热带病与寄生虫学

热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2025, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (6): 335-340.

• 结核病防控专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

2021—2024年我国0～14岁儿童无症状结核病登记情况分析

葛芳君1，文雅欣1，李锦浩1，徐彩红1, 2   

  1. 1. 中国疾病预防控制中心（中国预防医学科学院）结核病预防控制中心，北京 102206；
    2. 传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-28 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2026-01-23
  • 通信作者: 徐彩红，E-mail: xuch@chinacdc.cn
  • 作者简介:葛芳君，女，硕士在读，研究方向：结核病防控。E-mail: fangjun_ge@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2024YFC2311204、2024YFC2310905）

The registration status of asymptomatic tuberculosis among children aged 0-14 years in China from 2021 to 2024

GE Fangjun1, WEN Yaxin1, LI Jinhao1, XU Caihong1, 2   

  1. 1. National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine), Beijing 102206, China;  2. National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases
  • Received:2025-10-28 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2026-01-23

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摘要： 目的 了解当前我国0～14岁儿童无症状结核病患者的登记情况，为优化儿童结核病防控策略提供依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统获取全国2021—2024年“症状”栏已登记信息的结核病病例资料，采用描述流行病学方法分析0～14岁儿童无症状结核病病例的三间分布特征。结果 2021—2024年，本研究共纳入0～14岁儿童无症状结核病患者3 344例。儿童无症状结核病累计报告病例数最多的月份为9月（498例，占14.89%），最少为2月（137例，占4.10%）。年龄分布上，儿童无症状结核病主要集中在10～14岁年龄组（2 772例，占82.89%）。男童和女童的报告病例数分别为1 558例和1 786例，性别比为0.87∶1。汉族累计报告2 095例（占62.65%），少数民族累计报告1 249例（占37.35%）；累计报告病例数前3位的少数民族是彝族（429例）、藏族（330例）和苗族（123例）。东部、中部和西部地区的累计报告病例数分别为531例（占15.88%）、619例（占18.51%）和2 194例（占65.61%），累计报告病例数前3位的省份分别是四川省（748例）、贵州省（508例）和云南省（365例）。病例主要报告来源为追踪（1 183例，占35.38%）和转诊（1 086例，占32.48%）。结论 目前，我国儿童无症状结核病患者以10～14岁年龄段为主，病例主要集中在西部地区。今后，需进一步加强对西部地区的防控力度，加大主动筛查力度和针对儿童无症状结核病患者的规范治疗管理。

关键词: 无症状结核病, 儿童, 流行特征

Abstract: Objective To analyze the registration status of asymptomatic tuberculosis among children aged 0-14 years in China from 2021 to 2024 for evidence to optimize tuberculosis prevention and control strategies for children. Methods The data on tuberculosis cases with documented information in the symptom field across the country from 2021 to 2024 were retrieved from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of asymptomatic tuberculosis cases among children aged 0-14 years across time, region, and population. Results From 2021 to 2024, a total of 3 344 asymptomatic tuberculosis cases in children aged 0-14  were enrolled in this study. The month with the highest cumulative number of reported asymptomatic tuberculosis cases among children was September (498 cases, 14.89%), while February had the lowest number (137 cases, 4.10%). By age distribution, asymptomatic tuberculosis in children was dominated by those aged 10-14 years (2 772 cases, 82.89%). The number of reported cases in males and females was 1 558 and 1 786, respectively, with a sex ratio of 0.87∶1. A total of 2 095 cases reported were from the Han ethnic group (62.65%), while ethnic minorities accounted for 1 249 cases (37.35%). The top three ethnic minorities with the highest cumulative reported cases were the Yi ethnic group (429 cases), Tibetan ethnic group (330 cases), and Miao ethnic group (123 cases). The cumulative reported cases in the eastern, central, and western regions were 531 (15.88%), 619 (18.51%), and 2 194 (65.61%), respectively. The top three provinces with the highest cumulative reported cases were Sichuan (748 cases), Guizhou (508 cases), and Yunnan (365 cases). The primary sources of case reporting were contact tracing (1 183 cases, 35.38%) and referrals (1 086 cases, 32.48%). Conclusion Currently, asymptomatic tuberculosis among children in China predominantly occurred in the those aged 10-14 years, with majority of the cases observed in the western regions. In the future, it is essential to further strengthen prevention and control efforts in the western region, enhance the intensity of active screening, and improve standardized medication and management of children with asymptomatic tuberculosis. 

Key words: Asymptomatic tuberculosis, Children, Epidemiological characteristics

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