to formulate prevention and control measures. Methods Surveillance data on other infectious diarrhea and public health emergencies in Heilongjiang Province from January, 2005 to December, 2024 were retrieved from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics by time, region and population as well as the pathogenic spectrum. Software Joinpoint was applied to calculate the average annual percent change (AAPC) for analyzing the trend of the infection. Results A total of 89 461 cases of other infectious diarrhea were reported in Heilongjiang Province from 2005 to 2024, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 12.06 per 100 000 population. The reported incidence showed a downward trend, with AAPC (95%CI) of -2.40% (-4.80% to -0.30%) (t=-2.26, P<0.05). The incidence peaked in 2007 (17.64 per 100 000 population) and was the lowest in 2022 (4.96 per 100 000 population). Two epidemic peaks were observed, during which the peak incidence gradually shifted from June-August in 2005-2012(13 034/39 291; 33.17%) to March-April in 2023-2024(2 129/6 704; 31.76%). There were significant differences in the reported incidence among different prefecture-level cities across the province. The top three cities in average annual incidence were Mudanjiang (26.90 per 100 000), Hegang (17.66 per 100 000), and Harbin (16.19 per 100 000). Of the reported cases, 52 717 were males and 36 744 females. Children under 5 years old accounted for the majority of cases (55 980/89 461; 62.57%), and individual children living at home were the predominant occupation group (55 533/89 461; 62.08%). A total of 3 419 cases had confirmed pathogens, including 3 362 viral infections (98.33%) and 57 bacterial infections (1.67%). Norovirus and rotavirus were the dominant pathogens, with 1 710 cases (50.01%) and 1 558 cases (45.57%), respectively. In total, 30 public health emergencies of other infectious diarrhea were reported from 2005 to 2024, all caused by norovirus, of which 28 (93.33%) occurred in schools/kindergartens. Conclusion The overall incidence of other infectious diarrhea in Heilongjiang Province showed a downward trend from 2005 to 2024. However, the proportion of cases among kindergarten children and students presented an upward trend. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be strengthened in the key settings such as kindergartens and schools to reduce the risk of outbreaks. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemic characteristics and spatial autocorrelation of other infectious diarrhea in Liaoning Province from 2015 to 2024 WANG Zhouchao, JIN Meiling, SONG Ge, SUN Sinong, MAO Lingling, SUN Yingwei 2026, 24 (1):  19-24.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.004 Abstract ( 30 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (2336KB) ( 18 )   Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and spatial aggregation of other infectious diarrhea in Liaoning Province from 2015 to 2024 for a reference in prevention and control of this disease. Methods The data on the incidence of other infectious diarrhea in Liaoning Province from 2015 to 2024 were obtained through the Infectious Disease Surveillance System under the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the temporal trends of incidence rate, and spatial autocorrelation analysis and SaTScan spatio-temporal scan statistic were used to examine the spatial aggregation. Results A total of 156 255 cases of other infectious diarrhea were reported in Liaoning Province from 2015 to 2024, with an average annual incidence rate of 36.24/100 000. The yearly incidence rate fluctuated between 16.55/100 000 and 51.93/100 000 from 2015 to 2024. Joinpoint regression analysis indicated no clear trend for the incidence rate between 2015 and 2018 (APC=5.49%, 95%CI：-4.34% to 24.54%, P>0.05). The reported incidence rate presented a downward trend during 2018 and 2022 (APC=-23.95%, 95%CI：-36.31% to -17.79%, P<0.05), yet an upward trend from 2022 to 2024 (APC=53.27%, 95%CI：19.18% to 90.59%, P<0.05). By population distribution, 81 479 cases were males, and 74 776 females. The 0-4 age group had the highest incidence rate (322.65/100 000), and the children living at home were most reported (n=40 425; 25.87%). In terms of regional distribution, the top three cities were Benxi (144.24/100 000), Panjin (78.80/100 000), and Fuxin (69.61/100 000) by average annual reported incidence. Spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the annual Moran’s I index ranged from 0.229 to 0.413 between 2015 and 2024, with a positive spatial correlation observed in each year (all P<0.05). The clustering patterns were dominated by “high-high” and “low-low” clusters. The “high-high” clusters were mainly concentrated in some counties and districts of cities such as Benxi, Shenyang and Fushun. Spatio-temporal scan detected 1 type Ⅰ cluster and 12 type Ⅱ clusters, and the type Ⅰ cluster was seen during 2015 and 2019, highly consistent with the “high-high” clusters in coverage area. Conclusion Other infectious diarrhea in Liaoning Province from 2015 to 2024 presented spatiotemporal clustering. The high-risk populations were children aged 4 years and below and farmers. Our findings suggest that following prevention and control efforts should be targeted at the key regions and populations, as well as strengthening surveillance and early warning. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological characteristics and etioloty of other infectious diarrhea in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2015 to 2024 CHEN Haodong, ZHAO Junling, DONG Yan, LIU Wanli, NUERBIYA Aierken, GUO Rong 2026, 24 (1):  25-29.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.005 Abstract ( 37 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (3264KB) ( 10 )   Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of other infectious diarrhea in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for a scientific basis for the formulating prevention and control measures in the local area. Methods The case data of other infectious diarrhea in Xinjiang from 2015 to 2024 were obtained from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, regional and population distribution as well as the pathogens in the reported cases. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the changing trend of incidence. An autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time series model was constructed to predict the incidence of other infectious diarrhea in Xinjiang in 2025. Results From 2015 to 2024, a total of 111 773 cases of other infectious diarrhea were reported in Xinjiang, with an average annual incidence rate of 44.34 per 100 000. The Joinpoint regression model showed that the overall trend of the reported incidence rate from 2015 to 2024 was not statistically significant (AAPC=-2.97%, 95%CI: -11.22%-9.83%, t=-1.27, P>0.05), yet a downward trend from 2015 to 2022 was observed (APC=-8.15%, 95%CI: -15.28%-0.41%, t=-2.70, P<0.05). There were 61 812 male cases and 49 961 female cases, with a sex ratio of 1.24∶1. The average annual reported incidence rates for males and females were 46.29 and 39.98 per 100 000, respectively. The age group mainly concentrated in those 5 years old and under (n=73 475; 65.74%). The majority of the cases were in children living at home (n=69 254; 61.96%),followed by farmers (n=14 718; 13.17%). The cases were most reported from May to August (n=53 656; 48.00%). The top three regions with the highest reported incidence rates were Urumqi City (85.34 per 100 000), Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture (69.56 per 100 000), and Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture (59.78 per 100 000). A total of 20 110 cases were diagnosed with a clear pathogen, with viruses being the major pathogen (18 855 cases, 93.76%), in which rotavirus infection accounted for 82.09% (16 508 cases). The modeling result of the time series analysis was the ARIMA (3, 0, 0) (0, 1, 1)12 model, and the predicted number of reported cases in 2025 (95%CI) was 11 440 (2 966-19 886). Conclusion From 2015 to 2024, the reported incidence rate of other infectious diarrhea in Xinjiang showed an overall trend of decreasing initially and then increasing. The high-incidence season was summer, and infants and children 5 years old and under were the key population for prevention and control. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring and take targeted prevention and control measures for key these population groups. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Molecular epidemiological related research on Cryptosporidium infection in children under 5 years old with diarrhea in a hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region LIANG Ru, ZHANG Liang, GUO Wenhui, XUE Xinyu, LI Ruifeng 2026, 24 (1):  30-35.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.006 Abstract ( 23 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1950KB) ( 16 )   Objective To understand the molecular epidemiological characteristics of Cryptosporidium infection in children 5 years old and under with diarrhea in a hospital in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for a reference in prevention and control of this infection in the local area. Methods The fecal samples were obtained from children 5 years old and under with diarrhea who were treated at the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Maternal and Child Health Hospital during September 2021 and August 2022. The 18S rRNA gene fragment of Cryptosporidium was amplified using nested PCR to investigate the infection status of this protozoan parasite. Homology analysis was performed based on the 18S rRNA gene sequence and a phylogenetic tree for the species identified was constructed. The gene subtypes were further identified based on the gp60 gene locus. Results A total of 1 292 fecal samples were collected from the diarrheic children, in which 156 samples were positive for Cryptosporidium 18S rRNA gene sequencing, with a positive rate of 12.07%. The positive rate was 13.37% (92/688) for boys and 10.60% (64/604) for girls. The difference was insignificant (χ2=2.335, P>0.05). Children aged 1-3 years had the highest positive rate (15.70%，81/516), the difference was statistically significant between groups (χ2=12.620, P<0.05). The positive rate was higher in the children with diarrhea living in the suburban and rural counties than that of those from urban areas (15.66%, 62/396 vs. 10.49%, 94/896), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.902, P<0.05). Positive cases were detected in all months, with December having the highest positivity rate (17.81%, 13/73). All positive samples were identified as Cryptosporidium parvum through homology analysis, and the phylogenetic tree showed clustering with reference strains of Cryptosporidium parvum in the same branch. Based on the gp60 gene, five subtypes were detected, including ⅡdA23G3, ⅡdA24G3, ⅡdA24G4, ⅡdA25G3, and ⅡdA25G4, with ⅡdA25G3 being the dominant subtype (42.95%, 67/156). The phylogenetic tree revealed that these five subtypes formed independent evolutionary branches and clustered with known Ⅱd subtypes of Cryptosporidium parvum in the same branch. Conclusion The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection among local children with diarrhea is relatively high. Children aged 3 years and under are the key target population, and suburban counties are the important regions of concern. The prevalent species is Cryptosporidium parvum, with ⅡdA25G3 being the dominant subtype. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

CONTROL STUDY

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Association between influenza incidence and meteorological factors in Anhui Province based on a distributed lag non-linear model LIU Yaqian, GONG Lei, DAI Yanni, GENG Haoxiang, ZHANG Liqin, MENG Meng, ZHU Meng, ZHU Biao, WU Jiabing 2026, 24 (1):  36-40.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.007 Abstract ( 44 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (1900KB) ( 16 )   Objective To analyze the effects of meteorological factors on influenza incidence in Anhui Province, and to provide evidence for the development of influenza control strategies. Methods Influenza surveillance data in Anhui Province from 2016 to 2019 were retrieved from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention Information System. Meteorological data for the corresponding period were collected from the Anhui Meteorological Bureau. A distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) was applied to evaluate the exposure-lag effects of meteorological factors on weekly influenza incidence. Results From 2016 to 2019, a total of 152 284 influenza cases were reported in Anhui Province, with an average annual incidence of 60.95 per 100 000 population, showing an increasing trend over the study period. The exposure-response relationship between influenza risk and weekly mean temperature, weekly mean relative humidity, and weekly precipitation presented approximately in inverted U-shape, U-shape, and U-shape for those years. Influenza risk increased when weekly mean temperature ranged from 10.40 to 17.20 ℃, yet decreased at 17.40-26.40 ℃ (both P<0.05). Relatively high temperature (P75=24.27 ℃) exhibited a protective effect over lag 0-3 weeks (RR=0.75, 95%CI: 0.58-0.98). Weekly mean relative humidity was associated with increased influenza risk at 55.50%-68.40% and 83.20%-92.00% (both P<0.05). Both relatively low humidity (P5=62.77%) and high relatively humidity (P95=88.34%) showed significantly elevated cumulative effects over lag 0-3 weeks (RR=1.48, 95%CI: 1.14-1.92; RR=1.51, 95%CI: 1.16-1.96). Influenza risk increased upon weekly precipitation ranging from 242.20 to 1 254.60 mm (P<0.05), and relatively high precipitation (P95=1 090.65 mm) exhibited significantly elevated cumulative effects over lag 0-3 weeks (RR=1.46, 95%CI: 1.02-2.10). Conclusion Relatively low temperature, low and high relative humidity, and high precipitation may add the risk of influenza incidence in Anhui Province, whereas relatively high temperature may reduce the risks. These effects exhibit certain lagged and sustained characteristics. Incorporating meteorological indicators into influenza prediction models may help improve early warning accuracy. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological characteristics and trends of syphilis in Wuhu City from 2015 to 2024 TAO Jin, ZHANG Jing, DOU Zhengdong, ZHANG Xieyu, TAO Xianqing, FANG Yanjiao 2026, 24 (1):  41-46.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.008 Abstract ( 37 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (964KB) ( 17 )   Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis infection in Wuhu City after expanded screening of syphilis in 2015 for evidence to optimize the prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of syphilis cases in Wuhu City maintained from 2015 to 2024 were retrieved through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The epidemiological characteristics were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method, the Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of incidence, and the correlation between expanded screening and case report was analyzed as well. Results From 2015 to 2024, the total number of syphilis serological screening in Wuhu City was 2 793 280, and the number of double positive rate was 27 837. A total of 22 688 syphilis cases were reported, with an average annual reported incidence of 60.86/100 000 population. In total, 18 108 cases of latent syphilis (79.81%), 4 348 cases of primary and secondary syphilis (19.16%), 179 cases of tertiary syphilis (0.79%), and 53 cases of congenital syphilis (0.23%) were reported. Cases were reported in each month, without typical seasonal patterns. The number of reported cases were 11 454 for males and 11 234 for females. The average annual reported incidence rates were 60.36/100 000 and 61.38/100 000, respectively. The highest incidence was seen in the age group ≥65 years (110.87/100 000), and the highest number of reported cases were in housewife and unemployed individuals (n=8 531; 37.60%), followed by farmers (n=7 066; 31.14%). The number of reported cases in Jinghu District ranked the first in the city (n=4 226; 18.63%). On the incidence trend, the reported incidence of syphilis as well as primary and secondary syphilis showed a downward trend (AAPC=-1.22%, t=-2.74, P<0.05; AAPC=-20.10%, t=-7.46, P<0.001, respectively), yet latent syphilis showed an upward trend (AAPC=5.90%, t= 3.55, P<0.001). Among different populations, the reported incidence of syphilis in the 15-24 age group showed upward trend in 2017-2024 (APC=10.12%，t=2.61，P<0.05), while the 25-34 age group exhibited a downward trend (AAPC=-10.89%, t=-13.80, P<0.001). The 55-64 age group presented an upward trend in 2015-2021 (APC=4.93%, t=6.64, P<0.05), yet a downward trend in 2021-2024 (APC=-8.54%, t=-4.16, P<0.05). In different regions, the reported incidence of syphilis exhibited a downward trend overall in Yijiang District (AAPC=-7.11%, t=-6.23, P<0.001) and Fanchang District (AAPC=-4.27%, t=-3.21, P<0.05). Although the reported incidence tended to rise in Wanzhi District in 2015-2019 (APC=10.68%, t=3.29, P<0.05), yet showed a downward trend in 2019-2024 (APC=-5.87%, t=-2.77, P<0.05). The number of screening and double-positive was positively correlated with the number of latent syphilis reports (r=0.693, 0.754; both P<0.05), and negatively correlated with the number of primary and secondary syphilis reports (r=-0.976, -0.830; both P<0.05). Conclusion The reported incidence of syphilis in Wuhu area showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2024, with a significant decrease in early active syphilis. The elderly aged 65 and above, homemakers and unemployed individuals, as well as farmers, are key populations for prevention and control. The increase of latent syphilis reports was closely related to expanded screening. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

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Experimental study on renal fibrosis induced by chronic Schistosoma japonicum infection in mouse models HU Tingting, ZHAO Chengsi, LIN Shuqing, WANG Guifang, QIU Jingfan, ZHANG Rong, LIU Xinjian, WANG Yong 2026, 24 (1):  47-53.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.009 Abstract ( 57 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (10728KB) ( 20 )   Objective To investigate the dynamic effects of chronic Schistosoma japonicum infection on renal fibrosis in mice and its molecular mechanism, thereby providing experimental evidence for elucidating the pathogenesis of schistosomiasis-associated kidney injury. Methods A chronic Schistosoma japonicum infection model was established in C57BL/6J mice (n=15), and an uninfected group (n=15) was set up simultaneously. Kidney tissues were collected at 12, 14, and 16 weeks post-infection (n=5 per group: infected and uninfected control) for subsequent analysis. The mRNA expression levels of fibrosis markers (α-SMA, CTGF, Col-1, and Col-4) in kidney tissues were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and protein expression of CTGF, Col-1, P-Smad2/3 and Smad7 was analyzed by Western blot. Smad7 protein expression abundance and cellular localization were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Mouse glomerular mesangial cells (MES-13) were stimulated in vitro with soluble adult worm antigen (SWA) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) from Schistosoma japonicum. The mRNA expression levels of fibrosis markers, Smad3, and Smad7 were measured by qRT-PCR, and the expression of Col-1 and α-SMA proteins in cells was observed via immunofluorescence. Results qRT-PCR results showed that, compared with the uninfected group, the mRNA expression of α-SMA, CTGF, Col-1, and Col-4 in the kidneys of mice infected for 12, 14, and 16 weeks was significantly up-regulated (t=4.61, 6.64, 3.52; t=3.29, 5.07, 7.22; t=3.66, 4.74, 3.10; t=3.24, 5.92, 2.67, all P<0.05). Western blot analysis revealed that the protein expression levels of CTGF and Col-1 were markedly increased at all time points in the infected groups compared to the uninfected group (t=4.07, 7.39, 8.84; t=3.08, 4.21, 4.85, all P<0.05). The expression of P-Smad2/3 protein in kidney tissues of the 14-week infection group was higher than that in the uninfected group (t=3.61, P<0.05), whereas the expression of Smad7 protein was lower than that in the uninfected group (t=7.96, P<0.05). In vitro experiments showed that after the intervention of SWA and TGF-β1, the mRNA expressions of α-SMA, CTGF, Col-1, Col-4 and Smad3 in MES-13 cells were all higher than those in the non-intervention group, while the mRNA expression of Smad7 was lower than that in the non-intervention group, There were statistically significant differences in mRNA expression among the three groups (F=62.26, 112.70, 7.64, 127.20, 10.78, 6.75, all P<0.05). Immunofluorescence confirmed enhanced expression of α-SMA and Col-1 proteins in the SWA group. Conclusion Chronic Schistosoma japonicum infection induces a sustained state of renal fibrosis in mouse models. The direct activation of the TGF-β signaling pathway by SWA may play an important role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

CLINICAL STUDY

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Clinical characteristics of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection in 6 cases WANG Yajiao, ZHANG Manqing, XIANG Qun, WU Na 2026, 24 (1):  54-57.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.010 Abstract ( 22 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (3669KB) ( 14 )   Objective To summarize the clinical features and treatment experience of Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection for a reference in the diagnosis and treatment of this chronic infection. Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data including general conditions, clinical manifestations, findings of laboratory tests, pathogen detection and imaging examination, treatment and prognosis from the patients with Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection admitted to Haikou People’s Hospital during January 2018 and September 2024. Results Six patients with Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection were included. All patients were males, farmers, aged ranging from 53 to 78 years old. Five of them had underlying diseases, including 2 cases with long-term use of glucocorticoids and 1 case with long-term use of antineoplastic agents. The clinical manifestations were dominated by cough and expectoration, accompanied by fever, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. The main complications were respiratory failure and septic shock. Laboratory studies revealed that serum albumin levels were all decreased in the six patients, in whom elevated eosinophils counts were seen in two, and decreased eosinophils count was observed in one. Strongyloides stercoralis were detected in both sputum and feces in 6 patients, and also in gastric juice in 1 patient. Chest CT revealed multiple or scattered exudative lesions in both lungs in the 6 patients. Two patients were treated with albendazole combined with levamisole, improved and discharged, and were cured at 1-month follow-up. Another 4 patients received single albendazole, with failed control of the condition. They were discharged against medical advice, and died at 1-month follow-up. Conclusion Strongyloides stercoralis hyperinfection commonly occurs in immunocompromised individuals, with gastrointestinal and pulmonary symptoms as the main manifestations and a poor prognosis. Combined medication may lead to a better therapeutic effect, and early pathogen detection and standardized treatment are crucial for improving prognosis. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

REVIEW

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Research progress on the epidemic status, diagnosis, treatment and control measures of Chikungunya fever ZHANG Liqin, GONG Lei, LIU Yaqian, DAI Yanni, GENG Haoxiang, MENG Meng, WU Jiabing 2026, 24 (1):  58-64.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.011 Abstract ( 25 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF (953KB) ( 19 )   Chikungunya fever is an acute mosquito-borne infection caused by the Chikungunya virus and transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. To date, the disease has been reported in 119 countries and regions worldwide. Imported cases have been recorded in 16 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China. The important clinical manifestations of this infection include sudden onset of fever, skin rash, and joint pain, while some patients may experience atypical symptoms such as neurological involvement. As the disease is generally infectious to the population, and vaccines have not yet been widely administered worldwide, prevention and control of it mainly rely on comprehensive preventive measures in current stage. This article reviews the etiological characteristics, global epidemiology, epidemic process, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment, and prevention and control strategies of Chikungunya fever, with an attempt to provide references for responding to its spread and outbreaks. References | Related Articles | Metrics