热带病与寄生虫学

热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2026, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (2): 96-104.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.02.007

• 防治研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

2005―2024年中国伤寒和副伤寒流行特征及发病趋势分析

沈若寒(), 宋杨, 刘凤凤, 孟欣, 郑灿军, 孙军玲, 王丽萍, 张彦平, 常昭瑞()   

  1. 中国疾病预防控制中心（中国预防医学科学院）传染病管理处， 传染病溯源预警与智能决策全国重点实验室， 北京 102206
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-18 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-05-29
  • 通信作者: 常昭瑞，E-mail: changzr@chinacdc.cn
  • 作者简介:沈若寒，女，硕士在读，研究方向：流行病与卫生统计学。E-mail: 15518648186@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    中国疾病预防控制中心疾病综合预防与控制项目(1023932600200110000011)

Epidemiological characteristics and incidence trends of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in China from 2005 to 2024

SHEN Ruohan(), SONG Yang, LIU Fengfeng, MENG Xin, ZHENG Canjun, SUN Junling, WANG Liping, ZHANG Yanping, CHANG Zhaorui()   

  1. Division of Infectious Disease, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine); National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Beijing 102206, China
  • Received:2026-03-18 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-05-29
  • Contact: CHANG Zhaorui, E-mail: changzr@chinacdc.cn

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摘要：

目的 分析中国各省份和地级行政区（简称地市）伤寒和副伤寒的流行特征及发病变化趋势，为各地区制定针对性防控策略和措施提供依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统获取2005—2024年中国伤寒和副伤寒病例资料，采用描述流行病学方法分析其流行特征，采用Joinpoint回归模型分析各省份和地市报告发病率变化趋势。结果 2005—2024年全国共报告伤寒和副伤寒病例263 767例，年均报告发病率为0.97/10万，历年报告发病率呈下降趋势，由2.69/10万下降至0.33/10万。5—10月份季节指数均>1，报告病例数占总病例数的63.87%（168 474/263 767）。男性和女性报告病例数分别为141 813例和121 954例，年均报告发病率分别为1.02/10万和0.92/10万；报告病例数最多的年龄组为35~59岁组（占29.26%，77 191/263 767），报告发病率最高的年龄组为<3岁组（2.57/10万）；报告病例数最多的职业为农民（占36.09%，95 206/263 767）。地区分布上，报告病例数最多的省份为云南省（72 679例）；报告病例数排名前3的地市分别为云南省红河哈尼族彝族自治州（11 896例）、昆明市（11 863例）和广西壮族自治区桂林市（11 133例）。发病趋势上，全国月报告发病率总体呈下降趋势（AMPC=-0.67%，95%CI：-1.03%~-0.31%，t=-3.64，P<0.05）。基于各省份的分析结果显示，有10个省份报告发病率呈下降趋势，AMPC为-1.77%~-0.29%（P均<0.05），其余省份总体变化趋势均无统计学意义。基于各地市的分析结果显示，有140个地市报告发病率呈下降趋势，AAPC为-2.15%~-50.68%（P均<0.05）；有15个地市呈上升趋势，AAPC为4.41%~16.90%（P均<0.05）。发病率呈下降趋势的省份中有54.47%（67/123）的地市发病率呈下降趋势，1.63%（2/123）的地市呈上升趋势；无明显变化趋势的省份中有34.93%（73/209）的地市呈下降趋势，6.22%（13/209）的地市呈上升趋势。结论 2005—2024年全国伤寒和副伤寒发病率总体呈下降趋势，各省份和地市发病率变化趋势分化明显，变化幅度不同，各省份内部存在部分地市与省级趋势不一致的现象，应针对不同地区制定差异化防控策略，对重点地区和重点时段实施精准防控，以实现更高效的伤寒和副伤寒防控目标。

关键词: 伤寒, 副伤寒, 发病率, 流行特征, 时间趋势

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of typhoid and paratyphoid fever incidence in provinces and cities at prefecture level in China from 2005 to 2024 for evidences to formulate region-specific prevention and control strategies and measures for typhoid and paratyphoid fever. Methods Case data of typhoid and paratyphoid fever from 2005 to 2024 were retrieved from the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics, and the Joinpoint regression model was applied to observe the trends in incidence rates. Results A total of 263 767 cases of typhoid and paratyphoid fever were reported nationwide in China from 2005 to 2024, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.97 per 100 000 population. The annual reported incidence rate showed a declining trend over the years, decreasing from 2.69 per 100 000 to 0.33 per 100 000. The seasonal indices were all greater than 1 from May to October, during which the reported cases accounted for 63.87% of the total cases (168 474/263 767). The number of reported cases was 141 813 in males and 121 954 in females, with average annual incidence rates of 1.02 per 100 000 and 0.92 per 100 000, respectively. The proportion of reported cases was the highest in the age group of 35-59 years (29.26%, 77 191/263 767), and maximal incidence rate was seen in the age group under 3 years (2.57 per 100 000). By occupational distribution, farmers were the dominant group (36.09%, 95 206/263 767). By regional distribution, Yunnan Province reported the largest number of cases (n= 72 679). The top three prefecture-level cities in terms of reported case number were Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (n=11 896) and Kunming City (n= 11 863) in Yunnan Province, and Guilin City (n=11 133) in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. In terms of incidence trends, the national reported incidence rate showed an overall downward trend (AMPC=-0.67%, 95%CI: -1.03% to -0.31%, t=-3.64, P<0.05). Analysis based on provincial data revealed that the reported incidence rate tended to be a downward trend in 10 provinces, with AMPC values ranging from -1.77% to -0.29% (all P<0.05), whereas the overall trend in the rest of the provinces showed no statistical significance. Observation at the prefecture-level cities indicated that the reported incidence rate decreased in 140 cities, with the AAPC ranging from -2.15% to -50.68% (all P<0.05), and another 15 cities showed an upward trend (AAPC: 4.41% to 16.90%, all P<0.05). Among provinces with a declining incidence trend, 54.47% (67/123) of their prefectural-level cities showed a downward trend and 1.63% (2/123) presented an upward trend. In provinces with no significant temporal trend, 34.93% (73/209) of their subordinate cities exhibited a declining trend and 6.22% (13/209) showed an increasing trend. Conclusion The national overall incidence rate of typhoid and paratyphoid fever declined from 2005 to 2024. However, the incidence trends varied distinctly with changing magnitudes across provinces and prefecture-level cities. Within some provinces, the trends in certain prefectural-level cities were inconsistent with the provincial trend. These findings suggest that differentiated prevention and control strategies should be formulated according to local conditions, and precise interventions should be implemented in key areas and during critical time periods to achieve more efficient control of typhoid and paratyphoid fever.

Key words: Typhoid, Paratyphoid fever, Incidence, Epidemiological characteristics, Temporal trend

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