热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2025, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (2): 116-121.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2025.02.010

• 调查研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

安徽省老年人肺结核防治核心信息知晓情况调查研究

方雨1(), 王荣2, 方雪晖2()   

  1. 1.安徽医科大学公共卫生学院,安徽合肥 230032
    2.安徽省胸科医院,安徽医科大学胸科临床学院
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-10 出版日期:2025-04-20 发布日期:2025-06-04
  • 通信作者: 方雪晖,E-mail: 448235972@qq.com
  • 作者简介:方雨,女,硕士在读,研究方向:公共卫生。E-mail: fangyu2405@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省卫生健康科研项目(AHWJ2021b015)

Study on the current status of tuberculosis prevention and control core knowledge among the elderly in Anhui Province

FANG Yu1(), WANG Rong2, FANG Xuehui2()   

  1. 1. School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
    2. Anhui Chest Hospital; Clinical College of Chest, Anhui Medical University
  • Received:2025-01-10 Online:2025-04-20 Published:2025-06-04
  • Contact: FANG Xuehui, E-mail: 448235972@qq.com

摘要:

目的 了解安徽省老年人群对肺结核防治知识的知晓情况与认知途径,为优化防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法 2022年10—12月按照分层随机抽样的原则在皖南、皖中和皖北地区抽取36个居委会(行政村)作为调查点,每个调查点的调查对象按年龄分为3层(60~69岁、70~79岁和≥80岁),分别随机抽取32人、26人和22人开展面对面问卷调查,调查内容主要为肺结核防治核心信息知晓及认知途径情况。结果 共调查2 810名老年人,男性1 414人、女性1 396人,平均年龄(72.89±7.84)岁。5条肺结核核心信息总知晓率为49.17%(6 908/14 050),核心信息全部知晓率为10.39%(292/2 810);单条核心信息中,“反复咳嗽、咳痰或痰中带血应该怀疑得了肺结核”的知晓率最高(68.68%,1 930/2 810),“勤洗手、多通风、强身健体可有效预防肺结核,肺结核患者咳嗽喷嚏掩口鼻、不随地吐痰可以减少周围人的感染”的知晓率最低(34.98%,983/2 810)。文化程度、职业及家庭年收入是全部知晓率的影响因素,文化程度和家庭年收入较高者以及职业为工人和离退休人员的全部知晓率较高。医务人员传播在老年人获取肺结核防治知识的途径中占比最高(43.02%,1 209/2 810);广播及影视是老年人最期望的获取途径(59.40%,1 669/2 810)。结论 安徽省老年人群的肺结核防治核心知识知晓率总体较低,对预防措施的认知尤其不足。建议通过广播及影视和医务人员传播的方式加强老年人群肺结核防治知识的宣传。

关键词: 肺结核, 老年人, 防治知识, 知晓率, 安徽省

Abstract:

Objective To understand the status of awareness of knowledge about tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control and the ways to acquire this knowledge among the elderly population in Anhui Province for scientific basis to optimize the related prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods By stratified random sampling, we conducted a survey on the elderly population living in the 36 committees (administrative villages) in the southern, central, and northern Anhui Province from October to December 2022. The subjects at each site consisted of three age groups, namely, 60-69 years, 70-79 years, and ≥80 years. Then 32, 26 and 22 individuals were randomly included from each age group, respectively, and underwent face-to-face questionnaire response. The survey centered on understanding the respondents′ awareness of core information concerning TB prevention and control, along with the avenues through which they accessed this information. Results A total of 2 810 elderly individuals were surveyed, including 1 414 males and 1 396 females, with an average age of (72.89±7.84) years. The overall awareness rate of five core items towards pulmonary TB information was 49.17% (6 908/14 050), while the full awareness rate of all core information was 10.39% (292/2 810). By awareness of single core information, the rate was the highest in “persistent coughing, expectoration, or blood-tinged sputum should be suspected of pulmonary TB infection” (68.68%, 1 930/2 810), whereas the awareness rate was the lowest in “washing hands frequently, ensuring ventilation, strengthening physical fitness can prevent pulmonary TB, and covering the mouth and nose when coughing and no spitting indiscriminately may reduce transmission” (34.98%, 983/2 810). Education level, occupation, and annual household income were influencing factors for full awareness rates. The full awareness rates were relatively higher in individuals with higher education levels and household incomes, as well as those who were workers or retirees. Publicity from the health workers was the most important source of knowledge towards pulmonary TB prevention and treatment (43.02%, 1 209/2 810), whereas the radio, TV programs and films were the most preferred sources to acquire such knowledge (59.40%, 1 669/2 810). Conclusion The overall awareness rate of the knowledge on the core pulmonary TB prevention and treatment appears relatively lower in the elderly population in Anhui Province, and they are particularly poor in awareness of the preventive measures, for which it is recommended to boost the pulmonary TB prevention and treatment knowledge in the elderly population through publicity by the radio, TV programs and film as well as health workers.

Key words: Pulmonary tuberculosis, The elderly, Prevention and control knowledge, Awareness rate, Anhui province

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