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20 June 2026, Volume 24 Issue 3 Previous Issue   

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SPECIAL TOPIC ON MOSQUITO-BORNE INFECTIOUS DISEASES PREVENTION AND CONTROL

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Epidemic characteristics of deaths from major mosquito-borne infectious diseases in China, 2005-2025 YUE Yujuan, ZHAO Chunchun, REN Dongsheng 2026, 24 (3):  129-134,148.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.03.001 Abstract ( 62 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF (1730KB) ( 67 )   Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of fatal cases associated with major mosquito-borne infectious diseases in China for a reference for prevention and control of this infection. Methods Data on fatal cases of dengue fever, malaria and Japanese encephalitis (JE) reported in China from 2005 to 2025 were collected from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiology was applied to analyze the temporal, regional and demographic distribution characteristics of these deaths, as well as the time intervals between disease onset, diagnosis, and death. Results From 2005 to 2025, a total of 431 542 cases of dengue fever, malaria, and JE were reported nationwide, including 2 312 fatal cases. Overall, the number of deaths showed fluctuating downward trend. Fifteen deaths occurred in the 152 739 cases of dengue fever (case fatality rate: 0.01%), and 361 and 1 936 deaths were from 239 371 cases of malaria (case fatality rate: 0.15%) and 39 432 cases of JE (case fatality rate: 4.91%), respectively. By temporal distribution, the deaths involved in dengue fever were dominant from August to October (86.67%), yet the deaths from malaria showed no obvious seasonality. The deaths caused by JE were mostly from June to September (96.07%). By regional distribution, the highest number of deaths from dengue fever, malaria and JE were reported respectively in Guangdong Province (11 cases, 73.33%), Yunnan Province (93 cases, 25.76%) and Guizhou Province (284 cases, 14.67%). In terms of demographic characteristics, dengue fever deaths were predominantly observed in the age group of 40 years and older (13 cases, 86.67%), mainly consisting of house workers and unemployed individuals (4 cases, 26.67%) and retirees (3 cases, 20.00%). Male-to-female ratio was up to 11.03∶1 for the deaths from malaria, and the cases were mostly seen in the age group of 30-59 years (274 cases, 75.90%), with farmers (126 cases, 34.90%), migrant workers (56 cases, 15.51%) and industrial workers (53 cases, 14.68%) constituting the top three in terms of occupational proportions. Deaths from JE were concentrated in the 0-9 years group (1 112 cases, 57.44%), dominated by children living at home (765 cases, 39.51%), farmers (474 cases, 24.48%) and students (409 cases, 21.13%). The median interval from onset to death was 7 days for all three infections. Conclusion Overall, the number of fatal cases of major mosquito-borne infectious diseases in China exhibited a downward trend. Deaths from dengue fever were sporadic and rare, and mortality associated with malaria and JE has been effectively reduced. It is recommended that, in light of the epidemiological characteristics of major mosquito-borne infectious diseases, efforts be continuously strengthened in surveillance and early warning, vector control, case management and treatment as well as health education, in order to further reduce the mortality burden posed by these diseases. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic polymorphism and interspecific evolution of the PfAP2-I gene coding sequence in Plasmodium falciparum DUAN Yiwen, CHEN Shenbo, CHEN Junhu, SHEN Haimo 2026, 24 (3):  135-141.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.03.002 Abstract ( 31 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (1047KB) ( 32 )   Objective To investigate the genetic diversity, population differentiation, population genetic structure and interspecific evolutionary patterns of the PfAP2-I gene coding sequence (CDS) in Plasmodium falciparum from different geographic regions,so as to provide evidences for elucidating the conservation and functional constraints of its key functional domains. Methods The PfAP2-I reference sequence and population genomic data were downloaded from PlasmoDB and the Pf3k project, and a CDS dataset of PfAP2-I from 13 countries was constructed. Software MEGA, DnaSP, KaKs_Calculator, Arlequin, STRUCTURE and NETWORK were applied to analyze genetic diversity, selection pressure, population differentiation, population structure and haplotype networks. Furthermore, an interspecific phylogenetic tree was reconstructed based on orthologous genes. Results A total of 390 PfAP2-I gene CDS from 13 countries were included, with a CDS length of 4 794 bp. The number of haplotypes ranged from 5 to 18 among the samples from different countries, with the highest count measured in the samples from Bangladesh (18 haplotypes) and the lowest in samples from Myanmar (5 haplotypes). Haplotype diversity varied between 0.506 and 0.943. The overall nucleotide diversity was low, with a maximum value of 0.013, predominantly located outside the DNA-binding domains, and no obvious diversity peaks were observed within the three DNA-binding domains. Tajima’s D values were below zero in all populations. Ka/Ks values were below 1 for samples from most countries. Analyses of FST, haplotype network and population structure all showed evident differentiation between African and Southeast Asian populations. The interspecific phylogenetic tree showed clear clustering of AP2-I genes among different Plasmodium species, with a certain degree of host-related clustering. Conclusion The CDS of PfAP2-I gene is relatively conserved,with higher conservation in the key DNA-binding related regions and certain properties of geographical differentiation, suggesting that this gene may be under strong functional constraint. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationships and lag effects between Aedes albopictus density and meteorological factors SHU Ling, WU Yue, WANG Ping, WANG Zihao, ZHONG Peisong, LIU Hongxia, WANG Qiaoyan 2026, 24 (3):  142-148.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.03.003 Abstract ( 40 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF (5122KB) ( 38 )   Objective To investigate the relationships and lag effects between Aedes albopictus density and meteorological factors, for scientific evidences for rational monitoring and early risk warning of mosquito-borne diseases. Methods Aedes albopictus surveillance data and concurrent meteorological records from April to October 2023 were collected in Jiading District, Shanghai. The mosquito ovitrap index (MOI) and landing index (LI) were used as indicators of Aedes albopictus density. The generalized additive model and the distributed lag nonlinear model were used to analyze the nonlinear effects of and lag effects between meteorological factors and Aedes albopictus density. Results From April to October 2023, Aedes albopictus density in Jiading District, Shanghai, showed significantly seasonal fluctuations. The logarithm of MOI was nonlinearly and positively correlated with daily average temperature (F=12.05, P<0.01) and daily minimum temperature (F=12.56, P<0.01), linearly and positively correlated with daily cumulative rainfall (F=9.32, P<0.05) and daily average relative humidity (F=10.60, P<0.01). The lag effects of meteorological factors on MOI were as follows: when the daily maximum temperature was 38.6 ℃, the relative risk (RR) peaked at lag 5 days (RR=2.5, 95%CI: 1.3-3.8); at a daily minimum temperature of 26.3 ℃, the maximum RR was observed at lag 5 days (RR=2.9, 95%CI: 2.6-3.3); under daily cumulative rainfall of 157.0 mm, the maximum RR was observed at lag 0 day (RR=1.6, 95%CI: 1.2-2.3); and at a daily average relative humidity of 52.1%, the maximum RR was observed at lag 0-1 day (RR=20.0, 95%CI: 12.1-38.5). The logarithm of LI was nonlinearly and positively correlated with daily average temperature (F=13.32, P<0.01), daily minimum temperature (F=13.63, P<0.01), daily cumulative rainfall (F=6.16, P<0.05) and daily average relative humidity (F=9.33, P<0.05), whereas showed linear and positive correlation with daily maximum temperature (F=9.76, P<0.01). The lag effects of meteorological factors on LI were as follows: at a daily average temperature of 15.0 ℃, the maximum RR was observed at lag 5 days (RR=57.5, 95%CI: 20.1-113.6); at a daily cumulative rainfall of 157.0 mm, the maximum RR was observed at lag 0 day (RR=7.8, 95%CI: 2.7-12.5); for daily average relative humidity, the maximum RR was 3.2 (95%CI: 1.5-4.9) at 88.0% with a lag of 5 days, and 6.7 (95%CI: 3.4-10.1) at 52.1% with a lag of 30 days. Conclusion The temperature, rainfall, and average relative humidity are associated with the density of Aedes albopictus in Jiading District, Shanghai, with temperature and rainfall showing obvious lagged effects on its density. It is recommended to combine meteorological factors with mosquito vector monitoring to guide local prevention and early warning of mosquito-borne diseases. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and analysis on the prevention and control capacity following malaria elimination in Shanghai ZHU Min, ZHANG Chengang, WANG Zhenyu, ZHANG Yaoguang, CHEN Jian, YU Qing 2026, 24 (3):  149-152,165.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.03.004 Abstract ( 44 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (521KB) ( 32 )   Objective To understand the current status of malaria prevention and control capacity in Shanghai after malaria elimination for reference for sustaining the elimination achievements. Methods By field interviews and questionnaire responses, we conducted a survey on the status of malaria practitioners in center for disease control and prevention (CDC) in Shanghai, as well as the awareness and knowledge towards malaria prevention and treatment among the employees in health institutions. The data related to malaria surveillance, prevention and control from 2017 to 2025 in Shanghai were collected to analyze the competence of the practitioners in case reporting, diagnosis and treatment, and emergency response capability of the institutions. Results In total, there were 81 malaria control professionals at the CDC in urban Shanghai, most of whom were part-time staff (n=59; 72.84%), and 40 (49.38%) had fewer than 5 years of experience in malaria prevention and control. A total of 840 malaria control?related personnel from 84 general hospitals at or above the second level were surveyed, with 835 valid questionnaires recovered and 8 350 questions answered. The overall awareness rate of malaria control knowledge was 94.07% (7 855/8 350). The awareness rates for epidemiology, clinical diagnosis and treatment, prevention and control, and laboratory testing were 93.85% (2 351/2 505), 95.33% (2 388/2 505), 92.34% (2 313/2 505) and 96.17% (803/835), respectively. The difference was statistically significant (χ2=27.442, P<0.05). From 2017 to 2025, a total of 371 malaria cases were reported. The majority of the cases were associated with Plasmodium falciparum malaria (302 cases, 81.40%). Critical, severe and mild cases accounted for 5.93% (22/371), 69.27% (257/371), and 24.80% (92/371), respectively. The correct rate of initial diagnosis was 71.16% (264/371), in which 79.53% (136/171) occurred at the municipal-level institutions, 74.10% (103/139) at the district-level institutions, and 40.98% (25/61) at institutions of other levels. The time from symptom onset to confirmed diagnosis ranged from 0 to 52 days, with a median of 1 (0, 3) day, and the rate of diagnosis within one day was 60.65% (225/371). The cure rate of reported cases was 99.19% (368/371). The timeliness rates for case reporting, case review, and epidemic response were all 100.00%. The rate of timely individual case investigation and reporting within 2 days was 99.19% (368/371), and the rate of timely investigation and response at the epidemic focus within 3 days was 96.79% (241/249). All reported cases were imported from overseas, and no secondary transmission occurred. Conclusion Shanghai has built an effective capacity system for malaria prevention and control, and continues to maintain its malaria-elimination status. Nevertheless, further efforts are needed to deepen the integration of medical treatment and disease prevention, strengthen personnel training, and optimize the guarantee mechanism for diagnosis and treatment of patients. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological characteristics and emergency response to Chikungunya fever in Qingxiu District, Nanning, 2025 WEI Zhenming, ZHOU Qing, PANG Yan, LIANG Chunxiang, LU Lu, LIANG Hao, HUANG Yuyuan 2026, 24 (3):  153-158.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.03.005 Abstract ( 49 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (955KB) ( 29 )   Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and emergency response of Chikungunya fever epidemic in Qingxiu District, Nanning City in 2025, so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of mosquito-borne infectious diseases in urban areas. Methods The data of confirmed Chikungunya fever cases with current residential address in Qingxiu District reported between August 11 and November 6, 2025 were retrieved through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Combined with data from field investigations and response efforts, we analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of the cases, including their spatial-temporal-personal distribution, diagnosis and treatment status, clustering patterns, and source-tracing results, and summarized the implementation of emergency response measures such as case search and management, vector surveillance, and mosquito vector control. Results A total of 341 Chikungunya fever cases were reported in Qingxiu District in 2025, including 287 indigenous cases (84.16%) and 54 imported cases (15.84%). The incidence peaked between August and October (n=333; 97.65%) with a bimodal distribution. Geographically, indigenous cases were predominantly clustered in the three subdistricts of Jianzheng, Nanhu and Xinzhu in the downtown area (n=243; 84.67%). The male-female sex ratio of indigenous cases was 1.05∶1, with the majority aged 60 years and above (n=75; 26.13%), and administrative staff constituted the leading occupational group (n=60; 20.91%). Among imported cases, the male-female sex ratio was 1.57∶1, dominated by patients aged 20-39 years (n=18; 33.33%), and students ranked first by occupation (n=13; 24.07%). Most cases were identified via voluntary medical consultation (n=314; 92.08%). Joint pain served as the most common initial symptom at first consultation (n=145; 42.52%), and 29.33%（100/341） of patients presented with the classic triad of fever, rash and arthralgia. Among all confirmed cases, 284 (83.28%) had verifiable spatiotemporal exposure history or epidemiological links to confirmed patients. Fifteen community-based clustered outbreaks were identified, all resulting from community transmission, involving 162 indigenous cases (47.51%). Source-tracing confirmed Shiyou Residential Quarter in Jianzheng Subdistrict as a critical high-risk site for the early transmission of this epidemic. During emergency response, whole-genome sequencing of viruses revealed high homology among the 13 isolated viral strains, with sequence similarities over 99.00% when compared with the viral strains circulating in Guangdong Province. Household screening was implemented across 490 residential compounds within the core epidemic zones, which achieved an effective household rate of 89.32% (50 678 /56 740). A total of 1 961 high-risk individuals were screened, with a positive detection rate of 1.38% (27/1 961). Vector surveillance indicated that the initial Breteau index (BI) at some epidemic foci in the core area exceeded the safety threshold, and the BI values of 95.48% of theaffected sites fell below the safety threshold after targeted interventions. Aedes albopictus was identified as the dominant mosquito species, and no Aedes aegypti was found. Sustained disinfection and vector control efforts were carried out at 444 priority sites across the whole district, which covered a total area of 21.509 6 million square meters. Conclusion Chikungunya fever epidemic in Qingxiu District in 2025 was featured by community-clustered indigenous transmission and closely linked to imported cases from Guangdong Province. Failure in timely identification of early importation sources suggests that it is essential to improve the sensitivity of hospital-based syndrome surveillance. Meanwhile, active case finding, breeding site elimination and targeted vector control should be prioritized as core strategies for prevention and control of Chikungunya fever in urban areas. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

CONTROL STUDY

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Mortality trends and potential gains in life expectancy from respiratory tract infections in China, 2004-2021 ZHAO Jin, LI Yaman, YANG Xuewen 2026, 24 (3):  159-165.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.03.006 Abstract ( 21 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF (1465KB) ( 18 )   Objective To analyze the mortality trends of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in China from 2004 to 2021, and to assess the impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during COVID-19 epidemic on RTIs mortality, as well as to quantify the potential effect of RTIs on potential gains in life expectancy. Methods Data on the deaths from RTIs between 2004 and 2021 were collected from the Chinese National Cause of Death Surveillance Dataset. The crude mortality rate (CMR) of RTIs was standardized to calculate the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR). The Joinpoint regression model was applied to analyze the temporal trends of RTIs mortality. The autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous variables (ARIMAX) model was constructed to estimate the impact of NPIs. Potential gains in life expectancy (PGLEs) were used to quantify the impact of RTIs on life expectancy. Results From 2004 to 2021, both the CMR and ASMR of RTIs in China showed an overall declining trend (AAPC=-2.10%, -5.65%; t=-2.79, -2.94; all P<0.05), and the overall ASMRs tended to decline in both males and females (AAPC=-4.49%, -7.64%; t=-2.68, -4.57; all P<0.05) as well as in rural areas (AAPC=-7.37%, t=-5.46, P<0.001), whereas the overall trend remained no statistical significance in urban areas (AAPC=-3.10%, t=-1.63, P>0.05). The ASMRs in eastern, central and western regions all presented declining trends over the period (AAPC=-4.38%, -6.93%, -5.58%; t=-3.40, -4.67, -2.28; all P<0.05). The ARIMAX model revealed that NPIs were significantly associated with a 3.15-unit reduction in ASMR (P<0.05), and counterfactual analysis indicated that NPIs reduced ASMR by 33.80% and 41.16% in 2020 and 2021, respectively. PGLEs decreased from 0.38 years in 2004 to 0.15 years in 2021, with PGLEs being higher in females (0.30 years) than in males (0.17 years), and higher in rural areas (0.31 years) than in urban areas (0.03 years). Additionally, PGLEs were higher in western regions than those in eastern and central regions (0.47 years vs. 0.09 and 0.14 years, respectively). Conclusion RTIs mortality in China has generally declined, with NPIs significantly reducing the RTIs mortality burden during 2020-2021. The impact of RTIs on life expectancy has gradually weakened, yet significant disparities exist across regions and populations. These findings suggest that prevention and control efforts should be grounded among the elderly and rural residents, while normalizing the protective measures on a long-term basis. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The antibody monitoring results of avian influenza virus in the external environments and occupational exposure populations in Anhui Province from 2022 to 2024 FANG Weixi, GUI Hongya, YU Junling, LI Chun, LUO Wanrong, SUN Yong, FENG Yujie, HE Jun 2026, 24 (3):  166-171.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.03.007 Abstract ( 22 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (958KB) ( 12 )   Objective To understand the distribution of avian influenza viruses in the external environment of Anhui Province and the antibody levels of occupational exposure populations for scientific evidence for controlling avian influenza outbreaks. Methods According to the avian influenza-related monitoring plan, we collected environmental pathogen detection of avian influenza and serological surveys on occupationally exposed groups in Anhui Province during 2022 and 2024. All samples from urban and rural live poultry markets, large-scale poultry farms, concentrated areas of poultry free-range farmers, poultry slaughterhouses and processing plants, and wild bird habitats. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was applied to detect the nucleic acid of avian influenza A virus in the samples, and positive specimens were further tested for H5, H7, and H9 subtypes. Antibody monitoring was conducted for the occupational populations exposed to avian influenza Hefei, Ma’anshan, Fuyang, and Chizhou. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to statistically analyze the monitoring results in the four cities. Results From 2022 to 2024, a total of 3 919 environmental samples for avian influenza were obtained in Anhui Province, with 1 455 samples tested positive for influenza A virus nucleic acid, and a positive rate of 37.13%. The positive samples were mainly of the H9 subtype (1 158 specimens, 79.59%), and there were mixed positive specimens of H5+H9 and H7+H9. The positive rate was relatively high from July to September and from November to January of following year(42.49%，41.03%). Among the monitoring sites, the positive rate was the highest in poultry slaughterhouses and processing plants (52.27%). Of the samples, the positive rate of wastewater from poultry cleaning was the highest (46.36%), and the difference was significant in the positive rates among different sites and specimen types (χ2=283.922, 76.204; both P<0.001). A total of 1 025 aliquots of serum samples were obtained from the occupational exposure populations, in which positive findings were seen in 70 samples, with a positive rate of 6.83%. In the single subtypes, H5N6 positive accounted for the highest proportion (52.86%, 37/70). Among all cities, the highest antibody positive rate was seen in occupational exposure populations in Hefei (10.19%). Among various sites, the concentrated areas of poultry free-range farmers (9.86%), with H5N6 and H10N3 antibody positive samples all from the concentrated areas of poultry free-range farmers. Conclusion There are multiple subtypes of avian influenza viruses in the external environment of Anhui Province, with the H9 subtype being the main one. H5N6 subtype is more seen in the occupationally exposed populations with positive serum antibodies. It is recommended to focus on strengthening the supervision of high-risk sites like urban and rural live poultry markets, conducting avian influenza prevention and control publicity for poultry free-range farmers, and continuously implementing avian influenza monitoring to reduce the risk of human infection with highly pathogenic strains like H5N6. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The treatment outcomes and influencing factors in rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Sichuan Province, 2017-2023 ZHONG Yin, XIA Lan, LI Yunkui, XIONG Yan, WANG Danxia, LI Ting 2026, 24 (3):  172-176,封三.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.03.008 Abstract ( 27 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (897KB) ( 12 )   Objective To analyze the registration and medication status, treatment outcome and influencing factors among patients with rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (RR-PTB) in Sichuan Province. Methods The data of RR-PTB patients registered in Sichuan Province from 2017 to 2023 was obtained from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System, with the registration and treatment outcomes of these patients analyzed. Joinpoint regression model analysis was performed to identify the changing trends of related indicators, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the influencing factors of successful treatment. Results From 2017 to 2023, a total of 4 561 RR-PTB patients were registered in Sichuan Province, with a registration rate of 0.78/100 000. The registration rate showed an overall upward trend (AAPC=13.760%, 95%CI: 4.453% to 24.065%, t=3.545, P<0.05); The enrollment rate of RR-PTB patients in treatment was 91.78%, which presented an overall increasing trend (AAPC=5.240%, 95%CI: 4.050% to 6.368%, t=5.574, P<0.001). The successful treatment rate of RR-PTB patients was 78.28%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that RR-PTB patients with characteristics of male sex(OR=1.379, 95%CI: 1.142 to 1.665), ethnic minority status (OR=2.652, 95%CI:1.850 to 3.803), migrant household registration (OR=2.056, 95%CI: 1.628 to 2.597), residence in western Sichuan (OR=2.006, 95%CI: 1.389 to 2.897), retreatment history (OR=1.191, 95%CI: 1.018 to 1.394), multidrug resistance (OR=1.278, 95%CI: 1.082 to 1.508), and quasi-extensive/extensive resistance (OR=1.595, 95%CI: 1.104 to 2.304) had a lower treatment success rate. Patients with PTB who were in the 15-39 age group (OR=0.375, 95%CI: 0.190 to 0.743), whose occupations were student (OR=0.348, 95%CI: 0.216 to 0.560) or worker (OR=0.398, 95%CI: 0.177 to 0.856), had a higher treatment success rate. Conclusion The registration rate and treatment enrollment rate of RR-PTB patients in Sichuan Province have continued to increase, yet there are differences in population and regions. These findings suggest that it is necessary to strengthen precise prevention and full-course management for male, ethnic minorities, floating population, retreated patients and those residing in western Sichuan, as well as to optimize resource allocation and continuously improve the levels of standardized diagnosis, treatment and case management. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of pulmonary tuberculosis among the elderly population in Wuhan from 2010 to 2025 LU Zhouqin, ZHANG Zhengbin, WU Gang, WANG Xiaojun, WANG Jianjie, ZHOU Meilan, LI Tao, DU Xin, LI Yuehua 2026, 24 (3):  177-182.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.03.009 Abstract ( 22 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF (1181KB) ( 12 )   Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and changing trends of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB) in the elderly aged 60 and above in Wuhan City, for evidences to optimize the tuberculosis prevention and control strategies targeting. Methods Data on the elderly PTB cases reported in Wuhan City from 2010 to 2025 were retrieved through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the patterns of temporal, regional and demographic distribution.The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the overall incidence trend and stratified trend grouped by different demographic characteristics. Results From 2010 to 2025, a total of 31 038 cases of PTB were identified among the elderly aged 60 and above in Wuhan City, with an average annual reported incidence rate of 108.00 per 100 000 population. The reported incidence rate was decreased from 125.80/100 000 in 2010 to 111.53/100 000 in 2025. The number of reported cases was relatively high from March to October (n=21 944; 70.70%). The reported incidence rate was higher in males than in females (173.89/100 000 vs. 56.71/100 000), and was the highest in 80-84 years age group (145.60/100 000). Additionally, the reported incidence rate was higher in the population living in the remote urban area than those living in the central urbran districts (138.26/100 000 vs. 87.89/100 000), and retirees constituted the highest proportion of cases (n=10 830; 34.89%). Joinpoint analysis results showed that the overall trend of the reported incidence rate of PTB among the elderly in Wuhan City from 2010 to 2025 had no statistical significance (AAPC=-0.94%, 95%CI: -2.05% to 0.18%, t=-1.64, P>0.05). The incidence presented a decline trend from 2010 to 2020 (APC=-3.08%, 95%CI: -4.13% to -2.03%, t=-6.36, P<0.001), followed by an upward trend from 2020 to 2025 (APC=3.49%, 95%CI: 0.33% to 6.77%, t=2.43, P<0.05). The overall trend of the reported incidence rate of bacteriologically positive PTB among the elderly was not statistically significant (AAPC=0.20%, 95%CI:-1.84% to 2.28%, t=0.19, P>0.05), among which there was a downward trend from 2010 to 2016 (APC=-6.80%, 95%CI: -10.89% to -2.53%, t=-3.46, P<0.05), and an upward trend from 2016 to 2025 (APC=5.15%, 95%CI: 2.64% to 7.73%, t=4.57, P<0.001). The overall reported incidence rate of PTB among males showed a downward trend (AAPC=-3.20%, 95%CI: -4.32% to -2.07%, t=-5.99, P<0.001), and among those in the 60-64 and 70-74 years age groups presented a downward trend (AAPC=-2.30%, -2.43%, 95%CI: -4.43% to -1.54%, -3.66% to -1.19%, t=-4.38, -4.18, both P<0.001). The overall reported incidence rate in the elderly population living in the central urban area exhibited an overall upward trend (AAPC=6.41%, 95%CI: 4.37% to 8.50%, t=6.28, P<0.001). Conclusion The PTB epidemic among the elderly in Wuhan City remains severe. Special attention should be paid to male residents and those living in outer suburban areas. Targeted measures, including strengthened active screening, standardized diagnosis and treatment, as well as follow-up management, are recommended to curb the tuberculosis epidemic among the elderly. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

INVESTIGATION STUDY

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Epidemiological investigation on the intestinal parasite infections in dogs and cats in Chengdu City, 2025 ZHANG Suping, TIE Lei, DENG Xiu, LUO Jingwen, SHANG Jingye, ZHANG Xiaopeng, LIU Yang 2026, 24 (3):  183-187.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.03.010 Abstract ( 30 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF (1404KB) ( 26 )   Objective To understand the prevalence patterns and epidemiological characteristics of intestinal parasitic infections in dogs and cats in Chengdu area, and provide scientific evidence for targeted prevention and control of parasitic infections in local pets. Methods From July to September 2025, we selected two residential communities, two pet stores and one veterinary clinic as survey sites in Chengdu City by stratified sampling, and collected fresh fecal samples of dogs and cats aged ≥3 months from household, for-sale/boarding and outpatient. Intestinal parasites were detected by modified Kato-Katz thick smear, iodine staining and normal saline smears. The parasitic infection status in pets with different species and breeding scenarios was analyzed. Results A total of 750 fecal samples of dogs and cats were harvested. The total infection rate was 9.07% (68/750), among which the infection rate of dogs was 10.29% (36/350), and that of cats was 8.00% (32/400). There was no statistically significant difference (χ2=1.18, P>0.05). The overall infection rates of dogs and cats in outpatient, household, and for-sale/boarding were 11.14% (39/350), 12.00% (24/200) and 2.50% (5/200), respectively, with a statistically significant difference (χ2=14.38, P<0.001). A total of 4 intestinal protozoan species (Tritrichomonas foetus, Isospora, Blastocystis spp. and Giardia lamblia) and 8 helminth species (roundworm, Dipylidium caninum, Spirometra mansoni, hookworm, Trichuris trichura, Alaria spp., Paragonimus spp.and Capillaria spp.) were detected. The infection rates of Tritrichomonas foetus (1.73%) and roundworm (1.60%) were relatively high. Monospecific infection was predominant in all positive cases (91.18%, 62/68), among which 64.52% (40/62), 35.48% (22/62) of the infections were involved respectively in intestinal protozoa and intestinal helminths. Mixed infections accounted for 8.82% (6/68), dominated by co-infection with two parasite species (5 cases). In terms of the animals fed in different environments, four protozoan species were detected in household dogs and cats, three species in pets from veterinary clinics, yet no protozoa were detected in pets for sale or in boarding care. For intestinal helminths, three helminthic species were identified in clinic dogs, five in clinic cats, and five in household dogs, whereas only roundworms were detected in pet cats as well as in both dogs and cats for sale or at boarding conditions. Mixed infections only occurred in pets from veterinary clinics. Conclusion Intestinal parasite infections in dogs and cats in Chengdu City are diverse with evident zoonotic risks. The infection rate is strongly related to housing scenarios. Our findings suggest that it is necessary to develop scenario-targeted control strategies and strengthen pet owners' awareness of epidemic prevention and encourage regular deworming. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY

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Molecular tracing analysis of vaccine-associated polioviruses based on the Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm CHAI Yu, CHEN Wei, CHENG Xiaodong, SU Ying, HE Jiali, LUO Jing, WANG Binbing, WANG Zhijun, DONG Zilu, WANG Xin, DONG Yan, XU Qinghua 2026, 24 (3):  188-193.  doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.03.011 Abstract ( 19 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF (876KB) ( 20 )   Objective To calculate the initial origin time of vaccine-associated poliovirus (PVa) and infer the source of the strain. Methods The viral VP1 sequence was obtained through cell culture and sequencing of type Ⅰ and type Ⅲ PVa isolated from a child’s fecal specimen. Then, based on VP1 region nucleotide sequences of type Ⅰ and Ⅲ poliovirus vaccine strains with documented evolutionary histories, the evolutionary rates for each type were calculated using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) model, from which the initial origin time of PVa was further estimated accordingly. Results Two strains of type Ⅰ PVa and four strains of type Ⅲ PVa were detected in the stool samples of this child. The initial origin time of type Ⅰ was from December 2021 to March 2022, and type Ⅲ, from August to November 2022, all of which were earlier than the date of administering the bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) on February 28, 2023. No PVa was detected in the stool samples of the close contacts of this child. Conclusion Although MCMC model can provide a novel idea for estimating the initial origin time of PVa, yet its scientific validity still requires further verifying. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics