热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2024, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (5): 267-270.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2024.05.003

• 发热伴血小板减少综合征专题 • 上一篇    下一篇

2014—2023年湖南省发热伴血小板减少综合征流行特征分析

杨浩(), 张斯钰, 赵善露, 戴志辉, 卜哲妮, 陈生宝, 刘荣娇, 湛志飞, 罗垲炜()   

  1. 湖南省疾病预防控制中心,湖南长沙410153
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-04 出版日期:2024-10-20 发布日期:2024-11-15
  • 通信作者: 罗垲炜, E-mail: 87616498@qq.com
  • 作者简介:杨浩,男,硕士,副主任医师,研究方向:传染性疾病控制。E-mail: nicjoe@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    湖南省卫生健康委一般课题(财政资助项目)(W20243067)

Epidemiological characteristics analysis of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Hunan Province from 2014 to 2023

YANG Hao(), ZHANG Siyu, ZHAO Shanlu, DAI Zhihui, BU Zheni, CHEN Shengbao, LIU Rongjiao, ZHAN Zhifei, LUO Kaiwei()   

  1. Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha 410153, Hunan Province, China
  • Received:2024-06-04 Online:2024-10-20 Published:2024-11-15
  • Contact: LUO Kaiwei, E-mail: 87616498@qq.com

摘要:

目的 掌握湖南省发热伴血小板减少综合征(severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, SFTS)的流行特征,为制定防控策略提供科学依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集2014—2023年湖南省报告的SFTS病例信息,对其三间分布、就诊情况、死亡病例以及聚集性疫情等进行描述性分析。2014—2019年在郴州市永兴县、2015—2023年在娄底市新化县、2020—2023年在张家界市慈利县分别开展健康人群大别班达病毒(Bandavirus dabieense)血清学监测,血清特异性总抗体采用双抗原夹心ELISA法检测,计算健康人群大别班达病毒抗体阳性率。结果 2014—2023年湖南省共报告59例SFTS病例,死亡1例,年均发病率为0.006 6/10万。湖南省14个地市中共有7个地市报告SFTS病例,其中报告病例数居前3位的地市分别为怀化市(39例)、岳阳市(8例)和张家界市(6例)。2014—2023年湖南省SFTS发病有明显的季节性特征,主要集中在6—11月,共报告病例48例,占总报告病例数的81.35%。报告病例中男性32例,女性27例;年龄主要集中在50~79岁,共报告病例50例,占总报告病例数的84.75%;职业主要为农民,占89.83%(53/59)。共报告聚集性疫情2起,其中1起因人际传播引起,另1起因蜱虫叮咬传播引起。人群血清学监测7 055人,其中大别班达病毒抗体阳性158人,抗体阳性率为2.24%。结论 2014—2023年湖南省SFTS发病呈现增长趋势,应加强医务人员培训,提高基层医疗机构诊疗水平,避免因漏诊误诊而延误治疗、暴发疫情,同时加强健康教育,提高个人防护意识,降低感染风险。

关键词: 发热伴血小板减少综合症, 流行特征, 聚集性疫情, 血清学监测, 湖南省

Abstract:

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in population in Hunan Province for scientific basis in formulating prevention and control strategies. Method The cases of SFTS reported in Hunan Province between 2014 and 2023 were retrieved from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, and descriptively analyzed regarding the temporal, population and regional distribution, the patients′ visits, death cases and clusters. In addition, between 2014 and 2019, 2015 and 2023, and 2020 and 2023, we conducted serological surveillance on the Bandavirus dabieense in healthy population in Yongxing County of Chenzhou City, Xinhua County of Loudi City and Cili County of Zhangjiajie City, respectively. The serum-specific total antibody was detected by double antigen sandwich ELISA. Finally, the positive rate of DBV antibody in healthy population was calculated. Results A total of 59 cases of SFTS were reported in Hunan Province from 2014 to 2023, and only one death occurred. The average annual incidence was 0.006 6/100 000. Of the 14 cities in Hunan Province, SFTS cases were reported in 7 cities, in which the top three cities were Huaihua (39 cases), Yueyang (8 cases) and Zhangjiajie (6 cases). SFTS was prevalent in typical seasonal fashion in Hunan Province from 2014 to 2023, and dominated in between June and November, during which a total of 48 cases were reported and accounted for 81.35% of the total reported cases. Among the reported cases, 32 were males and 27 females. The age was mainly in 50-79 years old, in whom 50 cases were reported, accounting for 84.75% of the total reported cases. The occupation was mainly associated with farmers (89.83%, 53/59). A total of 2 clusters of epidemics were reported, one of which was caused by human-to-human transmission, and the other was caused by tick bites. A total of 7 055 people underwent serological detection, which revealed positive DBV antibody in 158 (2.24%). Conclusion The incidence of SFTS in Hunan Province shows an increasing trend from 2014 to 2023. The findings suggest that it is necessary to strengthen the training of medical personnel, improve the diagnostic level of grassroots medical institutions, avoid delaying patient treatment and causing outbreaks due to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. At the same time, health education and awareness of personal protection should be improved in order to reduce the risk of infection.

Key words: Server fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, Epidemiological characteristics, Cluster epidemics, Serological surveillance, Hunan Province

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