
Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology ›› 2026, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (4): 246-253.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.04.011
• CASE REPORT • Previous Articles Next Articles
ZHAI Chenda1,2(
), BU Ruiping2,3, LIU Zeqi1,2, YANG Jing2(
)
Received:2026-05-06
Online:2026-08-20
Published:2026-09-29
Contact:
YANG Jing, E-mail: m13739764558_2@163.com
CLC Number:
ZHAI Chenda, BU Ruiping, LIU Zeqi, YANG Jing. Hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to visceral leishmaniasis: a case report and literature review[J]. Journal of Tropical Diseases and Parasitology, 2026, 24(4): 246-253.
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URL: http://www.rdbzz.com/EN/10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.04.011
Table1
Clinical characteristics of 42 patients with hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to visceral leishmaniasis
| 序号 | 发表年份 | 年龄 | 性别 | 确诊地区 | 接触史 | 职业 | 基础疾病或特殊情况 | 临床表现 | 病变部位 | 诊断方法 | 治疗方案 | 转归 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1996[ | 2岁 | 男 | 突尼斯 | 不详 | 不详 | 巨细胞病毒、单纯疱疹病毒血清学阳性 | 发热,脾大,血细胞减少, 镜下血尿,蛋白尿 | 骨髓,脾脏, 肝脏,肾脏 | 骨髓穿刺 | 锑剂 | 治愈 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | 2001[ | 19岁 | 男 | 中国杭州 | 不详 | 士兵 | 无 | 发热,脾大,肝大, 血细胞减少,腹水,腹泻 | 骨髓,脾脏, 肝脏,浆膜腔 | 骨髓穿刺 | 不详 | 不详 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | 2001[ | 4岁 | 男 | 土耳其 | 不详 | 不详 | 无 | 发热,脾大,肝大, 血细胞减少,淋巴结肿大 | 骨髓,脾脏, 肝脏,淋巴结 | 骨髓穿刺,rK16/rK39 抗体检测 | 免疫球蛋白+抗生素→ 锑剂→两性霉 素B脂质体→甲泼尼龙 | 死亡 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | 2006[ | 34岁 | 男 | 突尼斯 | 不详 | 不详 | 无 | 发热,脾大,肝大,血细胞减少,寒战,消化道出血,弥散性血管内凝血 | 骨髓,脾脏, 肝脏 | 外周血 寄生虫培养 | 抗生素 | 死亡 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | 2007[ | 15岁 | 男 | 土耳其 | 不详 | 不详 | 无 | 发热,脾大,肝大,血细胞减少,鼻出血,乏力,腹水 | 骨髓,脾脏, 肝脏,淋巴结 | 骨髓穿刺,rK39抗体检测 | 锑剂联合头孢吡肟→ 两性霉素B脂质体联合 头孢吡肟 | 死亡 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 6 | 2009[ | 46岁 | 女 | 以色列 | 间接接触农场 动物及宠物 | 不详 | 无 | 发热,脾大,肝大, 血细胞减少, 眼周及四肢水肿 | 骨髓,脾脏, 肝脏 | 骨髓穿刺 | 免疫球蛋白+氢化可的松→地塞米松+环孢素A→两性霉素B脂质体 | 治愈 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 7 | 2012[ | 24岁 | 男 | 中国成都 | 于西藏 矿产勘查 | 武警 战士 | 无 | 发热,脾大,血细胞减少, 黄疸 | 骨髓,脾脏, 神经系统 | 骨髓穿刺,rK39抗体检测 | 地塞米松+环孢素A+ 免疫球蛋白→锑剂+ 环孢素 | 好转 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8 | 2013[ | 19岁 | 男 | 中国北京 | 不详 | 不详 | 无 | 发热,脾大,肝大, 血细胞减少,乏力 | 骨髓,脾脏, 肝脏 | 骨髓穿刺,rK16/rK39 抗体检测 | 依托泊苷+糖皮质激素+环孢素A→两性霉素B脂质体→锑剂 | 好转 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 9 | 2015[ | 30岁 | 女 | 印度 | 无 | 不详 | 妊娠24周, B12缺乏 | 发热,脾大,血细胞减少, 寒战 | 脾脏,肝脏 | rK16抗体 检测 | 抗生素→地塞米松→ 两性霉素B脂质体 | 好转 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10 | 2015[ | 39岁 | 女 | 中国甘肃 | 住所附近有 售狗处 | 不详 | 无 | 发热,脾大,血细胞减少, 乏力,咳嗽 | 骨髓,脾脏, 生殖道 | 骨髓穿刺,rK39抗体检测 | 锑剂→加地塞米松 | 好转 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11 | 2017[ | 40岁 | 男 | 印度 | 流行区居住 | 农民 | 无 | 发热,脾大,肝大, 血细胞减少,寒战,乏力 | 骨髓,脾脏, 肝脏 | 骨髓穿刺 | 抗生素→两性霉素B脂质体 | 治愈 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 12 | 2017[ | 1岁 3个月 | 男 | 中国四川 | 发病前5月住汶川 | 不详 | 无 | 发热,脾大,肝大, 血细胞减少 | 骨髓,脾脏, 肝脏 | 骨髓穿刺,rK39抗体检测 | 亚胺培南西司他丁→ 锑剂 | 好转 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13 | 2017[ | 60岁 | 男 | 中国河南 | 发病前1年于山西长治河堤 工作 | 农民 | EB病毒合并感染 | 发热,寒战, 血细胞减少 | 骨髓 | 骨髓穿刺 | 阿昔洛韦+甲泼尼龙+环孢素A→ 依托泊苷→锑剂 | 治愈 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 14 | 2018[ | 23岁 | 男 | 英国 | 于塞浦路斯 停留3个月 | 学生 | 胆囊炎,EB病毒抗体阳性 | 发热,脾大,血细胞减少, 盗汗,咳嗽 | 骨髓,脾脏 | rK39抗体 检测,PCR | 抗生素→两性霉素B脂质体+甲泼尼龙→米替福新+甲泼尼龙 | 好转 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 15 | 2018[ | 9岁 | 女 | 中国甘肃 | 牛羊接触史 | 学生 | PRF1+STXBP2 基因杂合突变 | 发热,脾大,肝大,血细胞减少,颈部淋巴结肿大 | 骨髓,脾脏, 肝脏,淋巴结 | rK39 抗体检测 | 地塞米松→锑剂 | 好转 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 16 | 2019[ | 11月龄 | 女 | 中国甘肃 | 流行区居住 | 不详 | 无 | 发热,脾大, 血细胞减少 | 骨髓,脾脏 | 骨髓穿刺,rK39抗体检测 | 锑剂 | 好转 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 17 | 2019[ | 76岁 | 男 | 法国 | 频繁前往西班牙流行区 | 不详 | 前列腺癌, 皮肤癌 | 发热,脾大,肝大, 血细胞减少 | 骨髓,脾脏, 肝脏 | 组织学检查,间接免疫荧光抗体试验,PCR | 糖皮质激素→依托泊苷+环孢素A→脾切除术→两性霉素B脂质体 | 好转 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 18 | 2020[ | 30岁 | 男 | 中国重庆 | 四川偏远地区 工作 | 桥梁 工人 | 肺部感染 | 发热,脾大, 血细胞减少,寒战, 多处淋巴结肿大 | 骨髓,脾脏, 肝脏,淋巴结, 浆膜腔 | 骨髓穿刺 | 地塞米松+免疫球蛋白→两性霉素B脂质体+锑剂 | 好转 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 19 | 2021[ | 2岁 | 男 | 中国甘肃 | 流行区居住 | 不详 | 支气管肺炎 | 发热,脾大,肝大,血细胞减少,颈部淋巴结肿大 | 骨髓,脾脏,肝脏,淋巴结 | 骨髓穿刺,rK39抗体检测 | 头孢曲松→锑剂→ 加地塞米松+免疫球蛋白 | 好转 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 20 | 2021[ | 25岁 | 男 | 中国浙江 | 不详 | 不详 | 无 | 发热,脾大,肝大, 血细胞减少 | 骨髓,脾脏, 肝脏 | 骨髓穿刺,mNGS | 脾切除术→ 两性霉素B脂质体 | 好转 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 21~31 | 2022[ | 23~61岁 | 男 (9例) 女 (2例) | 中国山西(7例),甘肃(2例),内蒙古、北京 (各1例) | 野外活动史(2例),哺乳动物接触史(1例),均在流行区 居住 | 不详 | EB病毒合并感染 (2例), 干燥综合征 (1例) | 发热(11例),脾大 (10例),血细胞减少 (9例),浅表淋巴结肿大 (3例) | 骨髓(9例),脾脏(10例),肝脏(3例),淋巴结(3例) | 骨髓穿刺(9例),rK39 抗体检测(9例),PCR (9例) | 锑剂(3例),两性霉素B脂质体(5例),两性霉素B脂质体+芦可替尼 (3例) | 好转 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 32 | 2023[ | 1岁 3个月 | 男 | 中国甘肃 | 流行区居住 | 不详 | 无 | 发热,脾大,肝大,血细胞减少,双侧淋巴结肿大 | 骨髓,脾脏,肝脏,淋巴结 | rK39 抗体检测 | 锑剂+甲泼尼龙 | 治愈 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 33 | 2023[ | 1岁 | 女 | 中国甘肃 | 流行区居住 | 不详 | 无 | 发热,脾大,血细胞减少 | 骨髓,脾脏 | 骨髓穿刺,rK39抗体检测 | 锑剂+甲泼尼龙+输血 | 治愈 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 34 | 2023[ | 5月龄 | 女 | 中国甘肃 | 流行区居住 | 不详 | 无 | 发热,脾大, 血细胞减少,咳嗽 | 骨髓,脾脏 | 骨髓穿刺,rK39抗体检测 | 锑剂+甲泼尼龙+输血 | 治愈 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 35 | 2023[ | 10月龄 | 男 | 中国甘肃 | 流行区居住 | 不详 | 败血症,纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血 | 发热,脾大,血细胞减少 | 骨髓,脾脏, 肝脏 | 骨髓穿刺,rK39抗体检测 | 美罗培南+甲泼尼龙→锑剂+输血 | 治愈 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 36 | 2023[ | 74岁 | 男 | 中国广东 | 长期居住新疆 | 退休 | 无 | 发热,脾大,血细胞减少 | 骨髓,脾脏 | 骨髓穿刺 | 两性霉素B脂质体→ 锑剂 | 治愈 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 37 | 2024[ | 1岁 3个月 | 女 | 叙利亚 | 不详 | 不详 | 曾患伤寒已治愈 | 发热,脾大,肝大 | 骨髓,脾脏, 肝脏 | 骨髓穿刺,直接凝集试验 | 抗生素→两性霉素B脂质体→甲泼尼龙+免疫球蛋白→锑剂 | 好转 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 38 | 2025[ | 中年 | 男 | 印度 | 流行区居住 | 不详 | 2型糖尿病 | 发热,血细胞减少,皮疹, 肌无力,寒战 | 骨髓,骨骼肌,皮肤 | 骨髓穿刺,rK39抗体检测,PCR,外周血涂片 | 两性霉素B脂质体 | 好转 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 39 | 2025[ | 64岁 | 男 | 比利时 | 发病前2个月于葡萄牙度假 | 不详 | 急性胆汁淤积性肝炎,胃食管返流病 | 发热,脾大,肝大, 血细胞减少,腹痛,黄疸, 淋巴结肿大 | 骨髓,脾脏, 肝脏,淋巴结 | 骨髓穿刺,PCR | 两性霉素B脂质体+地塞米松→复发→高剂量两性霉素B脂质体 | 治愈 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 40 | 2025[ | 31岁 | 男 | 中国重庆 | 6月前新疆 工作 | 不详 | EB病毒合并感染 | 发热,脾大,血细胞减少, 干咳,便血 | 骨髓,脾脏, 消化道 | mNGS | 两性霉素B脂质体+地塞米松+依托泊苷 | 治愈 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 41 | 2025[ | 50岁 | 男 | 印度 | 流行区居住 | 牧师 | 无 | 发热,脾大,血细胞减少, 肉眼血尿 | 骨髓,脾脏 | rK39 抗体检测 | 两性霉素B脂质体→甘露醇+输血(因脑出血) | 好转 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 42 | 2025 (本病例) | 39岁 | 男 | 中国河北 | 野外作业史 | 矿山从业人员 | 2型糖尿病 | 发热,脾大,血细胞减少,淋巴结肿大,咳嗽,畏寒,寒战,乏力,高热时头痛 | 骨髓,脾脏 | 骨髓穿刺,mNGS | 抗生素→两性霉素B脂质体+地塞米松→两性霉素B脂质体 | 好转 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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