热带病与寄生虫学

热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2025, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (6): 330-334,340.

• 结核病防控专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

2021—2024年我国65岁及以上老年无症状结核病登记情况分析

文雅欣1，李锦浩1，葛芳君1，胡冬梅1，徐彩红1, 2   

  1. 1.中国疾病预防控制中心（中国预防医学科学院）结核病预防控制中心，北京102206；
    2.传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-29 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2026-01-23
  • 通信作者: 徐彩红，E-mail: xuch@chinacdc.cn
  • 作者简介:文雅欣，女，硕士在读，研究方向：结核病防控。E-mail: w1048508150@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目（2024YFC2311204、2024YFC2310905）

The registration status of asymptomatic tuberculosis among population aged 65 and above in China from 2021 to 2024

WEN Yaxin1, LI Jinhao1, GE Fangjun1, HU Dongmei1, XU Caihong1, 2   

  1. 1. National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine), Beijing 102206, China;  2. National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases
  • Received:2025-10-29 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2026-01-23

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摘要： 目的 了解全国老年无症状结核病患者的登记情况，为老年无症状结核病的防控提供参考。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统获取全国2021—2024年“症状”栏已登记信息的老年结核病患者资料，采用描述流行病学方法分析老年无症状结核病患者的登记情况，并对老年无症状结核病患者和有症状结核病患者的病例资料进行比较。结果 2021—2024年，本研究共纳入全国老年结核病患者314 725例，其中老年无症状结核病患者38 915例（占12.36%）。时间分布上，老年无症状结核病患者登记数8月最多（3 937例，占10.12%），2月最少（2 292例，占5.89%）。人群分布上，老年无症状结核病患者中男性（27 456例，占70.55%）、65～69岁年龄组（13 962例，占35.88%）、农民（26 831例，占68.95%）登记数较多；离退人群（占16.58%）、省外流动人群（占20.49%）老年结核病患者中的老年无症状结核病患者比例高于其他人群。地区分布上，中部地区老年无症状结核病患者登记数最多（14 693例，占37.76%）；西部地区老年结核病患者中无症状患者占比最低（占9.96%，13 002/130 593）。病例特征中，老年无症状结核病患者中初治，合并糖尿病、精神病和HIV/AIDS以及主动发现占比均高于有症状结核病患者（91.91% vs. 89.54%；13.90% vs. 10.35%、0.20% vs. 0.11%、0.56% vs. 0.46%；7.00% vs. 2.80%）；主动发现的老年无症状结核病患者在老年结核病患者登记总数中的比例较高（占26.07%）。结论 我国老年无症状结核病在不同人群、地区和病例特征方面的登记比例存在差异，未来应采取有效措施加强对老年无症状结核病患者的主动发现力度。

关键词: 结核病, 无症状结核病, 老年人, 流行特征

Abstract: Objective To understand the registration status of the elderly asymptomatic tuberculosis patients across the country, so as to provide a reference for prevention and control of asymptomatic tuberculosis in this population group. Methods The data on elderly tuberculosis patients with documented information in the symptom field across the country from 2021 to 2024 were retrieved from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the registration situation of the aged asymptomatic tuberculosis patients, and the case data were compared between the elderly asymptomatic tuberculosis patients and symptomatic tuberculosis patients. Results From 2021 to 2024, a total of 314 725 elderly tuberculosis patients nationwide were enrolled in this study, among whom 38 915 were asymptomatic elderly tuberculosis patients, accounting for 12.36%. By temporal distribution, the number of elderly asymptomatic tuberculosis patients registered was the highest in August (n=3 937; 10.12%) and the lowest in February (n=2 292; 5.89%). In terms of population distribution, males (n=27 456; 70.55%), population at the 65-69 age group (n=13 962; 35.88%) and farmers (n=26 831; 68.95%) were dominant in the elderly asymptomatic tuberculosis patients registered.The number of elderly asymptomatic tuberculosis patients among retirees (16.58%) and those who moved from other provinces (20.49%) accounted for a relatively high proportion of the total number of elderly tuberculosis patients registered. By regional distribution, the number of elderly asymptomatic tuberculosis patients registered was the highest in the central regions (n=14 693; 37.76%), and the proportion of asymptomatic tuberculosis patients among elderly tuberculosis patients was the lowest in the western regions (9.96%, 13 002/130 593). In terms of case characteristics, the proportions of initial treatment, comorbidities of diabetes, mental illness and HIV/AIDS, and active detection were all higher in asymptomatic elderly tuberculosis patients than in symptomatic ones (91.91% vs. 89.54%; 13.90% vs. 10.35%, 0.20% vs. 0.11%, 0.56% vs. 0.46%; 7.00% vs. 2.80%, respectively). Additionally, the active detection rate of elderly patients with asymptomatic tuberculosis accounted for a relatively high percentage (26.07%) among the total registered elderly tuberculosis patients. Conclusion The differences exist in the registration proportions of elderly asymptomatic tuberculosis in China across different populations, regions, and case characteristics. In the future, effective measures should be taken to strengthen the active detection of the aged patients with asymptomatic tuberculosis. 

Key words: Tuberculosis, Asymptomatic tuberculosis, The elderly, Epidemiological characteristics

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