热带病与寄生虫学

热带病与寄生虫学 ›› 2026, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (1): 41-46.doi: 10.20199/j.issn.1672-2302.2026.01.008

• 防治研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

2015—2024年芜湖市梅毒流行特征及趋势分析

陶金1(), 章静2, 豆正东1, 张协钰1, 陶显庆1, 方艳姣1()   

  1. 1 芜湖市疾病预防控制中心， 安徽芜湖 241000
    2 芜湖市镜湖区医院
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-31 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-03-31
  • 通信作者: 方艳姣，E-mail: yanjiaof@163.com
  • 作者简介:陶金，男，本科，主管医师，研究方向：性病艾滋病防治。E-mail: 20409223@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    芜湖市卫生健康委科研项目(WHWJ2023y078);芜湖市卫生健康系统优秀人才项目(芜卫组〔2020〕132号)

Epidemiological characteristics and trends of syphilis in Wuhu City from 2015 to 2024

TAO Jin1(), ZHANG Jing2, DOU Zhengdong1, ZHANG Xieyu1, TAO Xianqing1, FANG Yanjiao1()   

  1. 1 Wuhu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhu 241000, Anhui Province, China
    2 Wuhu Jinghu District Hospital
  • Received:2025-10-31 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-03-31
  • Contact: FANG Yanjiao, E-mail: yanjiaof@163.com

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摘要：

目的 分析2015年梅毒扩大筛查后芜湖市的梅毒流行特征，为优化防控策略提供依据。方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统获取2015—2024年芜湖市梅毒病例资料，采用描述流行病学方法分析其流行特征，采用Joinpoint回归模型分析发病率的变化趋势，并分析扩大筛查与病例报告的相关性。结果 2015—2024年芜湖市共开展梅毒血清学筛查2 793 280人次，筛查双阳数27 837人次；累计报告梅毒病例22 688例，年均报告发病率60.86/10万；共报告隐性梅毒18 108例（占79.81%）、一期与二期梅毒4 348例（占19.16%）、三期梅毒179例（占0.79%）、胎传梅毒53例（占0.23%）。各月份均有病例报告，总体无明显季节性特征。男性和女性报告病例数分别为11 454例和11 234例，年均报告发病率分别为60.36/10万和61.38/10万；≥65岁年龄组报告发病率最高（110.87/10万）；家务及待业人员的报告病例数最高（8 531例，占37.60%），其次是农民（7 066例，占31.14%）。各县（市、区）中镜湖区报告病例数最多（4 226例，占18.63%）。发病趋势上，梅毒报告发病率总体呈下降趋势（AAPC=-1.22%，t=-2.74，P<0.05），一期与二期梅毒呈下降趋势（AAPC=-20.10%，t=-7.46，P<0.001），隐性梅毒呈上升趋势（AAPC=5.90%，t=3.55，P<0.001）；不同人群中，15~24岁年龄组梅毒报告发病率在2017—2024年报告发病率呈上升趋势（APC=10.12%，t=2.61，P<0.05），25~34岁组呈下降趋势（AAPC=-10.89%，t=-13.80，P<0.001），55~64岁组在2015—2021年呈上升趋势（APC=4.93%，t=6.64，P<0.05），在2021—2024年呈下降趋势（APC=-8.54%，t=-4.16，P<0.05）；不同地区中，弋江区（AAPC=-7.11%，t=-6.23，P<0.001）和繁昌区（AAPC=-4.27%，t=-3.21，P<0.05）梅毒报告发病率呈下降趋势，湾沚区在2015—2019年呈上升趋势（APC=10.68%，t=3.29，P<0.05），2019—2024年呈下降趋势（APC=-5.87%，t=-2.77，P<0.05）。筛查人次数以及双阳数与隐性梅毒报告病例数呈正相关（r=0.693、0.754，P均<0.05），和一期与二期梅毒报告病例数呈负相关（r=-0.976、-0.830，P均<0.05）。结论 2015—2024年芜湖市梅毒报告发病率呈下降趋势，早期显性梅毒降幅显著；65岁及以上老年人、家务及待业人员以及农民是重点防控人群；隐性梅毒病例报告增多与扩大筛查密切相关。

关键词: 梅毒, 流行特征, 扩大筛查, Joinpoint回归模型, 相关分析, 芜湖市

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of syphilis infection in Wuhu City after expanded screening of syphilis in 2015 for evidence to optimize the prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of syphilis cases in Wuhu City maintained from 2015 to 2024 were retrieved through the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The epidemiological characteristics were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method, the Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trend of incidence, and the correlation between expanded screening and case report was analyzed as well. Results From 2015 to 2024, the total number of syphilis serological screening in Wuhu City was 2 793 280, and the number of double positive rate was 27 837. A total of 22 688 syphilis cases were reported, with an average annual reported incidence of 60.86/100 000 population. In total, 18 108 cases of latent syphilis (79.81%), 4 348 cases of primary and secondary syphilis (19.16%), 179 cases of tertiary syphilis (0.79%), and 53 cases of congenital syphilis (0.23%) were reported. Cases were reported in each month, without typical seasonal patterns. The number of reported cases were 11 454 for males and 11 234 for females. The average annual reported incidence rates were 60.36/100 000 and 61.38/100 000, respectively. The highest incidence was seen in the age group ≥65 years (110.87/100 000), and the highest number of reported cases were in housewife and unemployed individuals (n=8 531; 37.60%), followed by farmers (n=7 066; 31.14%). The number of reported cases in Jinghu District ranked the first in the city (n=4 226; 18.63%). On the incidence trend, the reported incidence of syphilis as well as primary and secondary syphilis showed a downward trend (AAPC=-1.22%, t=-2.74, P<0.05; AAPC=-20.10%, t=-7.46, P<0.001, respectively), yet latent syphilis showed an upward trend (AAPC=5.90%, t= 3.55, P<0.001). Among different populations, the reported incidence of syphilis in the 15-24 age group showed upward trend in 2017-2024 (APC=10.12%，t=2.61，P<0.05), while the 25-34 age group exhibited a downward trend (AAPC=-10.89%, t=-13.80, P<0.001). The 55-64 age group presented an upward trend in 2015-2021 (APC=4.93%, t=6.64, P<0.05), yet a downward trend in 2021-2024 (APC=-8.54%, t=-4.16, P<0.05). In different regions, the reported incidence of syphilis exhibited a downward trend overall in Yijiang District (AAPC=-7.11%, t=-6.23, P<0.001) and Fanchang District (AAPC=-4.27%, t=-3.21, P<0.05). Although the reported incidence tended to rise in Wanzhi District in 2015-2019 (APC=10.68%, t=3.29, P<0.05), yet showed a downward trend in 2019-2024 (APC=-5.87%, t=-2.77, P<0.05). The number of screening and double-positive was positively correlated with the number of latent syphilis reports (r=0.693, 0.754; both P<0.05), and negatively correlated with the number of primary and secondary syphilis reports (r=-0.976, -0.830; both P<0.05). Conclusion The reported incidence of syphilis in Wuhu area showed a downward trend from 2015 to 2024, with a significant decrease in early active syphilis. The elderly aged 65 and above, homemakers and unemployed individuals, as well as farmers, are key populations for prevention and control. The increase of latent syphilis reports was closely related to expanded screening.

Key words: Syphilis, Epidemiological characteristics, Expand screening, Joinpoint regression model, Correlation analysis, Wuhu City

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