热带病与寄生虫学

热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2026, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (2): 70-75.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.02.002

• 结核病防控专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

2005—2024年新疆维吾尔自治区学生和教师肺结核发病趋势分析

帕孜丽亚·艾尼(), 依帕尔·艾海提(), 王森路, 王明哲, 王乐, 珠丽德孜·巴衣别克, 刘年强()   

  1. 新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心（新疆维吾尔自治区预防医学科学院）， 新疆乌鲁木齐 830002
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-29 出版日期:2026-04-20 发布日期:2026-05-29
  • 通信作者: 刘年强，E-mail: 15779683@qq.com
  • 作者简介:帕孜丽亚·艾尼，女，硕士，主管医师，研究方向：结核病防治。E-mail: 554052146@qq.com；|依帕尔·艾海提，女，本科，实验师，研究方向：结核病防治。E-mail: 121025832@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区卫生健康青年医学科技人才专项科研项目(WJWY-202347);上海合作组织科技伙伴计划及国际科技合作计划项目(2025E01052)

Incidence trend of pulmonary tuberculosis among students and teachers in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 2005-2024

PAZILIYA Aini(), YIPAER Aihaiti(), WANG Senlu, WANG Mingzhe, WANG Le, ZHULIDEZI Bayibieke, LIU Nianqiang()   

  1. Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2025-10-29 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-05-29
  • Contact: LIU Nianqiang, E-mail: 15779683@qq.com

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摘要：

目的 了解新疆维吾尔自治区学生和教师肺结核发病变化趋势，为当地肺结核防控工作提供参考。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统获取2005—2024年新疆学生和教师肺结核报告发病数据，采用描述流行病学方法分析其流行特征，使用Joinpoint回归模型分析其发病变化情况。结果 2005—2024年全区累计报告学生和教师肺结核病例共35 101例，其中学生患者27 225例，教师患者7 876例，年均报告发病率分别为30.98/10万、130.52/10万。2005—2024年学生肺结核报告发病率总体呈下降趋势（AAPC=-5.80%，95%CI：-7.70%~-4.80%，t=-7.84，P<0.05），2016—2024年学生报告发病数在全人群中的占比呈上升趋势（APC=11.54%，95%CI：4.70%~29.60%，t=1.81，P<0.05）；教师报告发病率总体呈下降趋势（AAPC=-12.50%，95%CI：-16.60%~-10.40%，t=-7.90，P<0.05），报告发病数在全人群中的占比呈下降趋势（AAPC=-8.78%，95%CI：-10.50%~-7.50%，t=-14.10，P<0.05）。地区分布上，学生肺结核发病热点主要集中在北疆，塔城地区年均报告发病率为全疆最高（76.77/10 万）；教师肺结核发病热点主要集中在南疆，喀什地区年均报告发病率为全疆最高（257.85/10 万）。结论 2005—2024年新疆学生和教师肺结核报告发病率总体呈下降趋势，但近年来学生在全人群肺结核患者中的占比呈上升趋势。今后应继续加强重点地区的肺结核监测、筛查及规范管理，减少学校肺结核疫情发生。

关键词: 肺结核, 发病率, 学生, 教师, 流行特征, 新疆

Abstract:

Objective To understand the endemic trend of reported pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) among students and teachers in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Methods The incidence data on TB among students and teachers reported in Xinjiang from 2005 to 2024 were obtained from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiology was used to analyze the epidemiological characteristics, and the Joinpoint regression model was applied to analyze the changes trends of incidence. Results From 2005 to 2024, a total of 35 101 cases of TB among students and teachers were reported across the region, among whom 27 225 were associated with students, and 7 876 with teachers. The average annual reported incidence rate was 30.98/100 000 for students, and 130.52/100 000 for teachers. From 2005 to 2024, the overall reported incidence rate of TB among students showed an overall downward trend (AAPC=-5.80%, 95% CI: -7.70% to -4.80%, t=-7.84, P<0.05), and the proportion of reported cases in the total population presented an upward trend in 2016-2024（APC=11.54%，95%CI：4.70%~29.60%，t=1.81，P<0.05）. The overall reported incidence rate of teacher TB showed a downward trend (AAPC=-12.50%, 95% CI: -16.60% to -10.40%, t=-7.90, P<0.05), and the proportion of reported cases in the total population tended to decline correspondingly (AAPC= -8.78%, 95% CI: -10.50% to -7.50%, t=-14.10, P<0.05). Among different regions, the incidence hotspots of TB among students were mainly concentrated in Northern Xinjiang, with Tacheng Prefecture recording the highest average annual reported incidence rate across Xinjiang at 76.77/100 000. For teachers, TB incidence hotspots were predominantly in Southern Xinjiang, and Kashgar Prefecture had the highest average annual reported incidence rate in Xinjiang, standing at 257.85/100 000. Conclusion From 2005 to 2024, the reported incidence rate of TB among students and teachers in Xinjiang showed a downward trend in general. However, in recent years, the proportion of students among all TB cases tended to rise. In the future, TB monitoring, screening, and standardized management should be strengthened in the targeted areas to reduce the occurrence of TB in schools.

Key words: Tuberculosis, Incidence rate, Students, Teachers, Epidemiological characteristics, Xinjiang

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