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10 June 2015, Volume 13 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effects of shellfish polysaccharide on the molecular expression of JAK-STAT transduction pathways in HepG2.2.15 cells Zhan Xiaodong, Wang Kexia. 2015, 13 (2):  63-65.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.02.001 Abstract ( 2235 )   PDF (453KB) ( 1245 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To understand the influence of shellfish polysaccharide on the molecular expression of JAK-STAT transduction pathways in HepG2.2.15 cells. Methods  After treatment with shellfish polysaccharides, the expression levels of STAT1 and STAT2 mRNA in HepG2.2.15 cells in different phase were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results  RT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of the STAT1and STAT2 mRNAs in HepG2.2.15 cells treated with shellfish polysaccharides were significantly up-regulated as compared with the control group (P<0.05), which suggested the HepG2.2.15 could respond to the shellfish polysaccharides. Conclusion  The shellfish polysaccharide has certain inhibitory effect on hepatitis B virus(HBV), and its mechanism looks similar to the INF-α. Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological characteristics and temporal-spatial clustering analysis on tuberculosis in Shitai County from 2005 to 2014 Zhang Qian, Chen Xuefeng, Cheng Jin, Zhuo Yinghong, Yin Cheng 2015, 13 (2):  66-68,119.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.02.002 Abstract ( 2312 )   PDF (568KB) ( 1283 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To understand the spatial and temporal distribution of tuberculosis(TB) in Shitai County of Anhui Province, China. Methods  Case data of TB were sourced from the disease surveillance information reporting system, and analyzed using software of SPSS(version 20), SaTScan(version 9.3) and ArcGIS(version 10.2). Results A total of 1 297 TB cases were reported from 2005 to 2014 in Shitai County. The annual average morbidity rate of TB was 127.82 cases in 100 000 population, and the prevalence was higher in male than female and increased with ages. Highest prevalence was found in population over 75 years(339.37 cases per 100 000 population), and farmers accounted for 84.30% of the total cases. TB prevalence was not associated with seasons, yet was differently distributed in towns and villages. The highest prevalence was in Dayan town(167.56 cases per 100 000 population). Temporal-spatial clustering analysis indicated two spatial and temporal clusters, in which one serious cluster was involved in Dingxiang, Xiaohe, Xianyu, Jitan and Dayan areas. Conclusion  The burden of TB appears still high in Shitai County, where indicates spatial and temporal distribution. The findings suggest that TB prevention and control work must be targeted at the focus population and critical areas. Related Articles | Metrics

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Current iodine nutritional status in population in Wuhu City after implementation of the new iodized salt concentration standard Cui Chun, Yu Cneng, Chen Yong, Zhang Yan 2015, 13 (2):  69-71,78.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.02.003 Abstract ( 2084 )   PDF (422KB) ( 1105 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To investigate the current iodine nutritional status in population in Wuhu City after practice of the new iodized salt concentration standard for scientific basis to accurately rectify the iodine supplementation in table salt. Methods  Iodine nutrition status and dietary intake of salt were surveyed in children and pregnant women as well as civilians in 8 counties/districts in Wuhu City from 2011 to 2014. The salt iodine concentration was measured by direct titration technique, and the chuan salt and other fortified salt were tested by the method of arbitration (GB/T 13025.7-1999). Urinary iodine was determined with arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry (WS/T 107-2006). Results  A total of 1968, 2280, 2340 and 2280 samples were respectively collected from 2011 to 2014, and corresponding median of salt iodine was 30.85mg/kg, 26.79mg/kg, 24.2mg/kg and 23.3mg/kg. The median of urinary iodine was 283.33μg/L，269.02μg/L，240.23μg/L and 207.54μg/L, respectively for children aged between 8 and 10 years, and 208.8μg/L, 193.02μg/L and 63.6μg/L for pregnant women during 2012 and 2014. Conclusion  The new standard of iodized salt concentration may satisfy the essential iodine nutrition for children aged 8~10 years, yet iodine deficiency may be present in pregnant women, who are required to give health education to raise their awareness of individual iodine supplement. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the endemic situation of schistosomiasis in Zongyang County from 2006 to 2014 Chen Jinsheng 2015, 13 (2):  72-74,100.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.02.004 Abstract ( 2405 )   PDF (563KB) ( 1057 )   【Abstract】 Objective   To analyze the endemic situation and summarize the experience of schistosomiasis control in Zongyang County from 2006 to 2014, in order to provide evidence for planning appropriate prevention and control measures in the future. Methods  The annual statistical reports and other relative databases on schistosomiasis control were collected in Zongyang County from 2006 to 2014, and analyzed in compliance with yearly human and farm cattle infection with shistosomiasis as well as changes of snail status. Results  Positive rate for pathogen was 4.20% in 2006, which was reduced to below 1%. No infections were detected in between 2013 and 2014, and no acute schistosomiasis occurred since 2011. The infection rate for farm cattle was decreased to 0.95%~3.98% from 9.34% in 2006, and the farm cattle were completely out of service in 28 endemic villages by the end of 2012. Totally, the resurgent and rebounding areas of snails(mainly found in the marshland) were 228.32hm2 and 17.86hm2, respectively, between 2006 and 2014. Snail elimination covered a net area of 123.87hm2, which accounted for 5.97% of the area with snail prevalence in 2005. The average density of live snail habitats varied from 0.417 3 to 1.182 1 snail /0.11m2, and the density of live snails remained no statistical difference in different environments. Infected snails tended to decline from 2006 to 2011, and were not detected in 2013 and 2014. Conclusion  Although endemic schistosomiasis in Zongyang County was effectively controlled after comprehensive management of the infectious sources, yet endemic snails still remain tense. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen management of the snail sources in following tasks in order to consolidate the present efforts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological trends of schistosomiasis in Eryuan County of Yunan Province: 2004 to 2013 Yang Wencan1, Wang Shoukang2 2015, 13 (2):  75-78.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.02.005 Abstract ( 2116 )   PDF (437KB) ( 1217 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of schistosomiasis in Eryuan County of Yunan province for policy decisions in consolidating the achievement. Methods  The informative data on schistosomiasis prevention and control from 2004 through 2013 were collected, and retrospectively analyzed and compared with historical records. Results  Eryuan County used to be schistosomiasis severely hit area. After 60 years of effort, the schistosomiasis endemic tended to fall year by year, and current rates of population infection and the domestic cattle infection were greatly reduced by 96.62% and 98.84%, respectively against 2004. In the past years, no single acute schistosomiasis case was reported. Areas with snail existence were reduced by 70.05% in 2013 as compared with those in 2004, and 26 villages were up to the criteria of schistosomiasis transmission interruption in 2014. Conclusion  Although the achievement is remarkable in Eryuan County in schistosomiasis prevention and control, yet some difficulties and problems are still existing, which suggests that there is long way to go to maintain the accomplishment. Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic analysis of the Oncomelania hupensis distribution in Tongling area from 2007 to 2013 Shi Xiaodong, Wang Ping, Sun Mingxiang 2015, 13 (2):  79-81,115.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.02.006 Abstract ( 2350 )   PDF (428KB) ( 1260 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To analyze the distribution characteristics, infection degree and endemic patterns of Oncomelania hupensis in Tongling area from 2007 to 2013 in order to provide evidence for planning the guidelines and strategies with control schistosomiasis to the local conditions.  Methods  Retrospective analysis was performed on the data collected from the snail habitat records and work reports on schistosomiasis prevention and control during 2007 and 2013. Data analysis was associated with the change trend of areas of snail presence, infected areas with the Oncomelania hupensis and its infection rate in different years, as well as comparison of the data, including the endemic patterns and infection degree between years. Results  From 2007 to 2013, solid area of snail appearance and snail infected area were decreased by 332.28hm2 and 29.68hm2, with decrease rate of 10.69% and 100%, respectively. Currently, the real area of snail occurrence at marshlands of the river and lake were 39.64% to 51.93% out of the total infected areas in history, and current area for snail appearance was 2.95% to 3.51% out of the hilly areas historically infected. Snail infection rate was reduced from 0.148% to 0% , and the reduction rate was 100% (χ2=27.82, P<0.01). In 7 years, the areas for newly-discovered snail habitats in marshlands of river and lake as well as hilly areas were 0hm2 and 6hm2 (accounted for 100%). Constituent ratio of the actual areas for snail occurrence at marshlands of river and lake and hilly areas were 97.66%~97.92% and 2.08%~2.34%, respectively. Conclusion  Areas for the snail appearance and areas infected with Oncomelania hupensis tend to overall decreased in Tongling. The coming control considerations for snail prevalence shall be focused on comprehensive management. Importantly, these measures should target at the distribution nature of Oncomelania hupensis at the marshlands of rivers and lakes as well as hilly areas in order to gradually exterminate the snail habitats and effectively contain the prevalence of schistosomiasis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the schistosomiasis endemic situation in Hexian County from 2008 to 2013 Ma Shichuan, Zhou Fayin, Mao Yisong 2015, 13 (2):  82-85.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.02.007 Abstract ( 2500 )   PDF (608KB) ( 1121 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To analyze the trend of schistosomiasis endemic situation in Hexian County for planning upcoming strategies in this area. Methods  The data of schistosomiasis control, including annual report, surveillance sites and routine management, in Hexian County were collected from 2008 to 2013, and vertically analyzed for the endemicity, distribution and characteristics of schistosomiasis in the past six years. Results  Overall, the average infection rate of schistosomiasis in whole population of Hexian County tended to decline. The infection rate of population was decreased from 73.3% in 2008 to 0.27% in 2013, and the number of advanced schistosomiasis cases were 27, a 55% decrease compared to 2008. No local acute infection occurred since 2011. The infection rate for cattle was also significantly dropped to zero in 2013, with a 100% decrease compared to 2008. The areas with snail showed upward trend in general, and was 802.68 hm2 by the end of 2013, with 9.1% increase compared to 2008. However, the areas with infected snails were presented with yearly decrease, and no infected snails occurred after 2012. Although there was resurgence and new recurrence of snail, yet this situation was well managed. The density of live snails and infected snails was dropped by 56.8% in 2008 from 0.16 snails/0.11m2 . Apart from that, villages and environment with live snails and infected snails were declined in yearly fashion, particularly, the habitats with infected snails were grealy decreased. Conclusion  The prevalence of schistosomiasis in Hexian County has been effectively contained, and the endemic situation remains lowest in history. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of Kato-Katz and formol-ether concentration method in diagnosis of schistosomiasis japonica Yang Guifen1, Bu Kaiming1, Wu Zhaowu1, Peng Xisong1, Fu Yinglin2, Zhou Siluo2, Liu Qili1 2015, 13 (2):  86-87,111.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.02.008 Abstract ( 2955 )   PDF (413KB) ( 1731 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To evaluate the qualitative and quantitative effect of Kato-Katz and formol-ether concentration methods in diagnosis of Schistosomiasis japonica. Methods  Kato-Katz and formol-ether concentration methods were respectively used to determine the findings by comparing with the positive results of Schistosoma japonicum eggs detected by the combined use of the two approaches in 38 cases as gold standard. Results Positive egg rate by Kato-Katz and formol-ether concentration technique was respectively 89.47% and 81.58%, and the difference was not significant after verification of the exact probability by fourfold and contingency table (P = 0.795). By mean eggs per gram(EPG) of stool from the positively infected patients, the count by Kato-Katz method was 3.6 times of that by formol-ether concentration technique, and the cost of materials and specimen preparation was 2.33 times lower in Kato-Katz method than formol-ether concentration. Conclusion  Kata-Katz method has similar detection rate to formol-ether concentration for Schistosoma japonicum eggs, yet the former can result in higher EPG value in determination of the infection density than the latter. Given quantitative study of schistosomiasis, formol-ether concentration is appropriately recommended. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prevalence of Enterobius vermicularis infection in preschool children in Wuhu areas and analysis on the influencing factors HuangJia1, Wang Shougui2, He Haiyan3, Li Yong4, HuangYue’e4 2015, 13 (2):  88-90.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.02.009 Abstract ( 2578 )   PDF (467KB) ( 1311 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To investigate the status of Enterobius vermicularis infection and its influencing factors in preschool children living in Wuhu City in order to supply scientific evidence with prevention of this infection. Methods  Cellophane anal swab was applied to collect the eggs of Enterobius vermicularis from pre-school children in regular manner. And a questionnaire, with regard to the primary information of families, hygiene habits and school environments, was conducted in the subjects. Results  Totally, the infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis was 7.42%. Single factor analysis showed higher infection rate in preschool children living in rural areas, aged 5 to 6 years old, raised by grandpa or grandma, with occasional hand washing before meals or after toilet, with low family income, change of the sheets less than once a week and use of the drugs against pinworms at no time. Unconditional logistic regression analysis on the multiple factors revealed that the risks for infection in preschoolers with Enterobius vermicularis were primarily associated with ages(5~6 years), life in rural areas and absence of practicing hand washing before meals or after toilet. Conclusion  Higher infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis was found in preschool children living rural areas of Wuhu than their urban counterparts. This indicates that control efforts should be applied to the preschooler in rural villages, aged from 5 to 6 years, and with poorer hygiene habits. Related Articles | Metrics

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Review on the prevalence, control and elimination of filariasis in history of Chaohu areas Feng Wenyi, Sha Jianjun, Huang Hao 2015, 13 (2):  91-93.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.02.010 Abstract ( 2356 )   PDF (382KB) ( 1206 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To review the prevalence, control and elimination of filariasis in history of Chaohu City. Methods  The data were reviewed from 1970 through 1989, with regard to the massive measures conducted in Chaohu City to eliminate infectious sources and block the route for transmission of filarial worms. Results  A stratified cluster sampling test conducted in 1989 demonstrated that presence of microfilariae in the host bloodstream was overall reduced to 0.032%, and brought down under 1.0% on average in individual administrative villages, which met the basic criteria for elimination of filariasis set forth by former Ministry of Health, China. This achievement was confirmed by a survey and evaluation conducted in 1991 at provincial level. Following provincial review in 1996 confirmed that Chaohu City reached the position for overall elimination of filariasis in accordance with the criteria issued by former Ministry of Health. In a 10-year period of pathogenic monitoring and follow-up intervention, no microfilaraemia occurred throughout Chaohu areas by 2005. Although 1 348 Culex pipiens pallens were microscopically identified in some of the human dwellings, yet no human filarial worms were detected in the mosquitoes. Conclusion  Chaohu City has reached the criteria for filariasis eradication. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the nutritional effects for patients with severe acute pancreatitis by three different nasoenteric feed tube placement Yang Yisha, Tang Xuejun, Liu Di, Lu Jian, Li Wenhua 2015, 13 (2):  94-96,124.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.02.011 Abstract ( 2701 )   PDF (484KB) ( 2927 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To compare the nutritional effects for patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) by conventional nasoenteric feed tube placement plus gastroprokinetic agent, nasojejunal feeding tube placement guided by endoscopic or radiological assistance. Methods  A total of 45 SAP patients were included and divided into three groups by giving different tube placement described above(n=15 for each group). The three groups were compared pertaining to the success rate of tube insertion, incidence of complications, degree of comfort before, intra-and post-insertion of the feeding tube(VAS scoring) and average retention time of the tube. Results  There was no statistical difference among the three groups regarding the success rate of tube insertion, incidences of immediate and long-term complications(including nasopharyngeal bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation, aspiration and dyspnea; pharyngitis, sinusitis, tube displacement and pulmonary infection) and average time of tube retention. However, insertion of the tube by conventional technique had lower VAS scoring and fewer complications than endoscopic or radiological assistance (P<0.05). Conclusion  Conventional nasoenteric feed tube placement and nasojejunal feeding tube placement with endoscopic or radiological assistance can be safe and reliable for patients with severe acute pancreatitis. Yet conventional tube placement should be prioritized, for it has fewer complications and favors to nutritional support and recovery, whereas endoscope-guided insertion of the feed tube is recommended for SAP patients required mechanical ventilation and continuous hemofiltration or complicated with pancreatic encephalopathy or duodenal stenosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical nursing observation on the Ventolin and Atrovent inhalation therapy for children with bronchiolitis Sun Li 2015, 13 (2):  97-98.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2302.2015.02.012 Abstract ( 2335 )   PDF (345KB) ( 1683 )   【Abstract】 Objective  To evaluate the efficacies of Ventolin with Atrovent via nebulization inhalation for therapy of children with bronchiolitis. Methods  86 children with bronchiolitis, admitted to our department between March 2012 and March 2013, were equally randomized into group A and group B. On conventional therapy basis(including supplement of clear fluids and relief of the cough), group A received Ventolin, and group B were given Atrovent through atomization inhalation. Then the two groups were compared for the nursing effects after 10 days of inhalation. Results  After 10 days of therapy and nursing, the total effective rate was 95.35% for group A and 25.59% for group B. The difference was significant(P<0.05). Some adverse reactions involved in multiple body systems occurred in the course of therapy. The incidence of adverse effect was 9.3% in group A and 34.88% in group B(P<0.05). Conclusion  Both Ventolin and Atrovent inhalation may be effective to children with bronchiolitis, yet Atrovent can be better therapeutic results with less adverse reactions. Related Articles | Metrics